޵ºʱ
ߣһЦ
İ
ˣǱϵͳŴȥʵۡ׼ȷ˵ȥˡ
Ϊλ۳ĩʵۣյǻżˤһӣˡλƽıͬ壬ͱϵͳץάʷˡ
ϵͳֻҪʷҪ۳ûˣҾȥ
ȣʵҲûô븴
ϵͳQAQ
֮ϵͳǺ֮£ԼʷȿʼԼ֮·
Ҳôģȿųдšܿסİٹ˼
˵һԼôҸģ
ϵͳֱߵһ𣬱ʼˡ
ȣɱҲɵģҿµ񰡣ʱģҰȥ߹ذɡ
ʮº
ش˴ʮǳأҹѴѺˣ
/ϵͳ
ȣˣһҪ˭
ϵͳֱߵˡ
ȣв̫ײˣҸ䵽ƶطֲ

ƽߣԭ˷̻ҽݣκˣ
/ϵͳ
ȣͳͳİ취
ϵͳ㿴ǰλ״Ԫʹ޼㣬ͻΪµıôƷˡ
ȣ򵥣ҿԣ
ʵ۴飬ӭȢ״ԪΪ
ºȴӴͳͳҾǱŷɱҡ
ϵͳѾˡ
ȣ鰡ĳҲ˰ɡ۳ĩʵ۸޺Ҳûʲô⡣
ϵͳ
-
Ľ98v
-
Ķ֪
ƶǸֵӾ簴ۺϣϽ
ھ鰲뻯Ϊ鲻ӣ
ԭйϵŮԽδϵ٣ǲɢ󹬣ôǻʲôdoge
ҵҪڲŻչ
·˽ɫҵǰûڣ£
޹ܾŮδ˷ϵ
߲ҪģҲҪڱ᱾顣
2020.12.19ͼ湣
ΪȨʹãʦ
ݱǩ ͢ Խʱ ϵͳ ˬ
ؼ֣ǣȣҶǫ  ǣӵġʱ䵽[]  
һ仰飺꡿ºιı
⣺ƽҸǧ
Ʒ
ȱϵͳƽ磬ǱһԼ۹άӦеʷ硣ȲɱˣϣºͻԽʱķ񣬽ͬҰչ۳һ·ǿʢ˼ĺ࣬˷⽨ƣɹ۳ĻʵۡڶгĬĲ˻ʽ򱳴̣ЭһֳϵķʽɾǳֵĶ


1 
۳ʹһƬҲݣʹʲôݵ϶һƬȻ
յǻ»ڵǻˤһӣѾȥ˻ûѹ˵Ѿ׶༪ˡ
۳Ļ÷·ܵһһһȥ»ĿǰѾˣ彡׳Ϊ»ʻǰ˭뵽ûüأܵػ
Ⱦʵػָʶ
۾ûлָȶѾԶԼԼ˵ĳ
ϵͳŪ˸õɣ
Ǹ;е̫̼ˡ
һϸĸоǺģӦһ΢˵ƿԼ۾΢΢һ͵͵ΧĻ
һʱ۵ǼӴĶ
ܺÿԼã˿ڿʼ̽Ѱ»ĵڶۡ
齱ţòŮ
ȴԽǰǸִı׼ϻģŮԣٷְûгģ
΢΢һںû͵ر۾ţ[ϵͳߣԱŵλö԰ɣܲɡ]
ĵڲ
[ԵȣѯС]ϵͳ㡾ְصתؽҴȵĻ룬[־ѻظλӡ]
ȣ
ȣ
кܶ໰Ҫϵͳȫ˵
[㲻˵ҹæʲôʲô𣡣ΪʲôӣҪ飿ϵͳҿɸ㣬ʮ˴ɶǺµ]ȷΪҵĿ顣
ϵͳʾԼĲ⣺[ⲻ಻׷ӵұ]
[ҿллˣȷʵ࣬ҲԼһ]ޱ˵[ο
ϲеģ]
[㲻˵ͬλ壬ΪȥԽȳΪʲôͬλŰ]
ϵͳ侲ؽ˵[ͬλĶܸӣҲǸŮģҲпܲˣ嶼Բһο]
ȽۣȫſǿҵضϵͳҪ[Ҫ˻]
[ף֪ģݲ֧أ]ϵͳͻȻ˸ߣ˵ػ
[******]ȶϵͳһϵеʺ
һĴԽʵƲжԸǱϵͳвġ
ϵͳ˵ǣͬλ尴ʷӦ۳ĩʵۣһһСˤתȥҪ군ˡ
⵹˵ͬλжҪѹյһݡ
ֻǸС磬ͬλһʷ̲ԣʶݷչһλ߿Լ۳ʷŤŤҪˡ
ʵû̫ϵͳȰ˺üСʱĻܽž˼
ܵΣ־ϵͳԣ˱´˾񣬰ϵͳɡ
ӵ󣬾ϵͳͰһЩʵȸץ˹غȽ󣬶˳ŵ
[ֻҪɾҾصԭ縴]
ǰƶ꣬һж׼ӭ㰲ߵȣ
[ʵҲûô븴]ʮֳϿҵرʾ
仹ڹŴ⽨ʳʵҲûִС
˵Ŵִ࣬˭֪ʵǾǾžȻҲߡ
ˣΪʲôҪԽȥܿۡ
ȵ뷨ܼᶨǲɣ
ܾ˵ϵͳˣʱġȡʵкüѡƷõġ
ϾƷõĻһ˾ڹŴʵȨաڻƳʵ̫˲ϵͳֻɵˡ
ˡ
ǾΪʲôһ˻᲻Ӧ
ȫϵͳתؽġѧתӺɹջһԪûеóһԼ˵ҪԵĴ𰸡
˵˻£ﲻرֻҪܻﶼļΪʲôԼץһͳȫһ
ʱѵѡȻǻһѡϵͳǸϵͳûָ֧ѡ֮ͱˡ
ǽʧܣϵͳͻᱻԻյ
ûϵͳеİ
ϵͳǿһµġ
ϵͳʼԼ֪ʶ˵[ʷʷ֮⣬ʵ۶ǲҪôŬģ]
[ҪȡǱʲôȫΪΪϾû˱Ȩˡ]
Ⱦϵͳ˵ĺе[˵ûھΪΪӭİ߰ɡ]
[㲻Ҫҡ]ϵͳʾš
ȫΪ[Ĩɱ]ҲǿһЩС˵ģϵͳС·Ȼ֪ġ
[]ϵͳӦ[˵㲻ӦĻ]
[Ҿ㡣]
ȣ[]
[ҰҲŸճһʶҲÿڼú˯ͻȻѹԼҪ,òҰô޹İ񣬺ü˿ڣҪһˣǺòҰǸϵĻݲݣɰèèִأǺòҰΪʲôôʯĳడôĺڣݰȾǰ]
ϵͳҵȶʮѭš
ȣ[]
ĲԸЭģֻȨ˴Ӧ񣬵ĻǴ˺ϵͳԳƾֹʱľ׿ռ䣬ŻҪĹǺѡǰߡ
ڿռȾԼԼоϵͳԼǲôףԼһ٣ϵͳɴֱװ桤װͲ㱻ϵͳЦ
[ŲٸôһԴ]ҧ
ϵͳʱֵޱȹ[ģ֮ǰ⣬־ڲ˯һֱأû֧ڶµķã۳֮ǰôܻģ]
©ϵͳǱߵ֪˸Ϣȣ[]
ܺãϵͳ׳̶ȿԼϼˡ
Ȼôȫ˵ȥŻš
£תתʱ򣬺ȻһԭߵŮӾϲĺˣ
Ȼû׼ҪӭʵأŮһЩţ[ϵͳ죡ļ䵼ҡ]
[ףٿС˵أ˵ĴԺϵͳݿһı󣬲֧޸ġ]򵥵ķûܡ
[][ʲôܣ]
ľϵͳɵسĬ˼룬Żش[ֻҪɾȥϵͳЩֵĻΪһϵͳеĹȫС]
ȣ[磿]
ϵͳ[ź౦]
[]
ȵġ޴£ϵͳȥϵʶŻȡ
ž۳üʵ۶ƫִ̬оԼ岻УѪ׻ıλȺ֮λΪûʲôˣѪѾ⣬ĻѪʮ궼ûС
ܻô󣬴ΪǸүǰع߽ΨһĶӴ˹ȥλүսǾҵʱ׷ⶼûУҪ˵׵ѪˣС;ͱ˱߽ˡ
ʵҲǻ£Ϊˣܺúû˳ꡣ
ȻҲͺúû˳ꡣ
ԵؿŴ
ѾóˣȻͬλƨֱܼӰŪҲǺˡ
ųôЩ޺󣬴ҪԵϰһȺ⿿׵Ĵǡ
ʧȥͬλϺȵıЩӲάϵȥô뿿Ǿǵϵġ
£ЩԼҪԵġˡ
--------------------


2 
ͬλϵͳȻͿʼҪԵ
֮ǰȴߵŮȢӣǱ߽ĳŮλҲͬλţλȼλ˾ǣȫľ
֮Ȼ檣ʵҲֻԶĵطţûƳǡλҲǱ߽ĳλСŮСʱ͵ȵ߷̣ȻȻ˷С
Щ㲻ϸ붼оͦġ
Ĩ˰ԼϲĲͬԣҲܽİ
[ҼȻҪģǲô¶ԣ]ʵ
ϵͳ˿϶[ԣŪ군ˣؼң]
[ã]Ϊ˸
ҪһѶȺܴ󣬵Ҫһ㸲ǻȫʲôΥĵҲ
ºڰ˵ȵ˳ãҪȥϳǳĻ
ϣȺܸ˵صЩǷԣЩд׵ĴҲûйȵ곯ʽ񲿵Ĵ˳Ƚԡ
ر尲念ʺ֮λڹа񲿴˵߶߶ݵ˵һʵûĻ˵Լص㣬Ὣ֮Ů²ŲԵΣ¾񶨺Ů
Ⱦ֪ϳҪ¡
ʱ򣬾һֱйԱ˵ЩҲһЩһ˸ߡ
ʵЩô󶯾Ǿ˵»ʵ߶佫ŮûʲôĻʵʵ˼ǲ̫ʵֻۣʵûʲôѡ
оȨȷʵǱȽ˲Ǳ佫·ˣӸ濼ǳеĹԱֻűϡ
ֻϹϣǾ;Ⱥˣ⻹⣬ЩԱǺȻľͿʼΪԼȺȡ棬ȵһЩΪ񶨣ȻԼҪѱλʵۡ
Ƕλʵȫ˽£߼òֵòͷ
ǻʺλá
ڵĳ֣ܽͳôҲ͸˸佫Ů
ʱѡĲһ͵ȵϸ˸Ůƣһǻò²ż汸ԸҪСУҪʴ󷽵ҲУξѡ
ûоʲôȻǲЩϣҲҪֻҪ򵥴ֱͺˣ
޶λԶΪͬǻʵۣҪ޵ĻʺӶ뼫Ϊǡȴ϶ٵԣ֮ӣҪ޵ŮӱҪʵѧ
ȵĻڳĹ¶ϲı飬»ʵ۶οͣϼдšӿɽ̡ĸ֡Ǳƽȫ޹صģϾʵԼģǲʺλöһˣھ٣ֱٶƺ
˵껰ֻиղűٷԹԼŮ²ŲµĽὫŸЩƣŬѹȥ
λǷ޵뷨ûʲô飿ʮֺƵضųʵ
ƣڳӦš
ʱ˿̳¼˻ϲֻ֪Լж࡮⡯ϵͳò̫ԣʵ[׼Ҫʲô]
[񰡣˵Ҫ]ٺٺЦš
ϵͳûҪʲô£ԼſڶųǺЦ˵ǴҾֱó³ɣ޺󹬵λӣԼλݽ²ż汸ŮǣҪڳеʲôְ񡣡
ϵͳ⻰ˣ[ţ]
µλһɻؿȣ֮ǰЩ²ؼǶ̧ͷȵȿ˹
ǺΣǾԼˣãȻ𾪵ضʵ
Ȼ볯¡ȺȻһλԣ֮ȻǷŮ²˭ܱȵùλ䣿Ҫ㹻²ż汸ŮӣȻҪܺλһܹվ⳯ϵŮӲǣ
[ϵͳ㿴Ҹ¹󣡣][Ʒǲǳ򵥵ģɱʲô˰ҾһźĶܰ°ˣ]
ϵͳȫ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôԼʵûôԣʮа˾žΪ˽ɢԼ󹬣Ǵ
»ǺĿһµģϵͳȻǲʲôеġֻﲻ̫ԣԼ㲻ʲôصŮķ⽨ҪŮȨȷʵǺܻȫû˼
Ǹоֵֹϵͳ˴־˯־ѹϵͳɧš
ûõ־Ӧϵͳתš
Ӧþû˼ɡ
ϵͳͣһȴ[ԣ㳬ģ]
ֻܸȴҲֻϵͳȫܵ˾ţüλ˼һҪʹȥģͬظ£򲻿ɰ䶼ڿ飬֮ǰһĽὫˡ
кβɣȹɻʵ
λ񲿴ʼԼĳƪۣ߶߶߶˵˰Сʱûͣ˼ԹûŮٵĵΪҳ٣Բ¡
һʼ˵һѷǲ˼ûû˵ģȸоЩˣЩ쵼ҲԹ
Щûʲôģ֮ǰİд۳ڵŮԵλΪƺƣʵûô⽨⡣Ҫŵһ£ЩǲܽǶ¡
˭ںأ
ȶϵͳ˵[ͳӰʱ򷢻ϵͳĹˡ]
[ʲô]ϵͳɻ
[ҷŸè󡷡]˵
񲿴˵꣬󳼽ϣҲݵ˵ʲô˾֮ĻԼĲ
ʵû˵ɫƺţԭԿοȥ
λ»ȻȽףǻǻȰɣҲǲġģΪ˸ʵָۣȷǰⲻʲô⡣
Ⱥ׼ٽ߸ͽʱͻȻ̨ϵĻʵЦЦȫǿʲôΪȤĶһ
϶ǳ´ʵĽ
ҵĳöʱһž
èͻȻֵıȲͻȻʶԼûסԼЦ
æϵͳͣ£ȸɿһŬųǣһʲô鶼ûз˵˵޶Ҫ˵ԹиãҲдʢТ̫󡣡İҲûԴʷ
Ҳ̳иõĴ˵£ҲŮֻ̳ӵĲܣҲû֪Ǵĸʱ们һչ
ʢТ̫۳ʱŮԣʱֳ٣۳٣λʵ۳ֳ۸涼ȲԼĸףٰȰɣʮ
˾ǻ̸ֻ֪֮֮ɣ򼦺תػΪĵ׳ȻǵԼʱд
ȵķԿɰڴˣҲȵݣȴڷϣУ
[ⲻǿûЩ֮Ҳϻ]Ⱥϵͳ²˾䣬²ܿͶԳʵкη涨ŮӲ٣
Ƿ̲񲿵ĹԱǸǺ޲ðԼڳ룬ʼûҵʲôĹ涨
Ͼʱܶɷûôȫ棬ο۳ҲδٹŮӵιٸְİֻǴǱְ߽ٽҲߡ
϶¼Ȩֳп飬Ůһʿط۹ܷġ
Ƶ۳ʷûٹְֻϵͳһ飬δˡ
޹ɷҲŭȿʼԹ
˵Ӧѳһ쾭Ȼ飬ҪκأĶͳһ֪û뵽ôһǵĻʵ˸ȡ
ȲŲЩôģ˵ŮӲɴҪ˵Թ̫ûٳֹЩôҷԣⲻ˵ĺܳɹ
ʮֲ˵˵Ƕٸǰۼ£Ȼ۳޴˹涨޾ǹ涨޾ɷ
ϵͳѯ۳䣬ڵİʱжˣ׼˵ģ
ԳɹѺüϳڵأǰϳ˫ֲָȣֱߺʹļ׵ǿҵҪΪʵʡ



3 
ɰϵͳ˻ˡ
ô˸жĳƺ
ͬλҲûϳĵһջ
˲
ϵͳԺﻶţʵȴҪʰ̯ӡȻǼǵԼǻģǼλ˼ңԼЩʹģҲһ䣺̫ҽȻֱֲˡ
ᱻϳһ࣬ȺɿĴǻԼģϾԺкܶࡣ
ȶըνڣŲɿػԼ޹Ϣȥˡ
õϢܿų⴫˳ȥȻ󲨣ھѰٻҲըˣһʱ侩΢һЩľ¥ݱǷ׷׾ۼŭʵۻ޵
ֿáʫӿ˵Ƕ»е׸
˾ڳϵȫΪ֤ʵ˵˾ǴȻɣкüλΪ˷ŭһ¡
ÿҪԼԺһȺƼ֤»Զۣʵ֤»Ǵģ
ʱǸģʲô岻Ȳ֮һ˵Ҫǻֱˡ
һֱɽȺǲŷ߷߲ƽشӾ¥صǴ඼Ӿһһ޸ԺϢĳΪھǣסջʡǮ
ǫмصԼԺк󣬾ƼԺµ鷿УȻڣʮ־ػδţ
ʱЩ֮ǰھ¥ڣҶǫûţΪԷǲ֪£ڵغҶǫ˵ڵ
֪¡Ҷǫεش˷ԣŲǲ֪£Ƕ³вͬ۵㣬޷ǾǱºλ֮ˣҵкιϵ
ǫ˻뷨Ҷǫ뷨ʾ⣬ѲЩŮﵽҵжͷϣ
к𣬲ȥЩ˵ĶӻŮˣҶûʲôϵҶǫЦ˵źͬԺӵǱʹĬģҶǫûչǴʹģǼ˵Ա߽ȱŵˡ
ȻڣǲԸǵĿܣ񾩳ڻʹڵıȨ»С
»ʵǻʽ˺Ϣ£ֻ¹͢ѱʰϣ޾λЮ֣ʶ´˿ƴ治ͼٳ١
¹עûˣ£д֮Ů볯֮
ЩŮӲȱѧʶԸžѹ볯಻ȱǡڴǿҷԣֻЩŮӱֻµצΪλǵС
Ҷǫ˵Ŀ֮ж̾»ʵ뷨ֱŵ˴Ƴ˼·Ҷǫ»֮ǰȫûģ۳Ҫӭ֮ˡ
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Ϣ֮ǰҲһЩŮ֮伯棬ȫһƬžӿӿԼϡҶǫЩźֻϧ˵ȼʶ͵ǵŮУûŮӻӦ»
ڱ´˾ʵʾΪŮ볯ʶ֮ʿŮӶԸãҵȺӵܣҶǫԼܶ
ǧǣΪҵȱ֮
λҶǫ˵ҲЩĶҲôݵһ˲ֻǶжྭ飬ɾ»ʵľٴʵ̫Ѿܽܣֻ±¾ҪŮΪ٣ɺͳǧᲢۣ
λΪΪͿ๦ߣΪȨƾʵǻΪҵΪ»ڣ˵޵֮£ñ³У
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ҶǫʲôΪ£Щ˵£˫۾Ѿ˵ˡ
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֮ԾۼôˣԼٹ˿ϣһԾš
Ļޱãֻ˵֮ڿഫάһϣϾȻĶţôῴЩһۣ
ЩӵѾ̫̫á
Щ뿪ıӰҶǫе飬ȻȴûٴξİЩֿȥ
Ҷǫֻܷ鼮ߵߡ
͸鷿Ĵֱֱ͸Ժǽ쿴ͷС
ǽԼԿСŮ׶Ƽݻݵķ·𲻴κ֮ܳΪĶһ㱡ƤŹͷҵͷϲŸݡ
ǲݱꡣ
ͷϲⶫѾܳˣֻǸƷ
ԺӺͷУǳлȥԼĵط
ҶǫʦǺѾԺסˣˣûʲôı䡣
Ҳûʲôı䡣
ǰܿҴһߣҶûƼˡ
ߣЩ˻ܻȥû˴ߣЩʮа.Ҫġ
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⻹Ǿǡ
ЩҶʱ򣬳λȷʵǸ˺ܴŬȶ٣ɲ֪ΪΣȶǰμҲδ԰֣»˵Ŀࡣ
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Ӧˡ
һЩʲôҶǫ˸ӨӨĹ⡣
ҶǫŮ볯ܳɣҲԼϢЩѾҪ嵽ʹƣ»ʵҪҪ۳ȥȻǻҪЭġ
ʵ۱ЭҲ϶һ»ʱ΢һҪҪߵƹ̶ȣҲԵЩǳĹ֣Ҳаġ
ǡ
ĵпƾ֮£Ϳʮ¿
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Ů볯²ķʵܳɣǲܲܳɣ¶ǱĵĿ϶ǲģ
Ȼǲ֪һȺԼλţҲ֪һȺλߵĳŻҪģ³ͰĲ˻ߣװģۣ̫ӣϻСӣˮĿȡá
ܲУʵԴ̯ۿʼûзһ£ԺпϵͳŵĵӾ硣
Ҷǫں˵»Ӣʱ͵ش˸磬Ծ̧ͷ˿Χ
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ϵͳӦ[ģʽεεΣҪʵȫǴ˿̹һǧٶʮ˭]
ȣ[ҷŵӾɡ]
ҳһȲҪҲ֪ڼλҲйȲʱͽΪһеĻͿˣλɱ޹Ƚϰȫ
Ҷǫ»ӦѾѻʹյŻ˷оʵûеġֻǰԼ̷̫໻˼ȽϻɫһͺмȵرֺϵļһѣЩ̫Сȷʵûͦġ
ģȫû̫࣬Լ־ӣôˡ
λɿûıڣȲ˵ðա
ȾƽĹһ죬ΪЩЧʵģȻ̫ˡ
ڶһ˯Ȼѣߵ̫඼ɼ󣬹Ȼûĸ۵ûзԸ£賿ͺϳ
ɢɢ̫Ǹ£ϵͳʵ[ϵͳڼˣǱߴ󳼵Һܾ˰ɡ]
[Ŀǰϰ˵ʮ֣ģ쳯⣬ûκһĳǰλᡣ]ϵͳٸ˻Ӧ[ҲѾյ̫ǵ֪ͨѾȥϰˡ]
£ûЩǣ̵ضϵͳ̾˵[˵ҺͳҲһ˫򱼸ðɡ]
[]ϵͳȻľϲУ˵
[㻹˰ɡ]
--------------------


4 
ȾϵͳҪ΢һµġ
׵ϵͳûѾɹˡԱӦþͲ˵ڲ£Ҳʲô鲻
׵ϵͳǳŵǿΪΪģ
ֱ׳ȰţﻹǶߵ̫ʵշЩǽͬѡ𣿡
ڸ̫ܹܵշüشǰ֮շδ˽⣬ѳǰ¿Ҫһۣ
΢΢תͷͿԶǸ߸һۣʮÿʱemmmm
𴲺ƼֻΪЩ۶֮ǰûأ˯ǰѾԸշЩô컹ôһѡ
⻹һɣЩ󳼾ȻôЧʵš
Ҳνǲῴġ
ʵմԽԴʱĵʱйѪһۿġ
Ͼʱ۶дʲôΪִͨôܹأ
ȵܻΪŴ֣ۣܵȫû뵽ûпϾ۳Ĺٷǿ壬ͦģԴ򷱷츳ҲȱЩİҲϵȥ⡣
۵ϵƽȫһٴһû廨ŽصݣͷۻȫûҪٿڶͷˡ
ϾʮŬذһۿ꣬ܽǸ˼ǡϲµǻǸͬĴӣXXĲǸֵ˲ţXXԺ󳼾ɶˣл¶
壬һڻʵǰˢڸеӡ
͵ߵۣҪģģȹҪЩǹƶѾԼˣ͸ЩëƤСµߣ΢еʵ۵ĳɾ͸С
Ҫɾ͸𣿵ȻǲҪģҪĳɾ͸С
ȿ귴ʹߣһɣΪʲô벻ϵͳŵĺ౦ȥ⡣
֮ȶǡ
[ϵͳɨ裬Ƕдʲôܽ¸ҡ]ǻ۾ǻʹù߲
[ɨ裬ɨϡ]ϵͳʽе£Ŷ˵[ʮʮ˱ǻʽģ]
Ȼмۣȸðͷϵͳ[屾ǿӢ䣬Խȱ˼룬۳ԸٹٱʣΪԼŮ]
ȣ
˳Ĭ˳˼Ǹпضϵͳ˵[ܻʶ˲Ųˣ⼸˵ֶҼҪá]
[˵]ϵͳʾ𾪡
ȣ
[ͳǲǲŸճ]ȸоԼ֪ϵͳ˲׵ԭˡ
ϵͳˣ[ⶼܿ]
ô˲Ҫϵͳ̵ʲôνĵĳ嶯ܿͿסˡ
ȫµϵͳʵǸġٺ£Ŀ΢΢[ҵľС]
һжͻ˾ųɳŭϵͳǺܿɿģȼȻԸϵͳȻǲй̽˳ӵذЩ˶
ȺϵͳԺеĶԻûö೤ʱ䣬ڹŮ̫УȲǿǶһۣ˼תͷշ˵ˣȫȥŷհɡ
ǹЩ̫๬ŮǱɸѡϵļ¹٣Ȼȫûаԥ˼ĻҲĬ룬ֻеܹܵշӦѸ٣ûʲô˼Ӧǣ¡
ЩҲǵģʲôܵ˵ģҪдһ˿ͷ۵ۡ·߶߶ŷӦһշʵʲôʱˣ֮ûаЦӦѾȺãӦöѾ侲ˡ
Ȼ޵źĹŮ̫඼ɸѡİķ֮˵껰֮Ĭ
շЩ컺ģɫ򶨻ӦֽǳʱλδĿǰڳű¡
շ赭д̻ĻǰһȺǲֱɣڿ軰һûסֱӾЦ
ǻʵۣҲûбҪʲô
[Ǳʲô]ʵ
[֣ЩĳܼһЩ̫ͼȰǻȥ]ϵͳܼ򵥵سʵ
ϵͳЦ˵[Ѷȣѡ˸¹٣Ҳڰﳯ]
⻰ʵ˵ĲûʲôЩп
ŵ̫Ǹ飬Ȼ˷Ըȥģ˲Ȼ϶ߵˡ
ѡշܹҲľͱֵķеģȻϵͳϵͳɸһˣһѺѡǰûаϵֻʵ۵ġ
ǾͻǸ⣬ͬλǼһôһŪġ
ζЦշһƬ亹ûϸĥ̴ٵЦ󣬶˵ȻǶڵޣǾͰһ£ڼݳš
ҪȥշǰЩ󳼣ȵǻӴˡ֪жϲŭԼɲ⣬ʲô鶼λ»ʵĸоֻշΪ̡
λ»ΪôͳͻϾֻڻλϣڵ̫ܹܡ
Ǳ̫շȥģֻǹŴϢûôշ޵Ҳ֪ڳǱߵľշ֪ڳżᵽѾһʱˣڵڻʼô⡣
շĥһ£˳Ӧȥţ˴ϢȥŸ֪»Ҫȥ¡
Щշܿͻص޵һ̧ͷͶǷ·Ѿ֪СЦЦı飬·ֹͣ˺ü룬˶ٲһԼԺһ̣¿ҪЩ㣿
ȷʵǴϵͳǱ֪շСû˵ʲô˳շĻЩĵ˵ӣ΢ĥµµǱҪݵľ籾
ʵ֪ϢֱӲǣЩڳҹȻ̫࡮ǿ֪ˣȻ̫ش𡮴ǵڶ͸ˡ
ȿȡ
ȻЩýֺž˼
㹻ͱѡֺŵʱֻӦûٲ˵ġ
Ⱥǲٻ׵ͷԼڵģǲˣôָĻȻǳڻǴϵģͷҰһܵ
̫׼ЧʺܸߣҲʮӵʱȫ׼ˣûвʵ۵ǶˡٶˮƽҪ˵ƵĹŴˣһжЧʵִ˾
ȻЩ̫ҲҲ죬Ͼ֮ǰ²̵ģȫһ㲻ȫˣڻŵ̫Ȼǰ㲻ҵ衣
𴲵ţһҲ͹ȥ˲ʱڰ糯ʱڻʹſְչĳ˵ǿǳͷβ˽ʱ̫ûɶ¶ȣҲѾкЩϳܲסˡ
ǲûշ̫İƽͷŭ𽥵ﶥʱȳʱûκ⣬ڳĴǶſڻһѹϹյ»ŭĿӣһϵָĻϮ
Ȳ켫ˣϵͳѯ[־Ǳûи㹥ԣͬλδôģ]
¶ϵͳ˷Լ洢ϣ[ޣ㿴ֱߵһ󳼣ʼˡ]
˳ϵͳĻλ󳼿˹ȥ
λվǰţȲûмסĹְֻվλÿ϶ְλ͵ġǰŵĴǲһλùĴ󳼿ᣬȹҲʮֵ꣬׳꣬ʮа˾žͷˡ
ͦżһŭ͸ң˾òͷǳȴԽǰڹװӾ￴ЩֱĴ󳼡
ϵͳСˡ΢΢˻
ϵͳһֱ˵ͬλλȲûжʵĸоһԭԷôײе
ִôֱ
[ɱҿɲɵģҿµ񰡣ʱģ㿴Ұȥ߹أһġ]ȹϷģͬλΪİ취Щ
⻰ϵͳҲûʲôëҾԼѡ̫˰
ǾϵͳҲǷǳúƽģ
ͦأ
ԺϵͳΪҡźʵȶԼֺԺЦӯӯضλ󳼵Ƶ˵䣬кλҪ˵ģ
ΪʲôֻǺ䡯Ȼѹ֪һ˭
ҪֻҪڣϾҪˡ
»䣬ŭ»ʵźͰٹǷŭԵĻλ»һ仰û
Ϊ񷨣ŮɫŮΪ٣Ϊֻ֪֣Ų˼ԣ˻֮࣡˵Ͳûֱָȱˡ
ɫ䣬ܵӦĳСϵͳʵ[߽ĸطְȱ]
ְ߽һȱְǿ϶ȱٵģûмҪȥ߽һϵͳ͸һѳ
ҲûںЩְλĸߵͣҪҲÿߵ͡
ŴĹְϵͷۣȻܱţǿ϶˶ܸߵͷͷ˶
ԿۣͿǸʷ
[ΪʲôĹְʷ˳shi]ϵͳЦϾͷ·ûʲôƢ˵Ȼ˲ǾͲھԼ伴յְʷ
ˣͰظʰΡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ţİλشˡ
ڲͣβְzhangʷchangʷ𾪡


5 
汻ֱּӸŪˣ̫ߵʱ򶼲֪Ӧðڳʲôı飬һûӦܳȥһ·Żعȼ硣
֮վǰȷʵΪڶΪһĳ䣬Ĺְλǰе˱̫ߡ
ȻǺͳһչְվģǸ޵
ĿǰʵְλĿǰ˾ũ䣬ֻǴƷ
ʷǴƷ
ѪΪɵ׼ˣѻʵһٻֱ
ʷְλ˵ȱǲҪҲʲôְֻǱսҲݣЩȥĹٲСѳְ˲٣ƷĹ˭ҲԸǱ߳ԷɳԴȷʵƶһĹٲġ
ֽǱְλҪټܣϾҲԼĻţЩȱְڴһιȥĽְֱӾʵȨУԡ
Ȳ֪֪ʵҲ⣬ĿĺܵǰýңҪ
˱Լ塯ס˵ˣȷǳ⣬ٽϵͳҪһͬλԹĳ
ϵͳãȵ㣺֪λ䶼кܶ໰Ҫ˵һҪż˵ȾЦѹ˵ķԣֵ˸ˣλ뷢ĸԡ
£ӦӹѵԹΪɣʡ
ãһȥɡ
Ϊ˻֮٣
˵òȥɡ
ҪҴ۰
ţûͦʺϰġ
ܳôȶ·ƢܺõӣЩֹûЩġȻҲȫȫûпģ翴õģȾͻ߾ͣͱȽϴģȻǻȥڱȽϰĵط
ְطʵҲвٸλ඼ƶƷ΢Щ뱲Ӱƴλ˵ȥ߹Щ
ȵ㰡㰡һʮˣС°ְλźֹͣˡ
ⲻģЩѧᰲ죬ûɷˡ
˺ü˶ֻŭԼԣҲûôźųǰ֮һ˻ͦġŵϵͳ˵[Ҵô࣬ӦѾͬλڵ˴˰ɣ]
ϵͳһԼ洢ı񣬶ػӦ[ʽԼһʮҪ㴦]
ȣ[]
[ҸСˡ]Ȳݷָܿе˲ԣ˿ǰȺ϶ʮ˵Ĺ壬[ǡô˸Ǽһڣ]
[Ϊλʮ꣬˿ɳ]ϵͳѶϢ󣬸˻ش
ȣ[]
ȺϵͳԺٵʱڳŵĹһƬҲûǰƬЩѧˣҲǳˣˡ
Ѿͷβķ֣·ʵĲں
ںЩôģҲںԼʵʲôڶں޳ôԱ󣬻ܲת
λ»ʲôں±ôһȺ˷áҲȫûκηӦЦ÷ǳġ
ĵЩǸеһ⡣
Ѿʶˣڰǰӵһλ
һǰȰɺҿмá˸ҪΪɣվô·ͷβʲݵĽˡ
Ӣ䣬λ˹ȻΪӢص󣬿ȫ̵շѹסԼе뷨Ͷȷ
ǣҲһԵõֻݵⲢΪշ˵Ϊһ档
[ŰɣܿһоͿԽˡ]ȶϵͳ˵[ҲŲҪʮ꣡]
̶ֻ̹ȥ˰£ϵͳѾᵽһĸӣĶ̰ʵ[Ϊʲôô˵]
[д洢Ƶ¼ʵ˼]Ⱥĺϵͳ˵ţ[ﰡǻԸͱ˳֣ʱǻǶĻϣҪԷıġ]
[ǲˣˣǾʹѾˡ]
[Ӧôıɣڴ]Ѿȫܹ⽨ʱˡ
⽨Ļʵ۵λѾ˼䶥ˣһʱؿԸŸƵֵϵͳ˵Ҳǹ÷ǳˡ
һЩϸϻǻڸϸ΢ĵط˸оʡ
·ͷϳͷƤķ٣ζƷϡȱǳ嵭ʳ粻ʲô˶ţ˽ĸо
˿ԼֳҰĺĿ⡣
ԼʱҲǸͨˣϸôҪĵطʮֲ
ϵͳȵĻ£ûʲôõѶϢǵʱǵЧʣϵͳֻúźջԼѶš
ɲ࣬ʡʡҪӰƬء
ʵȶϵͳ˵ݲҲվδϢ.ըʱǰܽľóսڻʵҲûʲôη֮ĲŻֱ췴Щ۳ԳƵĹĴ˼뻹ûôȽһתͷʹȰɷɿת䵽췴
ﻹһ¡
ЩɢһԽԽȺ¾Ǳ߼ŭ⡣
̫ˣ̫ˣô˵ĻʵۣƵҲоԼͷѵӣﻹڲͣŭ˵
ҶԲڱ°˻Ƶ
Ϳ޺ӣǲôĳ侲˵ִֽˣҵȳ޷֮ҪԲߣܲλ˶ŵ߽ɡ
ȷʵǷǳҪΪڳǰ˵ǼվΣЩָŵĳӦѾҪʰ뿪˲ǡ
ЩְλйԱְӦ´֪ͨõعԱ׼ҵȿشھǶա˳˽顣
õϿɣܿͷ˵ӦΪϽϣĿѰ£˽ԶŵϣЩɻ󣬡ɴˣ
ʱ˲ע⵽֮ԵøⰲλԱǣЩμٵһˣʱ˿Щ˵ıͬС죬ȫѿǵıﻹԼԼЩ֡
ͷߵλ󳼲ŲҰӦة࣬ɱְλ˵ְ
һ⡣
ָҵȵĹְΪڿְ
󳼵ĻһƬžһĪĺϯ
ã˲ʵΪλְ
֪󳼿Цţ¹ҲȻ󣬲֪ģڲδ˲ְĵӡ
˵󳼻΢£˵˸Ҷ֪飬ֽԱΪȵǺδаκ˽Ҳδп˵ȷĹԱľְ¼顣
Ҳδп˵ȣȵۼݱδκжԸ鷭Ĺ
Ⱥ֮ǰͬλоЩԱȻܲע֮ǰһֱǵλ»ʷǳʵһֱشڻʹƵߵ̫֮⣬ûκΡʱˡ
ǰΨһиҲһ飬ؾĽͽÿ»ʵǻȻ£̫ӵǻҲи棬ûʲôرġ
˵ĻܵǹĪ⣬ȫǶδ֪ȻԿ־С
еĴĪʼ뵽ڳǸлԳơ
֮ӣ
--------------------


6 
ʱΪ֪ʶӵĳǴҲŹֻѾ˺ֺʱҲ۳λʵ۷еĸо
ο»ʻѡƾλǵĹͣλ˵ڳˮֺ㣬ûгȵĻиоʱֻԼԼ
ǰʱôһֳҡ
Ҳ»أ
ǻʱˤһӣԱͻȻͦд˵ǹζǸˤʲô⣬ܵأ
ĳҡ󣬺ܿ
˵ǹȵĴͳһϼйǵҲЩkǣе
ĳÿ˵뷨вһֻͳһԲ»ʾ
»֮ôţǻΪվ佫һɵˣֻҪ䶼һôǻʵҲκεǡ
ĳ߾󲿷ֵͳһˣҪȡ佫Ǳߵ֧֡
ĳ˵ЩεģϾ˵Ǻ佫Ǳ̸̸ʵھ߱Ȩ˻ʵйפ֮⣬ĶҪɽὫͳϽ
λὫĳǸյ
ϾػʵۺĳֵôѿʼĳǲԸýὫ֮Ůʺ󣬸ʵ۸ȰɣҪѡŮ档
ǺλĽὫȷʵûʲô飬Լ⳼ִƾȨĽߵ̫˭Ǻϣĳϸѡ
Ҫ¸˵佫ͬ뷨ģҲҪܺ»˵ϻһſֱӱȥ
Щģҽһ
򱱺
κϵͳԹЩЧ̫װ̫ܹշ˵£򱱺
ȣ
˭
ĬĬҷʡ£Լǲ̫ŬúˣҪԸЩԱ˭˭ûи
ⰲͻȻļһ϶ʲô¡
Ҳԡ
Ŀ֮԰෴߼λ򱱺Ӧ˺µģ
΢߼ǰһϵͳ˵[ͳӣ򱱺ϡ]
Ҫϵͳ˵ɱʼ򵥵öࡣ
Ϊ۳ֻоܷֻ̳ܽУ򱱺ܽȻʵʵս¼ڲᣬֻҪм¼ϵͳ˵ҾͲʲô£ܿϵͳ˽
[򱱺͢Ʒ󽫾ʮꡭ]ϵͳԺ˵һЩ򱱺ƽԼĸ˸С˵[ǰ˾µʱ㡣]
ȵҲûʲô⣬Ͼ򱱺Ͼϵͳ̫ףԼҲ΢ȥ˽λͬλľ
ͬλǰڱı߽ģȻ򡮱ǿ϶ǺͬλЩϵŻʱ
ư
Щʧ
ѹ˵췴ʮ겻ɣˮزɴࡣ
շڼݣҪ򱱺õȡȺָָƱϻǷ·ϢһƬϲģ
ֻƬϲڿɫշʮֵ٣»ʵĿвûаЦ⣬͸һƬȤζ
շԽԼȫλ»ʱ¡
λ»ʱµĸǼٵģҲǼٵģϲöǼٵġ
ʹ»ʾٻϷʦߵȱݣղͣЪͷЩ⼸û»ʻֻн»ߵշ֪ʵӰǰ»ʵһϷ࿪ʼڣ»ʵעδ̨ͣ
Ѳ⡣շԼƺĿʼʣԼõ»ϵͻǼǰǴΣ»ʶ̵ٶʮ⡣
ԼԼշ㲻Ч
Ȳ֪Լ͵͵ϵͳԼƵΪԼԼʮߵݼˮƽΧ˶ôӰ˵ıֻͨԼӾϽӵٶȸе⡣
[Щ췴շЧʸöð]ȴЩ΢Թܿͻת[佫Ҳͽˣ췴£еĿװ]
ϵͳ˵Ҳܼɨȫǵ佫ʾһƬ͡
[佫ǲûҪ췴]ϵͳжʧˡ
ȶϵͳɨĽûʲôʧ佫ģ佫ǿ϶һµġ
ⶼʲô⡣
˵[û£ǻģҲˡ]
üϳˣ
ʮӺɵ򱱺Ķ棬˳޹󽫾ǰڼޣΪ£
ⲻ˳ɲа
Ϊʲô⽨һʮٽϡ֮ˣʮСﻹȣܱӻ֣
˵ǹȿԺ·˵ʱֻ˵ԼǺܽġ
ʲôϵͳ˵־Ա
ϻһʽǸȭͷȾԼ΢ĵ𵴣ĴĸҪһϻǵòʵۡ
ȹԴ򱱺ҲȰ
ˣȻŶƷְѾǲϵˣǵǸỹǳ£ûۼ
ǰ켸λְϵǱߵĴ˵͵ʱЩ˵ʲôԡΪʲôȫºͳΪϷģܱӣԼʮûСޣȻ
ôһ򱱺ȫЩĳ˵ǶԵġ
λ»ʵ˳ɵӿе٣ֳԼ͸˫ۣȻǸ⣬֪ԼҪʲôˡ
߱ǲɵġ
ȫ˵ľǧ̬򱱺ʮֿ϶㡣
Ψһ򱱺Щֵֻһ㡪»ʸĸоǲǱĺӣһ
򱱺ô˿ͷûʲô
Ͼüòȫۼһҵ͵ģ˭أ
ĳǱƸ佫ڿҲһˣ򱱺ܿͰЩĳȰ׵Ժ󣬺Ͱض˵δʲô£ֻ˵Щĳñ²ˣ¡
Щ˳ⵯǵģ·߿һͷ¿·Ҫ䲻عء򱱺ⷣÿǺúóһڶ
޵ĻûʲôЩ裬ɲòµ򱱺һֵģȱʾͬķж£öԷһĺٽйԵصĻϤˡ
ͬλǸ¶ϵλˣָľͱס򱱺Լˡ
ʮˣô۸Сģ
սĴ󽫾Ĳˡ
ţȴڵõͬǹɷ߿Ǻͼҳ״һ򱱺ǣ̫ˣּǼΣⶼ˻ھĥĥ󣬼ֱȫ޷
Ҫնǣŭ
λ򱱺Ҫôأ
Ѹѧ𷿶ˣ
--------------------
лҪ˵
һ乣Դй˵ϲ͡еġG˵̫￪һһġŲݶǾͻͣԸ⿪ˡй
³Ѹ⻰˵ģ


7 
ȵķ򱱺ǺܵģϾǴģְ黹أλ»ʿ϶Ƣġ򱱺˵ҪɱˣϰɱûеӣЩɰ
ûжȵĻʲôȰ򱱺ǳ˼£ʵЩĳǱ¶նˣϵĹ׼˭
ûʲô˼ͻشǲǶڼ
ڼ򱱺ʶöԸĳ·òͻһֻʽ
佫ǰĹٵְȥУУҲУʱ˺ͶˣʰɣǶ׿çҪ
򱱺һӦ̽ЦǺǱʾ±ϳЦ֮Ļǰ򱱺̧ڴĳϿĿ⡣
Ȼ򱱺ʶλ»ʱ˵滰
򱱺΢΢ۡ
ĵһƬӵ򱱺ȫ˵Լʲôܣ۳ʵ۶ѾĳԪˣۼҵĻʵʵûʲô̫
岻֮ǶɺͲ¼ɣ˺ھԽط񲣬û⡣
򱱺Ĵڱʵǲ¼ɶɹģȸףλųɫ²ܵĻʱǻÿαگؾܸоַ̨֮Ŀ·ҪĲ
򱱺Ѿϰˣϡ֮Ҳûʲôϰߵġ
ҲӦ£ϾӹÿγǾ±ֽδйκ⣬ЩִƱȨĽȻǻᱶܼɵ
Ȼ
ƺ˸⡣
򱱺濴ȣ㱼񿴵λ緢ִҴὫ죬ȵĿǴЩʵ
λĻʵۺۼһʵ۲һڷҵľǣҲǳڳƺ͹ڦľǣڱĺӣʱʧȥĸĽʿģЩһôķ
ǺһֱͼƿĳǶĵˣС󶼻ϻλ佫ǶԼˡ
ŻЩĳǺѺö佫
߽ȱ׵°򱱺ʱٻԼ˴»ʸЩ˷Ĺְ
Щѧʶĳ»ʿɾĸ߽ͷһֱЩء
ĳ˵»˼ɫ˰Ѿаѳ͸ˣʵ⺢ͷţЩǱԹĻǵȥˣֻ֮ǰѾЩȱְɡ
⺢ǳϵģҲǲеģ򱱺ٲ֮Ҳ֪Ҫ»ǿųֿƿ򱱺ҲԼûлסλӣˣ΢۵»ӦûǿԵġ
Ѿƫ򱱺Ц¸߹ϳˣЩ˵Ļϳɰ㲻ᣬЩϻҲû͡ƾܺ󻹸һ׵Ľ飬ĿЩᣬһһȵЩЩ˰Щһﻻ˾ǡ
⽨ĿףҪǿ׵ĽҪ׵Ľ飡
[ҪҲ˰ɣ]ȫû⵽ܾȷ־
Ϊʲô
Щ۳ĹԱǾͶûԼ˽ǾͲܲôһȨǰˣȻܾܾ
۳ûһ

[ˡ]ϵͳֿܳذȣ[⣬ʵʱҲһ顣]
ȣ
[졣]лϵͳ
˵ϵͳûֻ̡
ϵͳ쵽ϵĲҲøʵ˵״󽫾㻹Ȱ޷ŹЩһģ
ܣûǲȥǾǿּɵնʮּᶨ˵ĵһߣǷԣڶߣǻǾִܲУµ޵Ļǵģ
ڻʵݰ棬ûҪ췴ҪȻ˭ûޡ
ο˻ûҲԷɿӲӣ˶˵޵Щȥ͢תȥġ
ȵۼݱҵǻʱûлʵ۸泯͢Ƕܺúתʮԭ͢˰˵˵žЦ˫ֱֱؿ򱱺ѯʣ󽫾ҵҪ֪µ˭ҵ£
⻰ȫ˵ѹһȵ飬ѯ£򱱺ôҲ˵
ȵĻѾ»ʶڷЩȫĵģҪôҪôֻֿܣ϶˵棬ҪôѡǾЩĳǵˡ
򱱺ԥľԼҶЩĳͬ飬תʵ¼ȻѾö⣬ϳȻǲԣֻǳϿճôְλ˭棿
򱱺˵Ϊ˻ǰȼȿ˸ЦܲҪЩŮǽְɣ
ȶ˶١
ԲʵѾ¸ˣϾѾ˸Ҫæ
򱱺ˣǸⰡλ򱱺ǻһЩ׵Ľġ
һӾͿ򱱺˳˺ܶ࣬ŵػشкβɣǸּȻ˵Ů㣬ְλȻûʲô⡣
򱱺鵽»ʾжԣЦŵЩŮӱȻǲģֺοΪǡ
ҺθɣǱǸ۾ϣǵļҲʰʰǼλ䵽ȥɡ
٣һ
򱱺Ȼǿ˫Уʮڴķչ
򱱺ȫû뵽ģԴǵؿȡ
ûȰʲôΪѾ֢ڣֹ»ʲôأλ»ʱµ֢ʵǶĳǵĲ
»ʵġĽᡯ֮ǰֹΣ´Σ´Σֱ»ֹ佫ҲһԹ϶ͣЪ
ϻһֱˡ
ֻǹĻʵ۷׼ĶѪǣ»ʵĳϡ
Ҫ»ʺǱߺͽǡ
򱱺ţĿڲԶüվŵշϡ
»ʺһЩ¹ǴһЩֻϵ˿϶ͼʵۺͳӶȨԼ
Щ֪ʵϢ.ɫպϷΪ飬򱱺Խ϶㡣
»ʱԸĳǱߵȨ佫϶ǸȨγĵôʱڶĳôĳԹ϶Щ»ʽӴĻ¹ʲô
Ҫ»ʱ¸ȥӴˣ»֪˲ĿС
Լǡ뷨򱱺˳ӦֺǺǵض˵ͱ˵Щɨ˵ˣҲ࣬һֱڹпɾ÷ƣʱϳűµʹɢɢġ
򱱺ǰӦ裬ΪҪһսȫû뵽򱱺һ
ƾԼȥȨλ򱱺ȻǶ۳ĹԴ佫Ů볯϶ǽЩҪְλǡ
֪򱱺϶թ
ǳȥ氡
ٴο򱱺ǿԼӴֵ󣬾ȫֱӵˡ
ȥҪȥ
һֱѵΪȥ
ǰ֮ǾʹǵԼϳЩĳô
ɲһԼ˯־ж࿿ס
ʱ鷳󽫾ˣʮָ˵˵
򱱺ƵӦ
»ʱ»˵鷳󽫾ථòĹԺӰֻҪ˺úý̾ͺá
--------------------
лҪ˵
ĳ»ɲ⣡
̫ࣺ»ʿֲ˹
佫»ʵɣ
ĳ
̫ࣺ
佫


8 
򱱺صԼûþˣȻЩ֪ʥ˶ϣ֪͸Ϲġ
бߵģҲлھµġ򱱺ҲûоܾЩһ鷿˵
Եĺº򱱺ҲûôĥߴѺ»̸Ľ˵ˣҲԼһЩ뷨˳ȥ¶ԹλŵѲɸģ߽ѣ˵ҲλĻҲ࣬ԸλˮƽֻҪһʱ䣬ȱͷȥҵݸٸԭְʲô¡
򱱺⻰ʵѾԼƫ»ߵˡ
õĴɫÿ򱱺аǾ䡮µ˭ҵ¡ҲתЩﲻô룬Ҳٱ»ּĿܡ
ֻ߶߶š첻Ҵۡʱ۲ٳԴȵۣδñ¡һĻ
򱱺Щĳһ࣬໥οţ˵ʵﻹͦġ
Щûٸ佫飬ʤ˾Ǻôϲ߸ǾƽĹԴӦôشãеʱٲ¼ȨͷҪһѵ
򱱺֪ĳǵְ໥𵽼ܶãϲɱľǡ
Щ˵ùͦĵġ
Щĳǿʵ򱱺Ŷ󳼰ҪŮǽεת£򱱺˵±Ҳû˵صģϾǲصֻʮλڵڵĹŮӦóʮλ
ŮϳҵͬΪǰڣڲ
ϷҲ˶Ա˵ġϻ򱱺˵ֻǱ˵ƼЩŮĳǾ۾ϣҪһŵʱЦʮá
ʵϲںʲôŮǷΪ٣λֱ̫˱£ҪλһЩѵ˵򱱺̾˿λͬɲãֻ±²ưոݣλΪҴ۽ɽ𢿼ǡ
ȻѾȥˣֽºͼλȵ۲ƣȻ²ںʲôģ±ϾӣҲռڣµʱ򣬲һ
Ժ£λǡ
ۼǰĻʵۼ˵ʵְλѾ˼ȨͲ۷ˣ֮Ѿûʲô׷󡣶ۼǰΪνͨ飨ףɱĻʵ۶Щ洫֢ҲǴڶۼһʵ۵ձӡ󡪡
ƫִɡ
ƫִ˺˵ȦӵĻȥģҲڳϵЩǶλʵôֱôյҪԭ
ѾϰߺͻʵֱֱĻģ˭뵽»ʲôں̶ֳȡ
ڳһЩĳһҪʵ۵ͷ
˵λ»ۼҵϵ֮ΨһģһλĻʵۣλ׵ȥ˵׸
ֻЩĿǰҲֻôһͷǻڵ򱱺佫ǰ˵⣬ǿ侲˵ү˼Ͱձµ˼ЩŮ𣿡
ˣǾŮ飬ܽ򱱺˾䣬Щһ֮׵λãǸҾĵӶ֣οڹŮӡ
ŶԷҭסӣ򱱺˵ʵܺ˵ġ
򱱺ղڻʹ»ĳ⻰͵úϣȫûЩĳ⻰ǹŤı顣
Լ⻰˵κ⡣
һʼʱ»ʻ˵Ҫն˻ھĳأת˸⣬Ǹͱȥ»Ҳûмֵ˼
֮»佫Ȩ򱱺ܺ»Ҳûⷽ򱱺Ǻܸɴķ
»ȫãǲĳӲܵԭ𣿺»ʱʲôϵ
Ůְ֮±²δʽλаźúּñ̹Ȼġ򱱺ʵЩĳҲ֪ǴʼǶڼֿŮ볯飬û˸ĳ̨ףЩҪӵǲġ
о̫ҪǺѴʤ̵ģ򱱺ںοⷴŮ볯ֺûʲôϵ
ڵ֮£λҪͱ¾ͽϡ򱱺˵⻰ɫ֣ЩҰԼԻ¹ٵĲ²˵ˣû˵ԼҪ»ʳ¡
ʵ۵гȻǻܣ򱱺о꣬ʲôϢӦǲܳڵǷǳзִġ
»ʲŸյǻȻôĳͻʱ
Щĳ۳Ĺ»ʰΣȴδǵŵˡ
ֻ»ҪһЩҪģ»ʶ˵ĸдȥ
򱱺Լӹлص·ϣЩ¥Ƕ»ʺδеüͷ¶ЩɷƣضЩĳǾ˵Щλ˵Ҫһ£¹ٵĶĿЩϢǣֻҪ˶뷨
򱱺յõĽЩĳ⣬Ҳ˽⵽λ»ʵ̬ȣܸʲô㣬򱱺ᵽ£ǶӦᾡ촦
˵죬ҲȷʵǺܿ졣
ЩĳǻȥûãŵǺܿˣ¥ݵٱɢЩǱߵж»ֶΪߺ޲ѣصԾסĵطٲ˷ֱܱ飬дʫ׫ı»ѹ˵ķ
ҶǫҲ֣֮ܵȥ¥΢Զٺõģ˽˽һµѶϢ¥̾ڶ࣬ȷʵǺܲĸϢԴֻҪɸѡ
ʵڴòͣûвʲôֻۣ˴㱻;¥һģǿɢ뿪
ֻҶǫûգŲػԼԺ֮С
ǫһҲǣ˸ϻôġͬԺڸŽϽĲ¥걻˻ջ·ͿͬǽҶǫϾȻЦ⣬ʮֲ˼顣
Ҷǫô˵ҲûмȥϵЦݣ⵱Ȼֵøˡ
ǳȴûǿӲץˣ˵϶λµ˼Ҷǫ⻰˵ƶϾλ»ʿһԲϾͰʮλسسȥ´ּ϶ôº͡
϶ǸŵϹµԶάĳЩֻ𣬡ĳ»ֻǴ˺ͽ⣬Ǵ۳þҪȶˡ
¿쵶֣ʤ˼֮ǰδСҶǫԽ˵Խ̾µϸ˵Ҳգ˶ʱھͷûִ֮ȨԳƵǰδУ
Ҷǫ˵⻰ͬԺô⣬εֻһ㣺ǫ˵ƾ֮£ٿ𣿡
ʵЩ˵ˣĳ»عںãô»ʻȻҪĳһ棬Գ˵Ǻ£ɷЩδˣؿƾٵûôˡ
ֻǱټȻóӽɵϵƶȱȻǲᱻʵϲģλ»й֣ؿƾδȻǻġ
ȻҶǫʮƶ»ʱµ϶Ǿõȵġ
˼ᶨһշ׼ճҪͨѺЩͭǮѵûϵͳŲµӰ˯ˡ
ϾڶҪ׼ţҪġ
ѵߵ˹ڻ·ʱշȻ㱨£һǽݳ˸
Ǫ̇̄ÿնһӣǽպĳͻЩӸ߶սǣģȻǴġ
շ֪ɫ̫˵ǲʲôˣշһ˵ǿ϶Щرˡ
ùӦǺ򱱺ЩϵģͬʱҲϵͳԸ[ͳɨݣ¸ҡ]
շȵʱϵͳһɨˣйڳȱְŵݷٺת¡ܶȶûΪӡ־ӵģְֻλߡ
˵ȿŮӵ֣ŵְλǸ䣬һЩϺõҲǸ˸ɹ٣ѯϵͳЩְλƷǵƷ׶ƷƷ֮䣬ڲ߲Ҳ׳ķΧ
֮ǰֹЩְڶƷƷ֮䡣
Ҳ˵ͳӣʵϻǷպ򱱺˵ģҪŮӽЩְ˼ҲһŮ볯¡
ҪҪ̬ȣĿ⿴շһг.Ǳ󣬷ӿ˸뷨
ûҪţŮӷôȥ˵ʵǱ״ġ
ִȿһ㲻СŮԵ˵ˣЩŮãȫҶҪ䣬ôЩŮӶܵȫ볯õİⲻЩҪλϸһܳȥ
ֻҪŮ볯Щ⽨ÿƼЩŮԾܼжȻںͿԣġ
Ƚӹշݹӣ򿪺ɨۣͶķһΣٺ϶շʵշʶ֡
ʵͻأշ²˵ر£ʶһϾȫʶҲûô๬
ҰӸ˰ɡ°Ӷշ
ΪʲôҪԼӣȻñˣ
ǣӦʲôշŻɵֻۣǶ»ȻģҲ˵ʲôⲻϹأӲͷƤߵλ̯ӡ
շ⸱ģԾǸذĺ˾ģ˵Ͱ˵ĸľˡ
ľͬ
⻮ء
ά
һ˺Щ˵ͳʮְλѡȫĻһ顣
֪ƾٵЩְλϵ˶˭ʲôǶЩ۳ĹԱˡ˭뵽ҳ̫࣬Ҳǻʵ۵Ŀأ
ȲֱʲôҼ飬ͳͳЩĳַ󣬻ĵĳӡ
ϾЩķ֮϶ʲôˣ
շ»ʵ˼޸ţԽԽľԽʱͼǰЩ˵»жֲĳͬˡ
һֱ»ʣ֪»ЩûнӴ̫๬Ů֮κˣҲûʲôϢݵ»ϣⱾǽһģǰ»ʾûм
ΨһԳƵϿΪģֻиոձ̯һ
ǲʱ֣ܿ
»ʾô֪ⱾҪЩˣЩ»ȥˣֶ˭
շϸ룬űʵֲܿƵ΢΢š
--------------------
лҪ˵
ȣˡ


9 
[շдĲа]ȫ֪Լŵ˵ûûεغϵͳ²ţҾڲԼëˮƽô
ǲֵģⱲӶֻ֡
շ˵ֶٶȲһ˵ûйþȫ޸ϣ֣صذѸĺպٴεݸȣġ
ȼģĿ£ʵѾϵͳ˶Թˣֺ˰˻ظ߸˶շ˵ˣЩɨ˵£շǳɣ
ȳȻܴһ˳ȥǾ̫ˣֻ̫׼ϻزշҲշż¸ѣİȫ⣬򱱺׳϶ûʲô⡣
̵źȾˡ
ȻҪȻҪ΢˽ˣ̵Ȼǲˡ߳ſڣľϴμȫһһЩѲߵ֮⣬ûôˡ
[С˵ﲻһʹͿһƬֵľ۳аѹҪˡ]ﳤ̾
[ųȥطڻʳǡ]ϵͳҪ۳ȡһģ[ڻʳǵǣǴǰ칫]
Ū˵Ҳûаգ򶨵ƫͷշʵĸط
շֱ·λ£ԺʡõġʡϽȻǸλá
˳ſȥ漴һźղǰӴˣҪȻȥǱߴţһϲ
ǱߵĹԱǾϲĻ
ԣշûʲôӦȸλǶʮָˡϾ»ߣշܵľʤ»̶ֳȵЦʲôرӦ
йĻǻʳǸ磬ʡǱߣǻʳģҪȥǻᣬҾôŹʡЩԱǵСࡣ
ûٶ飬һ˾ֱţܿͳ˻ʳǷΧ򱱺ϡ
򰲡򱱺˸Ҿѹá
ᣬ򱱺Цڻʹ⣬㰴Ѱ˼ҵĳƺҼɡ⻰Ƕ򱱺˵ҲǶշ˵ġ
򱱺Ļ˸ƺɾտʲôȥĵط
ȿ˿ǰȷʵԳƵֵĴ֣ʵﶼͦȤģ߾ǣ⾩һĶûȥ
ȫ򱱺֮е£»ʵĿ˼ƾɾ
ĺӰСͳڱĵط˻ʵҲһֱڹôʱ䶼ʵʵģûλ»ʶûų
֮ǰļλȵȫһ
ĺӰ
࡯ȷ򱱺ЩԶкúû˸߲ҵؿʼڻʳſЩ̯۵š
ſڵ̯ӼЩʳ̯ӡ
΢ҲܺϾŻʹЩǹĵطһЩǾҪϳþͿſЩʳЩͣеʱָҲЩ̯Ͻġ
˵ȶⲢİ
ЩʳͦɾģĿһӱ̯ϷҪűӡ
ƻһȦıҲǮЩɬӵ濾͸͸ģڳԹִྫƵʳԼЩŵ˵Ǳһζ
ӣ治ʲôʱʼİһ߳űȻض̯
Ѿʮˡûʲôܴ̯ˬ˵ЩؿһˣλЩʱ򲻵𣿡
ǶӣҸ˸ְǸвľͳߡʮֳʵػش
վշĬĬţ߼о»صĻﲻ̫ﶼԡ
ԭʵҲ˵в
ǰĵİɲǾġȼš
㶼óһôѾûʲôأɾáûʲô⣬̯Ҳ죬ֺǺǵغ˵ǰǺӶǱߵģӶǱ߲ˮʱҺͼѹġ
ˮôûȥȺʵ
Թ˶ţʷ棬Ļ˼벢ûжٲ
ǺðվԼȥʲô̯Цݵ˵չʾԼճıӡ
̯ЦҲЦȷʵˣٸӴߡ
ϡ̯ˬӦš
շ򱱺΢뿪̯һЩ룬ûʲô˺򱱺ſڷ·˵ԿͷһȵɾǳӶˮûӡ󡭡
ţȴط˸ʾ򱱺ȥ
򱱺ЦЩӶǳˮûǳأǻˮ࣬ҹ̸Ӷ
򱱺˵ŵʱκӵѣĵ䣬ԱԼЩİĹȵȡ
Щ򱱺ûиɰͰ˵ѡЩȤ˵ĵطţžͺױЩСݡ
ִܶýϴģ򱱺һϵлҲ̾˾䣺ǿǸܳ
Щ˶СԺһҲųȥ
ȵĿޣ򱱺ЦЦ»ʿ佱͵㵽ΪֹûڼˮݣĿɨΧָǰһ̯λɾǰǸΣⷢεĿʽϱеģЩϱ߿֮أû⻨ڵĶʱϴʷ
򱱺һ·˵ŸС£һʼǺŵģ˼׹ˣ򱱺ڱǰЩĳˢøжء
˵ҲûбʾʲôҲҪ򱱺ǱҪܳ
ֻûס̾˿
[Ҿ;ǿ˳ʵۡ]ȶϵͳ˸п[ŬҲûȻڴý֮£ݺ]
ϵͳ̫ΪʲôԼͻȻĸп[Ϊʲôô˵ֻҪˣۻܼġ]
[ͬλ塣]Įظ˾ϵͳ𣬱ϾЩһֱûط˵Ҳܣ[ܼ򵥣Ϊײջȥˣôû취ûõġ]
[ղǸӵϺۼܶ࣬һӱ̯еģӦǳũľγ˰̡]
[ǸӦǸũ]
[˵ھǺðվԼ仰һ˼ǣںӶŬũɣҲԼ]
[һũҵΪķ⽨ᣬũԼ˰]ĵؿԶ


10 
ϵͳ¶ţȫ⣺[Ϊʲô]
ȱƱһѺйȥˣأҪ˵ֺܸܶӣܵ[㲻︴˺ܶ϶кִܶ˵ķϣʷ̷չʲô̫·֪ʲôͿʱۡëѡʲôģҵġ]
ϵͳ˻û֨Ҳû⣬ǵǰЩϵͳ˵ھܶأÿ˸ݼӿЩȥ˵طʧ
Ȼ࣬ʵʵȲ飬̨˵ؽĳ֪ĲӼ˹¡
ȶʱȱȱ˴ϵͳ[ͳЩҵأңȥΧһ¡]
ϵͳͣ£ƽʱԼĪʱŸ˻ظ[Ƕڸסĵطţģڻһ㣬㻹Ǻܻģ]
[ãǳãҹȥ]ʮ죬ֶϵͳǸͣЩǺͽţ[ղŵķӦǲˣҪľ˰ɣ]
ȶǺܽŵģ⽨ϵͳÿŵĸƵֻȥҪ
[ģҵԴڵ÷ֶʮ궼ûġ]ϵͳܿ϶˵ҶԼղŷӦ˸ͣ[Ŭ˵Ǽ飬뷨ʵ̫ˣҸղЩңѾ޸ˣ]ϵͳһ˵ҲûǸָ·
[㲻ǶˣҪȥѧ]ȽŲɵţһߺϵͳģ˽ϵͳ
ճûõСϵͳʮֵҲʹˣ[ÿǻԼóͲóĵطϵͳڼ¼˼ѧԵݾͷǳѡ]
[]Ϣʵ[ˣ]
[һ仰Ѿˣ]ϵͳԴԺ
ȣ[]
ϵͳȥѾȥСʱ˰ɣ˼Ҳǻûȫ׶԰ɣ
֪ϵͳ˵Ƿǳʲôһ̶ˡ
ЦԴЩ˼ضϵͳʵ[ѧʲôϵͳѲҲн׼ѹȣҪʵͳͳƽȵ]
[ǰ־Ҫ֪k˵kֻһˣҽ̵kkѧ֮ԺͲҪٻϵͳˡ]ϵͳʮֳʵذ־Ҳһˡ
ܾ⻰кܶĲ۵㣬ֲ֪Ӧô˵ֻ⻰һϢʾʣ[кܶ]ֻһ˵ǰֹһӡ
[ֻ־Ͼ־ô군ĻǲǶǳùҪһ]ϵͳ߶߶˵ţ[־֮ǰţһͻȻֻˡ]
ȣ[]
Ĳ֪ĺܵù
ԼȻôҪ˯
ô˯ܰԼ˯û˵ģȸеϢ
˿[ʵ־ҪЩ˶ܻȥɡ]
Ϊ룬ڵõϵͳ϶𸴺󣬻Ǹ־飬[Ƕڵk˵򵥵İ취ǹθ磬½ϵ׷Ϳˡ]
Ӻõ˴𰸣ҪѧϰϵͳʮָˣİѴ𰸴־ȼ׷ʵ[Ҫȫأ]
[ô֪]ȵ˵[ʳѾ㹻ȫ˳ϱҲһеط˻ᱻ]
⻰˵꣬һķһȦȦתǰĽŲ˶٣̧ͷ˿ʵգŶϵͳʵ[ղǷô£־ȥ˰ɣ]
Ųѣ˵ϵĸ˻ǲˡ
ũҵ˵Ǿĺ£ҪҪİ
Ѿ̫ˣũҲԱ췴ˣ
˲Ӧñӵ뷨ӡģȥֹ־飬Ҳ˵ڡ
뵽Լ֮·ҪģʽȣҲ̲ס¶
ѲҪʮꣿ
ʮ갡ϵͳЩֿܼʮ
[ţkһ£ԼղΧޡ]ϵͳܼʱظ˽˵
[]Զԣ̣ûס²˾䣬[ûð]
²һ룬ͻأǿˢһһ˲ƹһЩصĳ鲻֪ʵĲӭ沿žߴһػ
ȫȫ֪ΪԼ²۶ܵ˱ľĺ;ʧշһ볶Լֵ鲼[ͳ´ֻԲתȥ]
ǳǸҶǫ׷ԼɹĴͿǻһĻǰ˵ĴȻԼǵģʱǰһڣ޿κεظæȥǸ
ϣǸðɡ
Ҷǫﰧ̾š
--------------------


11 
Ҷǫ򱱺ǰҶǫǳ˿
򱱺ɱϢֱֱҶǫҶǫһ飬ܵͣסŲؿ򱱺ҶǫҲѧأ˵ҲֲѰ򶼲Ҷǫ˷ӦοǰλȻǸߡ
Ҷǫӿ϶Լǵʲôѫˡ
ﰵпҶǫҲЩ⡣طһЩϾɵԺӣ˷֮ҲЩصš˵ڴ㶼Ʒٵݣ鼸ᷢ
⼸ʲô·Ҷǫɺһ㬵ӣŬչʾ޺ȻҪôǱûǿԺֵǮˣµġ
Ҷǫ˸ӦЩѫķӣ氲վԶλеĵùԴӴð˳
žҶǫû̫Էֻ࣬ǻʶĳһüۡ
ϻǸƱΪ˫üȴ˸о׻ûʲô
Ҷǫ˿
ȷʵûв´Ǹ.鷳
Ƶغͷ
˵ƿôѣС۵־
ѱһǴϳ£һѽƶշʱŰĿǸ־޹ǣĵùϡ
ʵϴһܾм졣
ȾͷӦ˹ϵǹʣϼЩĳûʲô
ʵ
ﻹûߵϵͳָĵطǡ
ܱѾкöԺſڶ˼̽ͷĳԹ·ˣûעЩˣ濴˿ܣΧԺƾɵѾǸĵأȫǶԷסӡϾӶԷûҪסֵط
Ҷǫע⵽λƺΪ겢ûӣ˿˸ҽܵǣҶֹǫʦ̨²½ѧ
Ŷȷ·Ӧʵȫû˵ʲô²
ǰλȷʵǸ
[һҡ]ȶϵͳĵ˵˵겻ϵͳ˵ʲô򱱺ʾ£˿ԼЦҶǫ˹ȥܺʵס⣿
Ҷǫ㶣ȫû뵽λӸȫûղ⣬Ƕ⡣ʶͷԼղųǸԺӺŻصֻЩʶֶѡ
𰸵ЩˣֱҲûа˵ʶ֣һΪֻŴ»ʻأû뵽°
򱱺⻰޿շշǸü˳۹ӣȫûжȻκξȣиǿ϶ԼǸ⡣
»»ʴδǴӺε֪϶Щ¹ȨƣڻʵǱ߸ʹҩĽ
¾֪ˣǿıҲûƢð
շȫȸģʱעǷҶǫϡ
ע⵽ԴҶǫ˵Լڽʶ֮»ʱ±öʮָȤ
¹еľǻʵϲã»ڹʵ̫Ī⣬õţλΨһ»ʸȤȻֵ۲Ĵڡ
Ҷǫô˵Ҳûգɻط˾䣺ɾǶԶƫ
û˵ǻǣ˵Ҳ顣򱱺շڣȻҪĻ
ҶǫȻǿóһжûĲǺܴģźλɾ¶ӡ
շѶûҶǫȰԼĽߣԷԸ˾շҶǫ˵ΪǸǾȥι۲ιôʶֵġ
ȫûиܾأοҲ㲻ʲô£ΪΪȻòˡӹҶǫɣǰλʮĹ˴·
ȽƾɵԺŷ濴ѾõˣʵʴԺҿҲûָɾŵĵطм䵹ڳ˸յأ泾֦д˰⡱֣Ȼǻûнꡣ
ԺҶǫ⣬߸ݰͰ͵ˣ˵ʮҵĶͯУռͲԺпλáȻλҶǫѧǣЩ˿İۿɼɪ
ôηˣڿҶǫЩѧﻹǳ˸߽Ҷǫǿµı˹ȥɹ
ȿĿ΢ƳЩ˶Ҷǫǹɵľ֮⡣
ѱȥҶǫŶȽʶֵСԺӣԺλŵģԺӽѧ֣ǮֻҪæЩƾͿԡ
˵ҶǫʾѾɹõıʾǻơ
ôҪʶ֣Щֵʵ
ԭΪʶλ̼ģû뵽ȻǴˣͺˡϾʱӦЩӦȥϹʱǡ
ϾҲʲôҲǶʶֶѣȻֻܽʶˡҶǫ̾Ϣ˵ȻԴЩͷۡ
⻰˵ûëַ·ʲôû˵
ԵؿҶǫ
Ҷǫϵı仯ЦЦ
ɾһֱúûӦ˻޵֮֮ˡ
ЩϾǲҶǫǼþհնԷҪķش𣺡ھһԽԽˣʶЩ֣˵԰æǸҲˡ
ͷʶ־Ǽݳ޵飬ԼֻһıǶԻһڷԣ벻ڶ
ΪʲôǴ˶ûкӾ͸ˡ
ຢӲǱ˾Ѿˣûжٻⳤ
㵹ơɫ˵
˵䵭ı飬ҶǫǾɾ鲻ǲԼĺģʵ˵֪ɾļҹӣ
ƲϹӡȱzԺչһЩˡ
ȵλԺſڲԶϾҲûпռ߶ôľǿЩԹȺڵĿ⣬ȫȫǶĹС
˼ϸԼ˸
ƣҶЩ飬ˡ
--------------------


12 
ҽܣԺΧһžΧ۵Ŀȴŵϣ°ɫ˿Ƴ£˵𣬱ҲأҪεġ
˷ӦЦţΧ˷ʵôģҿѵ𣿡
Χ˿̬׺ͣҲûʼٹ˵ľη壬ʻжԺǽ˴ŵȺɾʲôİ
תͷǸ򣬶һػش
˿ϸ첲ϸȣƤ׵˼ȻûгԹ࣬Ҫ˵ֻһСʳûʱЩ˶ﲻסȻЦ
[ͷ˵滰Ȼûš]ȶϵͳ̾š
רҵѧĿǹѧﻹйҰ䷢Ĺʦְ֤˭˵Ǹأ
ҶǫҲЦţٵݽ֪û׼˵ʵˣѰ˻ԼΪģϾʿũ׼λǷǳĵģȻһԳԼǹ˵ġ
иطҲԭҶǫΪԺӺֻʻΪЩԺƶǡ
ʵЩѫ˵ƽпܶƲˡ
ԺǴ󵨵ʻõȵĻӦתͷ⿴ԷŻػʵһصı֣ʵЩˣλѫɾԲֳǸˡ
ҶǫλɾȤǺȻľͶ˲Щ棺˵ɾΪλ˴
Щ̸۵Ƕסͷ͹ʶʶûʲôػش
򱱺⻰ǰ¥ƹʱЩʱǰһڡ»һȥ֮ǰ·ŬĳˢЩøҪȫûˡ
˵»ôЩḯסʲôط֪
򱱺뵽΢΢ۣ۽һֻ̬ͬշϡ
˵⻰ͻȻǰҲǸҲֵ֪֪ͨô
ȱҶǫʥϻ޵ΪβͬһȰɣ
ɾǰԶԣҲǺһ»ʮʥŻ˵İɡҶǫʧЦȣɾֺαˡ̬أҶǫǰѡСˡ˻ȥ
˵ģȿɼöˣǰȫǣһһţǧֻѼǽл˵ӢģȻû˵
˵˵»ôʥˣʮϡʵ
ҶǫǱ߽ò⣬ҲûʲôʵЩż״̬ҪȻǰһʼܻضȿʼ»ʵİ
ʼŮ볯𳯳˳ʼ߽𳯳ǵķ缲ѸѹסһȻϳ̶̼ʱڷƿãǴӴԺ»ʲôʵʩҲͼܿտλ»ʡ
桢ϡκδϢĻᡣ
Ҷǫ˿뽲ʮ־Ķǣ·Լйۿ̡
շԭֻǸƫź˵Сֻ̫࣬ȵǻԼһָ󣬲֪ôͻȻ»ʿ۵˶ʵûʲôϡ
ҶǫķŻЩ쿴ƷִԿǸӿ硣
ҶǫĻûκλɣϾ»ʾôɲˣڻҶǫеĸ˲ΰΪڳֻշ֪ЭһӣԼ»ʺԥЩټѡĸ
Щˣ϶Ǳµĸ
շʮֵȷš
ڵǻ֮ǰѾźһУȻʼݱһλǰ»ʵ뷨еġ
շһ˾򱱺ҶǫĻҲ˼
ҲҶǫ˵ˡ
򱱺ӱپȷʵǾΣθ߼ӵĻͲᱻжȥȨ׳ʱڱҪھˡ
»ִ򱱺Ȼ£򱱺Ȼޱֵ֧ģ϶ĳǱϵģʼĥǰĳ̸Щʲô˼Ҫѹ»ʣ»ܻʵ۰ɣ
ɾԲУ
Щ˹ȻһؽթȻڻѧǰˣ
С°ΪԼ»һ򱱺ȵЩΡ
ߣϵͳ˶ˣ[˵Ǹʵ𣿺ÿ°]
[]ȳ˼˼룬̵Ӧ[ԣңҾôţ١]
ǱȱãȱҪҲһ
ҶǫһĲɿǺãͬ˵£򱱺Ѿ˵ĺܲˣǼֱһһ£
ⶼ˲Ű
ҶǫļֺǺǵ˵˵Ĳѵ»ʿô͸̨ʲôţ
֮ǰѾҽܹҶǫ
--------------------


13 
Ҷǫҽһ飬ûǾ»֮ԼͬˣŻҪʶ
˵ɹ˰
»λʥȻֻһ˿䣬ҶǫҲ»ʲôģǶʵοʥϵأ
ҶǫȻշ򱱺ע⣬Ҳܺλôġ
˵
ô룿ǵȻôôôˡ
⻰Ȼ֪ܵЩ˵ڵģҪ˵˵ûҶǫһһԼôŨҵ˾϶û취֪.ʿǰʲôĻ
ظҶǫĻҲ̫ûˣȫһ򣺡Ҷ»ûʲô뷨ֻǴЩдµѡ
⻰Ҷǫüͷ
⻰»ʲûʲôص˵Ѱκһ˶ûʲôЩ»ʵҲġ
Ҷǫɨ۸ȶˣһλ߿һλΪῴЩᣬԼʱ򿪿ھûſڣҶǫλ̫ࡣ
壿ҶǫھЩҵˣϵ׵ףûĸϵġ
ҶǫǰѾʶ»ųˡ
㲻ʲôҲΪ»ʵǻ˺̫ܶ๬ŮЩ˲ٱ¹˸ӶȥˣϾ˲ܼʶҲҲãһʹܹģЩ¹ģųҵĻΧͺܴˡ
ûעҶǫı飬ȫû뵽ԼղײҪˣڼԼĻ˵ЩڳźȰǸģ»ܹõ˵ЩأΪǷǾ»ܹǲãЩ˵Ǹ»ġ
˵ЩģϣԼķܹʶҪһټ
ȶܿ£ҶǫȻҲܿó᲻֪ԼһЩżԭأϾ»ǳɹˣƾؿЩȻǿȥƿ»ʧܣǻҪǸټô붼»ʶѴ𰸡
ɡ
ȫģܶҲֻǲЩΪµһ˴кܶҲǺһ뷨Ҷǫ
ҲкȻ֮ʵϱտڶ鲻κۣ氲ѧʶҲֻЩĬ߲ôǵͻᱻ߹ЮҶǫҪұ׶ԵЩ
ûжҶǫĻʲôأЩûûбʲд˵ҪǱȻָָΧЩ¶Χۣܶ˵ʲôȺǡ
Ҫ˵ҲԣҪȥˡ
ҲҪ˵ǵĶɷξȥˣôȥˣΪʲôûм
Ϊʲô˿ǹǮ
ΪʲôũŬȴûԼĵأ
Ϊʲôô࣬ʲôʱŻͷ
ǲ֪ԼҪ˵Щ˵ЩΪһֱģһ͹ȥˣȥǾ͹ȥˣ汲ˡ
ǶԵӦ𣿡
ǽ˰ǷۣΪ˹ô࣬ǲҪĻ˶Ϊǽأд¥Ӽ˵ϷȨš
˵šιƽ¡Ҫεʲô£
ǿ£˻Ȩ󣿡
Ҫ٣ʲô٣
أԺӶѻȸ򱱺շһӿΧӰӰ´˳ЩƶǻԼô֣ԭѾľͻȻ˶
ҶǫһһЩоԼ˶ܵϴ
һֱĶԼˣҪȥı磬ͱֻе˲
ҶǫзŹâȵ·𿴵ɶ׷ʵӦô
ЩĪεؿٽţ޲ñݸԭʧҶǫѯʺװģػصϲһ·ֻҪߵöˣȻ·ˡ˵꣬ҶǫȻ˼ʱȹҲûлع򱱺շ
Ҫ·ˣڱӰ
ȵƶǹĿ뿪ϵͳȵԴɻʣ[ղʲô]Ŀһ㶼
[ȻǸũ֮˲Ű]ȺѵĻظţ[ڻпһԪ谣ҪȻûĻֵ֧ս඼Ǻܿ챻ɱ]
[ЩƶΪǻȥɱռ˵طԱ˴ůˣûȥ׾ڳѹ·ֱ]
[ʱͺҪһѧʶۼĻ˸ָһԼ]
ϵͳתһݿ⣬ɻ[ɰΪǺһĺù]
[ôǾԲῪƾٵġ]ȼᶨ˵ֻҪЩ˾Ͳ٣[ҵõģЩǣѹʮ겻ƾٺ]
[Ҹ۳϶Ҫʮģ]
[ҪΪǾͱضȨ׼浰ôһ飬Ȩǳȥô³Щ˼õ˾ټҲǧټƱѹȥ]
[ЩбҪıҵǿǰ;ҲͰһһ·]
[ǲõʧܡ]
[Ϊʵۣõİ֡]
ĳ췴ƷԼģκʵ̫ˣżˣǷ
췴£Ȼǵ
򱱺뿪ǸƾɵԺ䣬ȳ
ڡ򱱺ʮ֣عӦʱ»ѾһСһλۻʡ
ѽ˵ЩɢȥҪκ˵֡
ǣ¡
--------------------
лҪ˵
ȣ֮ȴ


14 
֪ԴȥЩֻܵҪˡ˭ôأÿϵͳɨʱ򶼻ж
ڸôǿһֱﻹôеû¸ɵļһڣǰæһͺܲ˰ɡ
ԭҪȥЩԺӣȻͲ׼ȥˡ
Ѿ˵һĻûȤظһΡ
˿ʱѾ磬⾩ȤĵطѾһ飬ȿûдò͡
û㹻ζϣ˶ûгֵʱʹʳ˵ǿڹȥģĲ¥ƹûаȤ
ȫͻػʹ򱱺Լ˼»ʵС
»ҪȥĻ򱱺ҲԳƵϵʥˣԹûٹʥ˶Լеп̻Ȼǿʥ´ͬ⼴򱱺ģҲ֪Щ
˲Դ˸е»Ե򱱺ȥнͬľٴ롣
򱱺˵޲ùڴЩʱ򣬸ȫ»ʱԣ򱱺Ǵȥ»Žκܺġ
򱱺ǵ»Ǿ䡪Ҫκ˵֡
򱱺֪Ϊʲô»ҪҪ˼˺һҲ⣬Ҷǫ˵Щ»볯򱱺ȫܲİӿ
򱱺ֻÿ϶»϶˼ڵġ
µ뷨ȻѰ󼰵ġƲסʹϧ򱱺̾
۳ȥЩֻǺ޲ðݹ£Լ֮ǡ»ѾÓЩʥѾΪЩۣȫȫһؾˡ
򱱺Լ˾ߵļκԼݣȥϢɢȥ
ЩҲʮֻȥ£ȻȵǱȥС֮У׼ϢʱǾ㵵ط֣ѾڸͷС֮Ծ˵ٶƽ֮䴫ˣѹͲҪʲô顣
ڲ¥ƹá»ʵʱ򣬶ûȡ
ϾѹûʸЩ¥ƹݵΧ»ʺͳôڳԲ߻ȥ£˭أ
֮ĻСơ֡
յ򱱺ֿʼһָп֪ȼ֮Ūαװ
һ޵ķ籩Ϣţʱ˿ⳡһȺ壬Ҷǫ֮ȫһ֪ʲôʱܿЩĳ˵ҪĻǰһݱӡ
Ƿƾλѡȫˣȥǳ͢λõĹԱȥЩҪ볯Ůӡ
»ʸ
ĳǵɫȴûΪ»ʴ˾ٱúÿ
£һλͻأĹԱŶ룬˵̲סָԪϲԪϲҾ֪»ʵˣ
ͻȻյָֻ֣̿ȫ֪ʲôֱĳλĹԱӵݸغʲô
ضԴҲãȻţԼҲ֪
ʲô£ǸƷ£ᶼ»ʱ¶֪ʲôӣ»
Ȼ»ָȥ˾ũ䣬ֱӷɵ˴Ʒλá
ôܣ
˸оƮãȫûаʵʸС
˾ʶſҪΪԼ⣬ȻҪôԼͣҲ֪Ӧô˵
Ϊʵ̫Լ֪ˡ
󳼱ʮֿأļѣµְλʵǺҪģػǹ˾ģͨʮС˽صѶϢļ˶ȷϺŸһҪλõȻҵ˾ܵ
󳼾ټģĥؼ֮꣬Ϳȥ˭Ȼͼذ
»Ʊ磬۷ڣûʹȥʱڻɣǱ߿ְǲظ»ṩġ
˼״Ͻָ˳ͬʱҲû˴ȫȻԽλľԽãȻΪص˵»ûа㽻ڣָ췢ôϡ
ͷǻЩġ
صĽΨһ»ǰϺŵģֻʱйϹһӡ
Ͼǹ˾ģִĸ˵ǹܼЧ˵ĵط»ʵǻҪдһЩŽع̩񰲵Ļű¸Ա»ʵİʹӵһ´Ҷкúӡ
ʵϳ»ʵǻ֮⣬ÿʱҲҪһƵӡ
ϾûɶӣǻͦϲģһǰϹ׼һѵĹԱģڻʵǰ¶¶ˢˢӡ֡
ҲǱˡ
ڴǿȫȻĿİͰ͵ȫûаѼأĳֲͷӿ
Ǳ»ʵİ׻µһֿܡ
æҲ˹ÿһ˶һȻûгʲôϣȫ⼸ϹЩ˽޻֮ûʲôʵӵĹԱ
ڳĳʼˡ
»ЭͱˣǱʾ˳߲̬
Ǻεȡεȡϳ˵ػ
һĬǷӱʹѡ
Ϊ»ʻ˻֪˼ƴҲͬ佫ǱߵĽ飬ȵϻλġ
ˣѵҪ
»ʿ϶Ѿڵˡ
ʮλԱ»δķ黹ӡԺ֮У»ʣǾ»һֱε顣
»ʮֿѳϵĹԱЩֻԴȥ߻Щ»ʲŮӡ
Ϊ֮ܶһĴۿɾˡ
۳ʵ۶»Ѿˣ۵Ľɽɾֻܿˣ۸ʲôĴۣǱҪһλʵ۵ǻ
ڳгǶֻвĿú
Ӳǲ֪Ҫֲֻ꣬һˡ
ݱ޸ĺӾ׫дٴεݽǩָ³Ϊ֡
ںµλӣԼһЩۡĹŮͻأյ֪ͨǵҪԵĸλϱȥ
ͬʱһдźЩֵĲϣĳλ÷Ĵȥ
ӦǱѶϢͻȻӵϵͳϢ
[ˡ]
ȶϵͳѶϢӦ£æ̫ȥλǴõģˣʲôʵ۵ĶǶ׵ġϢȲ𾪵ضϵͳʵ[ʲôˣ]
֪ģϾԼʱ򲻿ɱͻ˽⵽λλߣݵõܣֻꡣ
Ӧ˵Զֻˡ
[ĳǱҪ췴飬źԼˡ]ϵͳ
ȣ
֪ۼҵ˶ܴƤһſȹȳͬλ壬
ǳ˳飬ûס⼸λĶ췴ĳ[Щһ췴췴ҾأôҪٴۼҵģ췴뿪۵ǲܶ]
ԽԽ
ôö˶˵һôûˣЩ˴ۼ췴ɹ²۵ģҲһû
ЩĳǷҧ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ĳѾˡ
ȣĳǷ
ĳЩһľĬˡ
-
ҽͷ+գҰ裺϶һֱյġ
ȥҽԺҽ
ң


15 
һֱųԼҲͬǸײʣǰλĸѪ׶̫˳۵ĻʵǱ߶ûǸвÿһۡ
ˣСսսػŵġ
Ϊһͨ׶ۼԼѪߵûϢҲܻ᲻ôսս
һֱȴ΢Щ⡣
ΪȴûжۼйκιעȻһû¾ͽǵʹ
Ƣǹ˻ǳŲˬҲֻȥ̷͢ûʵʩӷ·ˣ΢
ĺǳӵʱ߸׼Լһѣǻ壬С΢޸ĸǺѵõ£Ȼϲʱ򿴵Ĳϡ
ȻɱѪףɾǾЩ˻ı
˭ۼȥûйƵأ
Щû֤ݵȻʶɱοˣôпܻԼüνʱЩѪǣԼʹȥ
ЩȫɵۣͲϵҲûϵķչ˸Ӵ͡
̫ܿҽȣֻϧӻʵҲ͹˶̶ӵʱ䣬ûȫʱϵͳѾϢȣѹȲ̫ҽǰ
Ҽ̫ҽʱϵˣʱҽƼҲܾȵû
תͷλãĬԡ
˺һӣȲŶϵͳţ[ͳҪɱˡ]
ı飬ʶֻ̣ǵ̻
ȵǰ취ŹЩˣ׵ֺ޹أ
[Ҫܶܶ˵ġ]ϵͳŬʵ[ºûʲôϵ]
[֪]һʼϵͳ˵ҪʱŻôɴľܾ
ֻһ΢Щͨ˶ѣǺܳصģеСϵͳץ֮ǰҲͬͬ⣬ֱӰ˻ܽ
Ȼܴǿǿ
ϵͳȷߺš
춯ܿѲ߶ӵĹעʧȥ֮Ȼķʧغͱ˸ɸӡ
ı
ϢȻһʱ䴫ὫǱȥķӦѸ٣ʹϣҲٽ˹״̬˵Ľܵơ
ϴȥԼץıԱὫǵһʱʹȥ»ʻ㱨
ıֻʹ̫๬Ůһ󾪻ţշ𼸸ʱǰ»ھιһ¡
Ѿͨϵͳ֪ȻʲôţЩƣ̨ѾΪ䱸ֵֹͣʦǣô˵˵һ׻Ŀ
ʦȻΥΧı꣬սսϲӡ
⻶ֵı£ƫͷ۱صĽὫ£˵ȻȥЩıԱ϶ʲô򣬲˻š
ҪȥвȥģǸŮҲܾûмˡԼģǼλӶʮִ꣬ǹӶͯˣһЩܲ벹һµġ
ȻԼˡ
⼸ӵ֮Ĺϵָʵ̫ǿˣ
黹׵ɡ
ȶıܽὫҲǵóͬĽۣΪ»ʵĽһЩݵ󹤳̻Ҫġ
ֻҲЩɻ
λ»ǰô𣿲λ׵ֺܿȻΪǺӳǿˡ
»׼ŵȥŮὫȻ˵ģֻԼŮȥǰ»ЩܽܣǶ˵£ŮͨīҲֻһ־أҪЦ
ȶŽὫҲºͣ£ҲֻҲһʵĲãȻǻ
ҲҲһ޸Ƿôٺ»͹˵棬ҲûסԼĵķꡣ
Ὣһݣ»ѾıЩͼıˣԼϢҲǲһüĿʱԼЩͷһ飬ٶ˵ʲô˶ȥ
ıץ̶˳Ͼ˭Ҳû뵽ΪǵĴУֻҪû£ôͬͬ⣬ı϶ζᱻͱȥġ
ƫƫ¾ͺ»һһзչô⧲ѹûʱʲô֤ݣô׾ٱ
Ѻߵļĳаʹޡ
ҪҴ۰
--------------------


16 
֪ὫǱߵ׺˵ʲôλǶû˵ҪȣҪһ鼮һҹ࿴ڶӵȥʡΪܵѣȴЩ˲û̫ע
ھٳһŻңΪıЩ»ָҪɵģǺЩٳٲԸ뾩ĹԱҲ˳¶ˡ
ĹԱ֮п۳ıģһЩΪЩ˹ϵΪܵģҲǱߴһһֵĻʡһ롣
ֽܶҪŵĳٺЩŮһָȥģŲ㣬Ҳûоҵĳ档ʡˣɶһ㶼û٣ÿطĶҪָӵȸطĸҲжϡ
ı鵽һнôʱûô죿
żѹӣ䱩
ѰɣŮӣŮôˣʶ𣿻֪۸ʲôλֻҪ֪ʡǾһͷ¿ڴʱ˿̶ҪǸɻ
ǽŰҪ֣һʼȷʵЩͷתģ΢Щ˺󣬷֡Ҳ
Щ׼Ҫ˵ĹŮǿɶܹĹģҪôܣԼļױҪôһЩׯճӯЩ廨ŵĶǶǻġ
ЩĻҲûбμҸӣܶദ취оѭҲúμһҪȥǸʲô˼һаչƶɣ˵񻹸Щ
ڻִǮԼĲ֮У͸һ۾ܿһЩϳʹĳļ۸񲻺߷Щġ
Ůְ֮ǰǧҪú£ǧܳü˶ҪꡣǿǺԥͰЩϳʵļȦȫ˻ȥ
Сһ˶ԣȷʵǲ´ҿЩŮӵĿͲôһˡ
˵Ŀʮֵظӣ·ʲô߸֪һŮӵĿǴĽԼѾֵĹԼɵҲûôˡ
ӻǱߵıҪɼҪרҵ֪ʶа
ѾԼоһЩԼٺСμҵĲһˣ岻ͬ˵ܵؿʼ
ʡǱһͷʮ󣬵ֺλȫµĻʵʲôϵ˭Ӱ࣬ҲɻȹڽὫʰ÷ѵˣʳǾȾĥżȥ
йһγȾûʹҲûʲôȫģ绹Ǻܴӵġ
㲻ӣ־ǸСûõҲУ˵û취½Ǳ߾Ǿ𴲵һһȺĻûʲô⡣
շȻǲʱͲǸֹ»ʵˣֻȰ˾䡮̫ΣգӦΪءȲȫ˵ڶΡ
ϾγԭҪȥһǸӣǺġ
ֻշȡ»ʰڼݹȥ
̴ŻôҲ΢˽óǿöࡣ
ҲûоܾϾۼһѪмλȵ۵ǰ֮Ǵʱ˿̶ڸԵսսۼһСҲǿԡıġ
ôĹȥ¶СϧǻӰλСѵġ
ֻǰֻ洩ЩʵݺڽɫƵıͷҪ˱ϻسʱҪ΢ЩƽΣҪҶǫ˴ġ
ʵʼǶշ˵Ҫʱ˴ģ·ķ㣬ǹҲô·Ըʵ۴
ʵ˵շҪʱѾ˺ŨҵĲԤУԵԼ·ﻻͯĴ磬Ŀ⡣
ֻûշκθ˵
ѾҪһʲô£Լôݵһơ
ʱ»Ǽܳע⣬Ǽһ·ߵ󣬾˶˿
û취Ȼۼǰ漸λʵѪʵ̫ʹˣ»˵֮ǰû󣬵һֻ֮ǰȺĳĿ⣬ʱأ
ȥҲȷʵ޵øǣ̬ȡ
ӵ»ʵǼܣ³ϻ̳Ͽ֣һ·С»ǰãʲôٶȵĲǣȲŷòõʮּ򵥣ȫһλү
üͷһ壬Χϵİɫ٣Ҳûѵ⣬Ժѯ´۳ɥף֪ȻλүδʮزۣһҪӼֻ⡣
Ǹĵ֣˿ҲһˣǸɴԼ޻ϥֻһӣǲ⺢һ˹¹µġ
ּǰǰᡣ
޴лЩҲһ˰ɡ
ڿʹԼб޻˼룬һֱ׼ܶ亢ͯԼຢͯߣȴһЩЩȾûʹԺ󶼲ܻõˡ
ȵĿͣ˿û˻ۼλ»ǰ˵أĳô»¿ν֪οͲΪЩĻмһȺ˹ڵظȸж㡣
ֳѾܶˣԼζϰߡ
е̫ദһЩˣת뿪涼еʵĵطȺܸɴͷŵĻʵ۱һֱӻȥ
շֻðԼŵ̫Ҳ˼λȫûаΣʶĻʵۡ
ҪȥԼ֮ǰҶǫǸԺӣЩҶǫƶôֻǱ߻һξʱշͷС·϶˺ܶƶһ
һֱŵշЩСţ£ǰͷЩԡ
Ҳͣ˽Ų۲£Һϵͳȷ֪˵ԺѾЩ˵µƶΧסˡ
Щˣ޲ʲôˣʲôĵء
˽ͷԼĴ㣬ֿȵǺ׳µģ־ţЩƼݵƶǴʲʲôв־ֵĻǻٻЩ쾪㤵ģȾΪ˴룬ûǾô
򱱺ȻôЧʵͨѶķ⽨ʱѶϢҪüأ治о̵ġҲǳǳظ佫Ǵһ˾
Ȼշ˸ƶװһװӡ
λƶű鲻ͣתͷԺ˺ܶ࣬շ˼öͭǮ˶ɾк£Сʲôɶ
ͺʣЩ˶ߣʲô£շʵ
ƶշЩ֣ǵײҲûʲôʶټʲôУɤƵĶûȥʲôշһ˵ľʱ͸оһˡ
ɾǻ֪λ˴Ͻ䵽˵أ˼ѣ˵ӦˡλƶɰͰ͵ؽţѵʱ˵ݵ˵˳мŲ֪˭ӽȥʲôö֣Ҫǰ࡯߰Ļϲû̫ƫ
λƶſ˱տˣ·Ѿ߻ħģȫ˵
򱱺⴫ԵЧȷʵǺܸߣ⴫ǲӦ÷˼һ¡
Ҫ췴ǻ𣬶׼Ҫܹ̻𰡣
߳ܵ껰æշ뿪ԶǸطŭضշԹ˾䣺򱱺ôϢ
Ǳ̫ʥˡշ̾Żص
շԺܶ˵лȫǣշϵΪ˵ʮȷǱôĵطأ
շ̾ȴûоøˣ̾Ϣʥ
շ˵ĻʥΪ֪ǻʵۡ
Ǿ˵ĻʥΪҴһ
ǵʱҴźһķװ˵Щǻ˵ʥԻǸЦ
շסȵĻ˼룬ϵı𽥳Ĭȥ
ȿշЦЦ˸վ飬ɥĵطȥ룬ʵûݸշ
΢΢죬׼˵һ丧οĻȴշᶨʮƶض˵
Ҳǻʥԣ
ǲЦģʱôЦǷҲӳǵ
շǵȵʱ˵ЩʱԼԵģԼĸдԲ»Եʡ
ȴ㵵ؿշ˲̫ܲĸڣշһηҡ
⻰շʶ׼ҪЦ֣շ£ֹĶ
ûʲôõģϰɡ
--------------------


17 
ȥ֮ǰǸƾɵԺӣҲû׼ȥѡȥ֮ǰûȥЩסԺӡ
֮ǰԺӱЩסĵط࣬ԺӵΧǽҲиһ˸ߣѰƲԺͷģǿס˵ӡ
ǽȻûʲôЧֻҪ΢ЩͷҲԱСԺ˵
ı¹ʣЩǵǽصط֮Ѿû˭Ǳ»ʵ£˵ЩѾȷıĳǡ
ȻҪѹһ飬ֻҪһͿˣӹͨá
һף⼸ԺӷΧȻǺעĿģȵģͦڵġ
˶ٶЩɫģܿ˴ȴʵɾѰסģԺӻһ䷿ӿš
ǣҶҶǫסںδȳʵ
ҶǫƲƲ죬̬䵭ָָ˸طסǱߡ
ȵԺǱߣͬԺȣû˵ҶǫھʲôѣҶǫʱ߶߶ţ˵Լˡ
ȵȷʵǸˣҲܲµģֱӴȥҶǫסǫһȥˣ֪ʲôʱϢɡ
ˣʣɾôƺ
뵽ԼһѾˣ϶ǲã˸ԣ֡
ͬԺԼ£Ҳ˵Լ֣Ѯ˵ֶʵֺ͹ǫǾʶ
Ҳ·Ƽʶ־Ȥ㻥֡ȻȥǸ
ѮҲûʲôֵģ;ҶǫǼһʶˣڻסһ첻ϸ¡
ȵΪֹԣѮһԺӵշƵóöͷ΢΢ţǱ߾һܺõװƷ
Ѯ˼ҵҲûշ̶ȵġ
ǫĺáѮ˳ȵĻҶǫѧ·ˣÓЩˣǵ͹Ƽ˾ˣչС£ǫһֱЩ飬ܻررˣҲƲЩܿ࣬ҲЩ˵ܼ¡
˵ܼʵҲҪѴѵʱȥŪģ˵ЩʱǸԸȥ鼮׫дʫʸ踳Բ
ֻЩѮȻǲ˵ģֻҶǫ
Щ鹲ǫѾˣȡãҲԴʱ䣬Щǹǫд£ǫĲɺܺдͦȤģǸȤҲãֻҪõģϵĶҶĻǫ
ѮȽܵĺϸҶΧҶǫģʵģ࿴˷Ѯۡ
Ŀ󣬷ѮЩɻ󣺡ֿɻ󣿡
ҡҡͷ£ֻԼֵ
ѮȻָָӵǽ棺ԺЩƫͷ⣬ûʲôûйȥôˡ
һʼѮҲῴ߶ֹ鲻ģ˼ҲͲʲôˣܻȥɡ
˳ŷѮֿ˹ȥþ˳Ŵ͸ǽϵƿ׿ԼҡŵĲݱꡣ
ȣÿһγܿ¾ϲ
Ѯȱû֨ȲûʲôҪҲû׼˵˾䡮¿ԻҡܸɴػԼȥˡ
ȰջԼĿ⣬ʱŴªӡ
һʮƽӣֻͷԼң鷿͸ֹܶţȻɿòͶط
˿ǰܣ˱Ҷǫд顣
[ⱾдҶڲָѧʱļš]ϵͳչɨҪܽ[׷桭]
ûϵͳ꣬ȾѾһʵշѾϵӵϣϵ[ͳҷŸ]
[á]ϵͳл˳
ЩʲôģŬѧϰӦЩҪ췴Ҫȥġ
ҶǫʱѾҪˣǱˣ·϶ǻҳͷǻʱ£Щȫڴ֮ǰⷢͻжҡ
ѮסڱȽϿԺŵλãҶǫһʱƼˣҶǫп˵ģҶǫˣǫȥˣ
ûֻǺǱԺ졣ҶǫܺõػӦ֮ĳҪЩԹЩƶǣҶǫߺšˡһЩ˿ȵľͼҪմմǾͳӡ
ʲôĳѮֹ˾䣬ڶҪѮæҶǫ˸գһиˣĺܣҪץסᣬ˵ʡȱ˵Ľָõټȥأ
Ѯôһ˵ҶǫȫûӦ

ôд
ҶǫãȻţܵؿʼžӿʼݣŷѮʵ˵ĸ
û˵ԡ
Ҷǫľ
ԣ˼
ƣҲǹ˼
ϣҲ΢һ㡣
--------------------


18 
Ҷǫô룬¹ڵĶϸ˺ܶ࣬Լ¸ÓˣֱӴӷѮߴ˼ϡ
ͷ㡣ҶǫͷҲصضŷѮ˵طѮͼӰˡ
ôѮֹ˾䡣
ϣĴ𣿷Ѯš
ⱾһСԺӣкЩӶѣҶǫӷѮǱ߳û߼·ԼӸȻֵЦ
Ҷǫ
ɻҶǫߵԼſڣƼűƺд飬ϺԶЦ⡣
дʲôЦҶǫ£ȫûκصӡ
ڿʲôҶǫֱʵ
ȡû
ѾϰԼڿƵʱΧһЩûʲôϵı֣Ϸࡢʦߣ
շҲѾϰˣᳶȵ·
յѵ΢΢̧ͷŷҶǫˣϵͳƵˣվɽǣҶǫЦŵ٩һΪҪزˡ
ϵͳϵģʼȥǸԺӾΪλҶǫ
ЦĻҶǫĿⲻЩԹ⻰˼ʵҲȥǸƾԺӣֻǿֱûйҶǫﶼڻصЩƶǶšˡƺ
תһ룬ڷ֮Ҫôϵλ˼ġơأû뵽ơҲǶһ뷨ֱӾ͹ˡ
һ룬ҶǫֿǵԹԺ˳ض˵ҰѴҵѶˡ
ǱߵǷǮûԺˣͬ
ͷǱ߹ˣҲ⳥˵Ū˶⣬ʮһˡ
ɴ
Ҷǫһһ˵ţһʮͣģͷЩ漰ǮƵĻģм˱ץȥ¥ݵģҪ۰ָĳƶģĿġ
Щշ̲ס亹ĿƲð»ԸֻǾҪ޴Ĳˡ
ʵͦ򶨵ġ
ЩһЩ̿дЩӰӾҲб֣ʱʱҲԾڰ
ֻǻ֪ˣǺܾúܾǰѾıʱ£ЩȴڽУҪЩİ취ʷѾ˴𰸣ǾǶȫ½һͷβĸĸ
֪鲻λʵ˵һѵһ档
ĸﴥϲײ㣬ĳҲ佫
ЩʥĻ˵˵ܸжһ¾ͺˣӺΪ֮ΪᡱԼ֮ϣԼ֮סϵ¶ڸȰţû˭
ĳ뻻һʵ۲ף佫ȴǲУʱĻλˣ˸ۼСȥ۳Ȼ־ꡭ
ǿ̫ˡ
ֻһĻ֡
뷨Ҳܺ˵Ͼ˵ҪЩİ취췴ЩƶգЩ˵Ļشֻһ
û°ɣ
ҶǫʮӵʱŰԼռѶϢϣΪ۵Ķ鷸Ƶ֮ҲҶǫ󣬶⾩鷸Ƶһÿһ󶼻ǿĿɽҶǫһĺܱ⡣
ҶǫռѶϢҲֻٲ֣ѡƾԺơˡƶǻģܶ˻ûԣҲкֻܶǸ񻰹£кܶƶѡš˱ӡ岢Ը⶯
ⲻΪڳԲӵ£άķʽ
ܹԺӵЩƶѾЩһˡ
ҶǫģҲûԼоЩѱ󲢲ǵһ¼ѣһ¼ܽЩѹһʲĻڸﴣЩ¼档
ҶǫûΪ֮գĿεؿȣļʲô취
Ҷǫʾ䣬ȴȫƶ
ΪֱܿӶѵȣ϶Ѿ˽Щָܸһվȥһ뿪ٳĵ
ҶǫĿ֮УҲӦ÷ǳɴࣺ
ЩͳͳץĶȫˣ
ģˡ
Ϊаеģˡ
ﲻɾӰյģˡ
͹ٸģͳͳˡ
Ҷǫ˵ЩûͣЪ˵취ҲˡҲûдͣЪġ
Ҷǫ
ûкڿЦҶǫʮε˵
̧ͷҶǫҲ棺ҲûкڿЦ
ЩǵѾЩ˳ȥˣҪ³ô򵥵¡
ͺñЩסԺǣҪƾ٣ȻһеȨǿాʮ꿴ϣ
ʱãһֽ£ܸıʵ𣿡
ȻŸղŷѮҶǫĻЩͻжرݣ΢΢ҡҡͷֻѡҡβʾԼжá
ûбѡУǶʶдửζܻ쵽ڷԣ·
ǲһûб˵ֻܱûӦûõĶйģû˵·
ЩľͽûܵģҪüסǣǲŻȥѧ԰á˵ЦЦ˵㲻һֱƳ»»ջȨõķѵ𣿡
֮ǰ˵İ취̫ˣνֻйܽ
ЩƶѾûʲôʧȥˡ
ǵĻױ𣬾ڹ˿ˣȥЩʲ߼Ӷͻʮˡ
ŽŽȫ˶Щߵ󡣡
ûֱ˵Ƿһ˼ͺȷ
췴ɣ
Ȼ֪ڳ˶⣬ʾ˼㵽˽֪Щɹĵط¶ڹ֮޴ΣЩ̰Ǿ䡣
˵Ϳˡ
[Ǽ£Ҫ蹫Ļٱ϶ǻģ˫ȻͻҵʱȰѾؾȸųȥһЩҪǮҪɿһ£һֺһͻͻ᲻òʼ]
[ʱڻʹһЩУ۾]
Ѿд˽һ׾籾мЩƫȾ֮·췴ġ졯ϲ̫ѡ
ŽŽҶǫţһ뷨𽥳͡
ˣҶǫȫϲõشţһǰץȵ֣ǫʵңҪϵӦȥδ
շƼҶǫʱˣһǰҶǫֺݺקݵ񣡣
ҶǫʱŷԼڼˣæȵǸ
ȵʲô뵽ԼܽÓҲǳ죬ҶǫҪϵӦôϾҲ֪췴Ľš
˵ϵͳϵͳֻռϢЩҪ˽⣬ϵͳа׳վȫûʲôá
ϵͳԴ㣬ʲôҪԼá
ҶҪϵңǱŵɣͳдԼɡôͣҶǫھ꣬һŵ·ȫûС
Ҷǫ龪ȣȫû뵽ȻǱйϵ
Ͼʡ﹤ǿĩģҶǫȵļƶϣôҲļڹ
ҶǫܿͷӦ˹ʡڵķæ̶ȣȻܳСԺ컹ûżȥֻǸʶ԰æתˡ
Ҷǫ⾪ﵽƷʵĻЦЦҶǫգգۣԣҲ˵һˡ
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лҪ˵
һЩıԭ£
ͳԷ£ǻ滭廨£ݲȣʱáܽũ.˶챨桷
ŽһпŽڽʷľ顷
߿ܻᱻгͲעˣӦö֪ġ
-
ʵĻɱѪȣ߸дͯ£󣩣Ͼǩ


19 
Ȼصʹշȥ󹬣Ǹ˸ţŹԵģ͵շ⡣
ĳŮ볯ְⷽλˣЩСУһЩõľͻȥԲĻȥλӶ佫Ůչ˵˼ʵȥЩȻȴǸȥ˹Իλ֮໥Ӧ
ȲûжԴ˶ʲô˳Щǵ˼׼ˡ
ϾǶչˣֻλŮӺһվڷ˼ϣǻʵҲںԿȫν˿δء
ڵϵϵģҲûбҪرȥƲϵ΢λŮӰæʲô¡
ٿ»ʰôҲݡ
շܿȥˣȻܿ˾ͻˣʾǻûлعڹǱ£ҪʱҲϰ˵Żع
ϰһӰడҡϢûʲôĵţʾǻתǾС
֮ʲôʱûйעڶ𴲺շѰ˸ʱת£ż˵ģһһҪб¡
˵΢Щ档
մ¡̲ʷ̨󣬴󲿷ȥĹԱǲûɣҪվշҪ˵ǰᣬв볯ΪٵŮӼˣϣЩԱؾְܹЩŮ빬ͬס
ȣ
ⲻǲȥϰһôǾѾͱ˹ϵôˣǴ˼ټô
[ͳô£]ʺš
[Եȡ]ϵͳ˺һӲǿ˸Ȼظ[ûҵκϢŮڽ̵λô£ϵܺá]
ǵĸΪ佫ƷҲߣȥֻ߰ƷңὫΪͬλ˻ʵۣΪͬλŵ˴ӶˮǴλá
ǳƲʲôƷߵСҲûôӣûʲôʲôġͬλ֮ͬλǱ߸ۡҲֻôˣûʲô˵ˡ
ǿԳƵһ㾭ҲǴǰסʹԼִֿʼôŮ̫࣬һжš
ʵΪ㹻Եûôλ֣ﵹҲûиʲô̫ӵĹЩ˵ѶȵģŮֵÿЩƼ˺Ȼʹ˰֣һȥȻϤ
ȻˣѣܼȻҲҪȥġ
ЩǴδŮӵйҹϲʣǲǶаʲôġ
ʱʵûнʲôڵģǰĻʵۻйѸʺģҲûٹŮݷ£Ů¡Ůѵһģʱû⡣
οЩŮ볯ɾǻʵѡ¹ǲǳɣ֮ڳΪٵŮӻŻʵŮ˵塣
ϵͳϢ˼ºҲûʲôϵȥ󹬣Щǰô˭ȥ涼νģȱӦ
ϵͳȷҶǫʲô֪Ȱ˵һΪƶźǳЦЦ
ҶǫҵһԸΪƽնԿȨײġ
Ҳ˵ٴЩҪõټ˵ȫûʲôϣˣδȡʿ鶨ĹԱҲܻܿʹӡ
ϾԹ޵һ޵ڶƾĿǰûִй꣬йԱҪһ²ûôѡ
Ҷǫߣվֻš
ܶһ˽ҲǼܺõ£ϾҶǫһ˵޵ģһ˰æôӰķΧͻӹ
ʵҶǫѰ²ûôѡ
ѾסھߺЩˣЩʶֵ˾ô࣬Ⱥھһȴ󣬸ôҶǫ϶˽ġ
緽ѮһЩĳܺãҪܰﶼһѣ֮ǰȹǸȨѡҲǶҶǫѡԼȥ֡
ҶǫϷѮֻǰƶܹһЩ˵˵ѮͶûô˼ܹˡ
ЩһȨǣҶǫȻǲȥ໰ЩҶǫһûзЩڼѧʣʲô¶ҪǵļһҶǫûзŹ
֪вһҶǫҵЩʵ붼ͬæ
ЩʶЩ»Լǰ;Ӱ죬Ҷǫ֮ǰǸͨȨǵĲƾˣЩƶҲûа취ͨŬϴȥ
˵Ǻӵѧʲû취ҵ۽磬´ƵİѿأĿⲻС
Ҳ˵ЩƶǶƦӣ͵ˣ׾̰ԲŻƶ࣬ʵãǺ̰ڵѲӣڿѧϰԲгд
˵֪֪ףͬӵһӰıȡ֬࣬ºӵܸ涼ңҲһټ
Ҳ˵ƶǶǻĻҶЩ̫ˣǶץû£¾̫ƽˡ
鲢һѵ£ʱжιθС
һЩСֲҳЩڵĹԸͷǿʼҲͶ̶̼ʱѾ滮ϣܿǰÿһλǰȥ߷ãƽǺĲƽ¶¼
ոϣ۵ʱҶǫ˾ԩġ


20 
Ҷԩ븮˿ýϣӭЩ͢۽䱸ǣҶǫվڸߴľǰţ·ܹ͸
Ҷǫһǰվʮλ
ЩҲҶǫȫ
ԩһһ˳ЩƶǾͽǰֵöЩƶҲǿֶǻץסǿѺЩѹǵĺ
žŻŴӸҶǫ뽫кһ״ֽ߸߾ٹͷʮ븮˽ϣ
ϣͷһƶ
ϣ
˵ӭ̲סºһʶִҶǫϽӹǺ״״дı֣ʱ˰
ҶǫľɫôֻҪӹȥôھɲӦˡ
ȻͬϣõһʱĹԱǹעȶ֮ǰıϣûдԹ˲Ͼ״̬гǴ˾һֲ
ʵʱ䲢õʱ
Ҷǫ뷨֮УõʱʵЩȥĳĹǼĹԱһߣ͹ġ
ʱһȨʱ򣬰ķЩȨҲȫһ飬ʱһȨǿ϶ŻŶԷʱȡ档
˵ǹҧ
ʱǻԩĻǳɹġ
Ȼ߹ΪԼߵǼλǺѻ£涪ûھҶǫԤܶ뿪
Լ¼Щԩ˲ЩԩʵҲҶǫЩйҪ
ҶǫǼס˵Ǹݡ˿򣬿Ž£ԼĪʮˡ
ʮҲ˶ԩҪͬʼʱǸ̯һаƶֵû̫಻ͨڻǾ
ʼЩǲûоҪжӴ
ǼƻȺһ죬ɵˡ
죬˵İҲ죬иȷϹǷ˵ѻ߿ʵԼЩƶĿҪˣûǿ޶Եģʱ޿̲ˣǰҲǻȥ취ŪЩʳǻȥ
ָ¹ʶԤƵٶȡԭڲ¶ڹһקһĪҲʼæŪǰߵ顣
ռϺ󣬼ҶǫסԺ̱һأȫûʲôġ
ǫѮţΪʲô飬дĲһ
ѮأкüӦŭŵҲǣÿ죡ÿ죡ȫԺٵĻҪЩҶЩ鵽ʲôð
ЩǵĻջ𣬿״̬ȴǱ֮ǰͷȴͷʱöˣ·ҵԼĿͼֵ
ӢһǰԼҪƾ¸𣿡ЦЦźȻͰ
ƾٰҪɺ󣬾ͺûйϵˡ
ɵĻǵҲֵˣ
ҶǫЦŸЩһһһţ͵ҪЩ۸˵ļһﶼ£ǶЩļһŵķһ𣬸ȥѼ֤ݡ
ٶ̫ˣǶѾ뿪ǲŰЩ״ãɾֻһᣬҪץʱ䣡ҶǫһߴţЩ˴ӵ罩ʬһ֨֨
Ҷǫ˵һᣬıӽ᰸֮ǰ
ڳ׽᰸һЩסĳԱͻʡͷѹӷæ״̬»ָǾͻ׷־Ŭ޵ж
ǳ͢ˣͷ׶ֱѹȥĻ鶼Ӱ
Ҷǫ⻰ҲٴζҶǫȷϵȷõĽ᰸ʱ׼ȷɣ
ģȻ׼ȷҶǫǳƶ֮ǰЩǵ뾩ʱ䲻ȷϹв׼ȷ𣿡
ʵ㬣ﵣģȻǺܿɿġ
ȻЩѾʼ¸ɻǿʼʲôʱܼһ
ҼѮֺǺǵ˵ԼĻ
ҶǫЩʱȻûٺģط˵ǱȽϺģϾǱ߸ǺܶطĹ̽죬ҪĶ඼ģٶ磬ðæͷŻûġ
иҶǫֵǣѯλİλСǱŵλˣԷôʶԸ˵ӡ
λС˵⵱Ȼǲ˵£ɺԼæˣôҲ벻Լ˽ͨ
⹬ͷ˾ǲĻıְλֻǲˣֻҧԼʲô֪Ǹŵġ
ԷԸ͸¶ҶǫȻǲǿѴЩѣɻд
ʼʱҶǫûõģֻΪ׫д쾭ʱѡ
ҶǫΪƶ飬Ҳ֮ͬһʵӦðȸ˦ԼΪȨ׼ʺϲҲһ
ȻԷͻ˺ܶ취ԼЩγɵԭԼܶҪ鱨
һϵͳ˵ʲô£ЩصĳҪʲôʱ鱨ϵͳȥͺܼ򵥣ֻа취ͽ˵˵΢ѵ㡣
ϵͳƹһѵϿ⣬һܲĵʷϱ飬ɷ˼շд̻Ǻ˵ġ
ǸƫƫҪдʷģܲ
Ҷǫյźж˺ü飬Щžͱȹˡ
ʮ˭ҶǫǰѴдȥģôһȫûʲôë
ʼҶǫȰ˵ǲʱ򣬾˵Щλ˵ģееλĺЩȫһ١
Щﲻ˲٣޲ҸȥȻžʹӡ취Ŀԡҵ˼ͻȻ󵽡úã˷ת䡣
Ȼȸϵݣʹ۳ʵų·ЩʵҲȫǾŰ˵ݾ
ЩҲǲ˼Ĺߣȱıһһ˷ʥͣôָģɡ
Щ΢覴òЩжĳݺ
϶һλ԰ףϬ͸ЦŭңÓߡ
ڷѮ˵ԷòʲôģǾλ˧ߣ
հ߶ǵޣͷţǸƬﻹкЩƶǲԸ֤
ΪЩĥĥ󵱹ٵģһЧôߣ
ʮʱһıЧʼѵˣ˭ڻλϵ»λĳǲĻᶯֵĺأЩĹԱǰ㲻ĥ䡣
Щ˵ȴƲϺ£ֻüӿŲĥ˺úü˫ЬӣŬռЩ֤
ʵһգյ֪ͨǱѾϣʼд׼Ҫ빬ʱҶǫҲûаٷְٰ鶼ꡣ
Ҳȫ׷ڴʱ󣬱ЩÿյĹٲǷֱˡ
ǹϰѱһˤһ˵õķֹһ˴д״ȥ棬һȥƶһʱЩȫץѺȥǰ
жѸݵ˭ûзӦյȵżƾһĻܹʱһʱûС
ŭغȫ忪˷·°ľǣڻʹ֮еȶźԶһȺЦ
ȻӺ˺Щ죬ջŬָ֮¿Ļˡ
ΪҶǫЩ£ЩƶƶԸվһԿٸͷ˺ü
ǺõģǽҿĻˣǰ˺ЩɣѾЩǲȥ룬þڵѲȶ½˺üȼûʲôȥעЩ̫Ҫƶ
ھֻʣάּѲߵʿ
Կ
ֻҪ򵽻ʹϾÓ۸ͷҶǫϣλæ۸ʹӹ
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21 
뵽ԼܿͿˣҲסˣվۣշߣдЩճɹ
շԼдݣкЩǣһһ䶼ΪЩƶǾۼһĲ
Сʱշǵò࣬ǵԼ游ĸѹ·ϣȺӵЩҡ
£治ȫκ»ʳԼʵľշȵĵҲ΢ЩЩѾԲ˵ˡ
ģûгʳǣȥǽϿšֲɵھſڶѾµˮйͨʱȥ϶ʲôûпʳǵĳǽȴǿ԰ͷϾʳֲԶҲõͻȻһЩϳץʲô߳ܵġˡ
˭ûע⵽ʲôʱ߸ߵĻʳǳǽ϶˼ˣͷľͷ״
дľͷСٷһСٷ˺ЩһȫľẠ̊́Щֺ̻;Щ߹ٴǧ˿Ƶϵ
ϵĲһҡ
֮ÿһ״ûһöԸġ
ʱ˿Щ״òöԸεġ
̧ͷĿԽҶǫЩЩƶѺסЩˣвϤףЩ״̻ңҲһЩƽﾭڽδ߹竡
ЩƶϵķŭЩ״дʵģкܶί²ݣһжθƹٸһǲǾﲻ޾͸ҽҸͶֱ췴ˣ
зŭ
ǰôˣ϶ǼۿԶԸģǾ۵
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رľӿ϶ѾõϢֻҪϵЩǹЩ޴ƶȻǻһ
˾﷭Ĺļ״˻ȥؿҶǫص˺֣ɢȥ
ˣ˷ϵӣõݽ״ҵԹҪߣڴͶ״кκ֣Ҷǫ
Ҷǫһ仰˻ƿԡ
ΪʵҶǫ˵һжڹ֮Уֻ˭Ҳûһ֮ڼôϹôġ
ȫҶǫеһԿۣ֪Щı˵ġ
ЩصļһɱЩʲôϰѲ
ﰵ˾䣬ɫ䣺˶״бδھͲǲǵҲһһϦɵģǾۼڴ˴Ҳ壬״ȻⱾѾˣɢȥһ顣
⻰ҶǫЦˡ
Ѿµô˵ˣĵȹٸȥ̽϶֪ҪȶãҲδػȵҪĽǲŻỨôռ֤ݡ
λҲдǳƲ϶మӣҲмֹ֮ģߵ˵δܵõЩϴȴҲܵõһʲǮΪԷǺȥߵڰף˵ԩ棬һٰӡ
ҪĲһʲͿˣҶǫҪǴӴԺЩǲ¡
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ҶǫÿԶԼžҡα꣬ȻѲߵѾ˲ԣѾʼϹˡ
˿˵˵ύ֤ȷ٣Ȼ۵飬ϰԩ֮˽һ֮ԣ
Ǳ߶ҵ壬ҵȱȻķڷ˶ԴǡҶǫԥĻصҲ˵˲ǲȷҵȾ֤٣ǲԸ⿪ֹͥ壿
ԶԣŵȴرԭʼĿģҶǫһһ֮ﵽˡ
ˣԵƶǵһʱ俴˸Ϲرǣš
һ˾ۼƶһңܿͱάǴ侲ס׷Ѱ͵ģµģ
ٶģģǴţҴȺ˳࣬˱ͦصЩҵǣĿᶨؿǰ첽Ƕǡ
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Щлη壬˿ŵȴٸ
Ϊŭзߡвƽ
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ж֮ǰһֱǧݣȫ
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ǾȵĵطԭİЩȥĲ顣
ЩȥܿµĹٱǣú
ȥ˶ξξҲԼϱһ·ֱֱ˽Ὣ
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˽󣬽Ὣܿ˾ߣٴȥֻҪЩԲ²䣬ôǾֻάԩǾ飬ûϵùܡ
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ˣ뿪ͥҶǫ
ջԼԶĿ⣬ЩӵؿҶǫ
䲻֪ǰӦԾΰŵģҶǫóԸǾģὫеľֹӡ
Ϊǽо˵ǶԵģǿԲýģʤҪġ
ôˣʱܻᷢвʳǰΣὫֻע˭ʲô䡯
ֺοڴˣǣ㣬֮ģ֮ҪھԴ̾Ϣ
Ҷǫ˶ײӣھл͵ģһƳΪǿȨ緢ſ϶½ɶֺ̲סʼϧ
Ҷ󱾾һ鲼£پ޷Դȥ԰ҲɡɷӦΪΪȴδҪΪȨΪҲΪҶǫشʮ̹Ȼ
Ҫӣ˴ʹ˾ҵȴ󺰽֮¿ɻҶǫܸɴس˴Ƥ˿ͥ
ͥȫҶǫ˼ǸŴ
Űٴѻȸɫ΢䣬ȴסɲӦ֮ͥ¡
˶͢źڣԼϹٷ˿ηվš
ڴӾųʱ򿴵ǰĳѾ֪ԼδⲻǱְ³ڼȻǸǾͻų͢
ԾӲҲûɿڣҶǫҲЩû뵽ģ˼˵ĻЩݣջžʵΪг͢͢ĪǲΪ°հسطҵ󲻹ˡ
ǳ͢ǽԩ֮ϣǷ̫ӣ
ˣõٺ»ǰһſֵģϵǰһһ֯ģ̿ҲǰŪġ
⸮˵͢źڣ
Уֻг͢𣿡
ǰЩǣٿԶЩ²ƶǣһ˫˫ѯĿ⣬·ֱֱ͸˾ࡣ

˱ۣĬá
ˡվھҲûסž
عͷЩεĿ⡣
ǰĳֻҪл֪ڣû˭Ϊݡ
乫ڣ
վһֻ֣Щˣ
ã


22 
˸һ, ѹֱӸᵽ˾ſڣֱӶڿáʱ򾩶ѾõǱ߸Ϣ
Ǿάֹ
˿, Ҳ˵Լ̾Ϣ˿
һ, Թͷ״澩ͷСϣ״ϵĻ˫
߹ƶʮˣԴԼ֤קŻڽĻ֤, ѺŽеĹߵǰ档
, ״йûǮ, ߲͵, ָʹƶҵȽбŹ衢ţ²ֱ۶ϲзϡϱȥֹ, , 
ǽ̵˵ʱ˵꣬˫ֲͳԼе֤Լ֤ǩֻѺ֤ʣ롢Ϲٲģ
Թ״йɱҸ缰
ѺȥĹ»¶ڴ򶶣ڽƽռԼȹϵͿĸ˲˳۾ͺݺ۸һ٣ڽＸʮ˻, û˭κε
˭뵽ͻȻֱΧǽУ˵Ӧͽͷס, һЩͷϵĹº͵ҵȫץ
Ⱥ˹ɷ޲Ѫӡ
Ѻ⾩ſڣŭƶˮ, Щ˻źЩŭ˱һɿĳˮû, ôѡ
ʱλ²źȻʶһֱЩƶŷǾȻôֲһȫһֻצ˶ɵĹ
ȵʱλѾŵ־壬ȥͷ˵ԺҲˡŹҰɡǮкܶܶǮĻ
˵ҲûٷѲҪĿ࣬͵ϵ֤һѯЩͬŰӱ֤˵Ļǡ
˳£û˸ðű˺Σȥ˵ѣȥάѾҪ군ˡ
գ֤֤ʶûǣû˷ʱ䣬еͷйɣ޶зʮ˲ʮթǧ࡭ŹµУоݴɷӦնʾڣ
ԭ־̫ѵĹоʱһ飬ͻȻͼžԩСﲻǲҪǮҶУϷǮҶ
ҪźҲУǶȥҲңץҪѺȥ֮еĹ˻ߡ
״ЩƶǶΪһ˫˫Ŀȫ°ţȵת˸Ǳȥˣʶˣʶдˣʶܶ˵ģ㲻ɱң
ûںĻƽ¾ľ£һ
һʲôĽֵ±Ѻı˶ȻǲٺǸһȥװɵ̨ȥȽŷҲʼΪԼΪƱ磬ݺǱ˵ΪԼֻǸӷ֮Ļ
ȻҶǫЩռ֤ܳ㣬ûЩʲôƱأܿڲ˵ƱĻһʼһĻ޺űϷ롣
һһһֱҹδͣ٣ЩˮͼԼѾȫɳƵš
ŸΪƶҲҶǫĳЩĲ̣һȰ˸ϢƬЩʳ
ȴǾܾˣζżֳЦЦˣˣٻֵܼסǱȥˣ֮˿ɾͲһ˭ˡ
ҶǫȻ
һ۸߾ٵĻУһеľľ峺ּĬĬΧξޱлš
Щ˿Լϻ·ʼ̻о˼ʼòһˡ
һЩԼĸۡžŽὫҶǫЩ֪ߵ͹Żļȴ֮Լۡҳȥ˳ҲץĴϸϸԼ״ܵ˵
ⳡʷһֱڶ죬ִ¶Ĩ⣬Щͳȥ״ǿ龪ľ
ã
ȺƶԭѺŵЩ߹һȫص˸֮Уáţ·ûлعھʲô
˺һӲ˿˿ԼտյѾû֤Ҳûѹŷ˵֣ӰӰ´µĿ
˰
ԭ¶Щƶ˵Ҳйİ
ʰ׼°ڻڣεǼű˺ϲõԵؿһվ˲ػ˻֣˵ǽȥɣӦǡ
ΧϢ۲ⳡ־硯˿ž뿪˿
ڽˣⳡ粨ûвǡ
漴𾩶һնֵһ󵨺
ȥˣȥˡ
ǸԼ
ȻҶǫǣһвûнֻһʼ
ھ¹ϺЩƶİȴûɢȥҶǫߵԭǫ̃뻺̧ͷȴҶǫķԡ
֪ҶǫҪʲô
Ҷǫվ̨ϣ˿ܣǰǣҲиԶЩطİǣоཨԼֵһЩӰ
˶¿ԼҶǫȴýţǺЦλǣʤˣǵԩǵõƽϢˡ
Ҷ֪ⲻǽ
ǰίڱˣԺЩίҲ
СģӦԶŽһЩƵν¡ν๤ҲԸǣ
ҶǫȥһֱעߵĽὫ⻰䱸΢΢ۣѾץסԼĳϣڽҶǫĻĶЩƶǷѡ
ԴЭͬᣬȫе͹̯ǵũǶԼЭͬᣬΪЭͬһԱ
ҵ֮³֣ЭͬؽͬһӦеĻر
ҶǫأƶǵԼͨ˫ۣĳ·ȭͷԼȫźţ
Эͬر֮
ر֮
ڳǽЩֿƲס΢΢ţСضϵͳʵ[ͳ־]
ϵͳĬ󣬲ŶȻظ[־˵kڻûɶ¡]
ϵͳظȲųس˿˷[ǾͺãһıҶǫǸһ㣬۳Ҫˡ]
Ȼһ˵㲻ʲôôʡ
ҧ˼⣬ҶǫЩһôͻȻˣǶûкԼ˵
ǽϷȺƶûкͻʱȾѾ֪εıˣѹʹ˺һǿʵ
Ѿ˷ĳǵڣıʧҲǵһˡ
ǽ鲻һ
дôţһһ⣬ôѯôʣôĽȥȺһȥоȥ𣬽Ǹ㹤Ȼһֶûк
ȥ.ģ
ԼļǳСϺݺݵذҶǫд档
̫ˣ
ȲǨŭҶǫǨŭϵͳϵͳ֣[ͳ㶢Ǳ߲ҪôҪŪ飬㶼ûм]
ϵͳϳϿҿҵضȽ͵[ÿɨʱû˵ЩҲûֽϡ]
ֻǸ޹СȱԴϵͳĿǰ24СʱɨķΧҲֻάһҡ
ϵͳ˳
һ
ˣҲǵһ֪ϵͳһﲻס
ȻŵˣȷʵǽЩǺܶණΪ̵ʱ£ǹǴûġ
ϾĿָ췴ģ̵ȫ岻
ϣȫҪȽ̣ȫȫѧɲţǾôžߴһ֮ôƶìܾûˣ
ûˣ
ĿڣԼĸζۡ
ĳǶǷ佫һиȨҪʵ֣ΨһָЩƶҲʼҪƽˡ
֮Ҫ˭췴
УΪʲôὫǱ߿ҾȻûзӦֻάİ
ⲻѧô
ʼýὫ϶ѹһҲһ뷨ΪλὫӣ
Ȱ˼⣬ΪʲôὫ侲סˣֻܵóһۣЩƶǲηֻ󹫵ΪжλὫ
һдף
[ͳ͸¶һ£ʷͬλôġ]ʮضϵͳʵ֮ǰΪԼԵģԼ̫ˡ
[ԭĻҾҲŬˣúƽʮ꣬ǺúŬɡ]ȺȻ;ʮҲûʲôõģֻҪ۳Ͳ᳤ꡣ
ϵͳôήң뻹Ǹһ[Ǹص壬Ȼطͬλ屩Ű޵ûЭƷ˴ۣһξսڡ]
ǳ׻˹[˵ͶˣĶǷȫ췴ָûõģҵҪָЩ̾ڵطĴǣ]
ȿųǽµĳҲ
ųΣȸԾĳĿ
շߣҪȥЩЭͬᣡ˵
շھ滹ƲϰȫĵطƶǲŸɢȥ˳ˮ㣬ǸշҲܿȥ
Ȼĳɹģ
һжͬ»ʱϡ
ԼдЩĿȵЩգԺ󶼲۸շҲؼһ.ҹûȥ˯շȴǾԼʮֵĿܡ
շԼ֮ǰԿɶҵǷݵǣʼնôȻ·֪ȫµ»ʣԽԼǳȻһ»ʱµıϡ
ԭշԼ»ʵĳ羴ѾǴﵽˣڲŷԭлܸߡ
ûס»ʾ֮кüշͻȻعԣӦҪȰ˵²Ҫţ
շһѾԹ߳һξ룬æ첽ȥغ£ȵȣ·ûл
Żʵ۷εȻǲȥֻۻԼ޵֮иûջصԼ޵׼·յὫѶϢ
Ȼλ֪Լû¾͵ȥ飬Ȼֻƺ·ýὫ
ʳڵķҲɽὫģ»ʵϻʳǳǽûãڻʳǳǽֵصŽ͸æϢ˽Ὣ˽»ʱѾ֪ǰµ£ὫЩƶɢȥΣ֮ȻٶͣһʱǰʹҪ
ὫȻǲ˵Ϊ»ʰѾڵʿǰųȥ˴룬Գб£ֻܰƶ񼯾Ƴ͢Լͷϡ
δб³бЩ˷ңѹΪ˱ɸĻң²ߡὫأΪԼÓ֪˾賯͢ǣ
˽ὫĻʱʶԭûͻԭȻԼ
*&^%%
ȲûбסԼϵıðһ໰
Լ죬ȰЩŽὫ˵뽫޹أڴ˵½Ϊѡ񣬵ͣ
賯֮͢뽫޹أЩ鷸С֮Ҵ۳ǣӽ£Ȼ֮֮ԩЩֱ֮ӶԴʶ
շȻ
¡շӦ
ȥտᣡЩһʱȥô޽ͣճ˭˭ȫ
ǣ£շ¡
ὫԭѾԼȥְ׼ˣûбȻ»ʼνʱĸж
ΪƱѾϰԸĲ¼ɣȫû뵽ʧְ黹Ϊ»ƫ̻շ뿪л¶䣬ʿǻؾű׽Ҷ󣬽ҵЭͬᵷ١
Ҫ»ʱչʾԼ
ȣ
ɶ
ȫûиʱ˼άˣæֹˡ
Эͬ޾мȤζǰò޻ɹ˹Ͻ빬ΪáȰڳһг˵
Ὣ̫Ҫʲô֪Լñ֮鶼ᣬܻȥʲôɵΪҪֺὫͷʣȴҲʮָɾӦ
շ˳ȥѶʱ򣬽ὫѾ뿪ȥ°žڷһȥĵʱ䣬Ȼ·ȥʱѾˡ
һȴӻʹȥо龰Ѿײһˡ
һ·мС̯ǻнֱߵһЩõĻСǣ·϶ĽӲľȫ˿ƲסʵЦݡ
ͻȻ
ǹȥһѵɫأһɹӣƺһʱ֮ײȻߵһ
ȾǰĳȤġ
Ҳֻ֪һʱĶѡ
ϵͳٴȷҶǫڵλãԼԴζɴȻ˹ȥ
û취˭Ҷǫڵλ֮ǰǸ̵ƶѧֵԺأǵԼǸط˸顣
Ҳˣǿɾ̫߳ˣ
ԲҪϳ
һȹȥû˵ĹעϾطǿ̫ģͬһɴҵҲ
һЩǲԸ¶浫æ
Щ඼ŸɴݣȻǱˡ
ֻȱȺܿͱ֪ȥɻˡ
ǿ̫æˣ
ЭͬȻҪǼЩԸˡ
ʼȥſ˾ЭͬһԱʵȥ֮ǰѾǼˣһаˣкܶη壬ÿ϶ܳµûв롣
ƽȱЭͬġ
ʵǺ飬Ҷǫȡû֮Ҳûǿǡ
ҶǫЩ֯жʤֻһЩƶץЩʱͻѪ֮⣬ûʲôʧ
˰Ǽġ
İǲǷƶ֪࣬ЭͬṫճԱ󣬱ӻԾһʱ֮ҪæǼԱȱȾôץ׳
ǻµ
ǱȻǵģ
˿ԼǰǿβĵǼǳϰͯշһѹԴϵɴҿշԴϣϰշˡ
ˣǴ򹤸¡
շһ±ƵؿеıʣȫûзӦʲôȻعŤͷѾȫӰ
ǡݡɾQAQ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ǱôݰܵģҪģշչκϵһһϣһҲôϣ
Ȼûһ򣬵ϻһ


23 
շһ, ûþͷǱȺ֮е֮һ˸ơ˸š
շ˿ȥ»ʺ˼, ܿ;Լ˼
ձµķԸͶˣ
շäĿ
ԼɴҵȴûԼĵ, ϺԼ˵ˡ
ϾܵҶǫݵȻˣѾǼڲᣬס⸽һڶ߰æά, æýŲմ˭ں˭˭
Ⱦôһ·ϼûܵʲô谭Ժ, ϵͳָܿҵҶǫڵ, ߵյš
ʱڵļ˶˾, ڿЭͬˣѾ˵, ʱǲ˴ǵġ
˭˸סߵ
֪Լ˵˵, ȻҲǻпһЩȫ⡣
ͷЩΪѧҲϴģѧײͬʱҲһʮֳ棬ʱǾۼһﲢô顣
ңԡȵõϵͳ֪ͨȻóȻŽȥźʵʵԼġ
ȵʱɫͲ, Ҫγ
ǵ㲻֮еķ԰׵ߣд˵ȼʶҲ϶ٹ˶֮, ſʣȻúܡ
Ǵδκ˱¶Ĵڣ˭֪˻ð䣡
ͷŭ, ΨҶǫվˣ첽ſڴš
˲ɻ
Ҷǫѹûע⵽ʲôӦ, ʮ־ϲؿȣôˣ
ĿȴԽҶǫЩǵġ¡档
彣Ҳˣôô󿳵ģƮݵһ㶼ƥ䰡
Ⱥ󾱷Ĩ˰ѲڵĺϴòʵЦ̤ڣҶǫԼǰŵûΪҪ˵ľ㤸С
˵ҾǽЭͬᡣ
Ҷǫûﲻ̫ԵĲ죬ϵЦڼȫƲס·ѾǱߵõ˼һ΢΢ͦʮڴض˵
ǵģǰиǵĽ̵ѧȥˣǸľϲûйڴ
Ҳ㱵طӦ˹ùԱ˶Сӣݺ´.Ȳ˵ԼǰĲǻþ
ûȫҶǫĻܵؿʼҶǫʼӦͣǳҹǸҵ
ҶǫЩǿǶװƶǾۼӮ˾ǽܽƶǱѹ£֪ܲڸǵĽ̵ȴûصݡ
ųɿĹ۲Ϳ飬ȷǷг˽⵽Ⱥ֮УǷʸΪͬߡ
ϵĿЩѧ·ϣľɲ֪ж٣ԺͼʶǶ˵׵ģҲǳģϾͲ֣һϣûС
ʣ²һɵĿ㣬΢΢жϴ
һ㣬Ϊʵ̤뵽ƶ֮У̽ѰѵλǶû
ʵ֪仰ǿΨһǰĻΪ
ô֮ǰǵָ򶼺ȷǰϣܹһֵĴһǺߣҲ֤Լˮƽǲֻķ
ھǰ֤Լʱˣ
Ȼûü˵ʲôƼôһȺ˰Χӵϯλ£һ˷ܵغ˵ǶЭܹͬеĹ˼޲ðƤǰЭͬΪ㶼ȱһѡ
ʲôǸĳһ仰õ˵ʵ۲˽⣬ľ
߻ʮֻѼڳֵȣ
ǵĻѾûˣֻЩ˳֡
ǾǰԼ˵ҪЭͬᣬʱ¼϶췴ΪֵԼҲ⣬ֻϲԼʰһĳ̯ӣϵͳԼؼҡ
Ѿ֪Щ֮ûж˵ԭڡ
ֻ˵ԼΪЩīسɹ棬ʷ־ķ£н̵ȺǲӦŷ壬ȴûмǵͬʱҪ̵ЩһҲҪ塣
ĲﶼǿӰ
ҭ
ЩǶ˵ôݣҲûôȥ
׼ȷ˵һʼŬܿͷˡ
һҲˣ߰˸һһ໥죬ƨ
ȼ˰ӺûԥһԽϵͳϵͳЩܹ֯ͼ
ϵͳչԼǿɿģ˻ڽϵͳѾڻϽͬĸ£ϵͳǰļܹͼЭͬĿͺˡ
ȿϻǲοڴ۳õ֯ṹٸݹǵʵЩûҪĲɾһЩ˼沢͵
Щϣ볯ΪȻѾЩо͸ˣȱϵͳǱóִһЩ֯ļܹͼ໹ͦģеĹЭͬѾ߱ˣҲû׼ⷽʲô
óִĶδػʺ⽨Ӧ⽨ĹܹȲԼܹҵõϡ
˭뵽ԼһС⽨ʱֶ
ȻŪŪˣҲָȺ˸ĹʲôףҪǾһ㣬Ųú۳ĹҲ֮²οϸһյҲǺ¡
˺ˣ°ɡȴϵͳǱѾ˽֮󣬾ͺԼΧŵѼǸϻȥԵλϡ
ǰȺԱ˵ǣޱ棬˵Эͬṹ⣬ǽѾ˼ܳˣⷽ沢Ҫ˵ʲô
ҽҪ˵ģЭͬάתʽ⡣
֪ĿǰЭͬ߶δнάֻеĻѡʵЭм¼ʹõֽűīԼҾƷȫЩǻԼ
ѡڳüͷӼ˵ΪӦҪʲôѣЩȡʲôЩƶһڷԲôǮ
ܵӦһҲû˵ǲԵġ
֮ǰЩԸһƴźģЩڲȷЭͬδһʱԸ룬ֵ֧֮⣬δЭͬǸЩԱǴ˺ЩŶ˼ҪЩˣһǮҲʮǮҲãʻӦҪ֧
ЭͬǴҵģһЩ˳һЩ˳е˷գҲӦø
⻰ƿԣǿԸΪЭͬḶǲȥҵĿ
֮ӦǣЭͬ᲻ӦЩ˵ĸάַչһҲˣµеĽάסЭͬ𣿡ȶЩ˷ʵ
Լʱ֧ĽǮ鶼̫ÿɡ
ҪЩ˽ɻѣǮҲС˵ԼǮÿġ
šȿ϶㣬ҪЭͬԼάתĻѡ
֮Ծôƶ͹ǣϾǹûôλҪЩ͹ֱֱָ⣬ԼЭͬǻкܶ͹Ҳ
ЭͬҪܹάתĻѣЩ͹Ҫȡ汨Ĺȫһ
Эͬ͹ǽԼĹ
ЭͬĴߣǲЭͬˣӦýǵ໴뿪ǵӤ׶ҪǳΪЭ֧ͬ
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24 
ҶǫЩ˿վæƶ߳һ, վЩ׷ĺƶ׷ǲһġ
Ҫѧ볯, һֱЭ֮ͬС
ЩҲ뵽, ʱҲûа취ȥЭͬǿ϶Ҫģںһȥȥ
ЭͬǶܽҲбѵˡ
⻰һֱص˼·
ЭͬύȷʵǸܲ뷨, ô, ôֽЭͬҲҪǺǡ
ǰĬĬؼ, ʣҪҪʲôӣЭͬû㹻ʽ, ǮҪ
ǮȻǴΪʵǾԼеϵġ
ϾЩǴһ, ˰, ĽǮЩһһλģóЩûʲôӦõġ
ʳʼǮұṩӣ˸
ͷӻǺֵǮģϵͳߵԼȴԽǰǸʱʮǮңִĻʮ򽨳һ̨豸ۣڹŴһ貢ûôǮ, ҪĵǮƻ͹ϡ
ǮҲǲṩѾ㹻輸Сάֳڵת, ʱѾ㹻ӯάתĽǮ˹̰֮⣬û壬һﶼǸոպġ
ڲӯ
Ȳû᲻ӯ, Ͼһֱ׼ù˳ɹģҶ, вӯ¡
Щŵض˵ôǮʹʹã
ͷҲǰ׳ģҪ󡣡ȿǰЩ˵Ǯе֧빫
ҲǮЭͬʽһ룬ṫͰڷЭͬſڣκ˲ġ
˵ˣʵȵĻ˼ָЩƶˡ
ڳ΢¶Ҫ壬ලָܵ
ʽΪãҲǷǳҪģȻȳǮ̫ãЭֽͬ׶ûа취ȥܾ
Ǽ̬ȼҲûٶΪٶȰ˵ʲôֻҪ󹫿˲Ҳһ⡣
ȻٺòˣЩǲʶҪô졣⻰Ҷǫ˵ģ̵Щƶʶֵġ
ΪЩƶѧĺ棬ŬôãҲֻǼѧ˲ࡣôѧȺҶǫʱ򣬾ͲֻôһƶԺϰˡ
ЩҲƶǲ֪ϰֺ֮ǰѧȻηġ
ȶҶǫ⻰Ҳûɶ⣬ΪʱǶϵãֱд϶дһȱٱʻֳ
ں̶ܴϴٽĻѧϰƽ
мһȫȨѳֵѧϰ·ûлߵʱȫû壬οЩƶҪҲǼ֡
ҪҲǻС
ûʲôȰָõˡ
ܼ򵥣ֻʶĻͼͺáҪ˱ʺֽҶǫдһʮ⼸ȻЩԱ֣߱һЩϻ˶Ӧߡ
ˣȻһҳֽд˾žų˷ԼӼ˳ʽ
ȫдϣȱȺǿʼѧѧⲢûʲôѶȣϾЩҲѧ˵Ƕ黹ģӹӼ㲿Ϳ֪ѧǱѧĿĿģֻҪʶһ¶ӦּŴ˼ѡ
žų˷ԭҲսʱеġžų˷ݻΪֱۣ֮Ƕֺûʲôġ
ѧֻѧʽ϶໨һЩʱ䡣
ʱõ̺ʵģⲢûʲôõģϾδҲܴĢҪ̵ƶǵĳɱЩߣʽֱڵֻһС
ЩǰȴŻ˰Сʱʱ䣬ҲЩȫˣǹİôԺЭͬ˾Ͱͼ
ЩʾͼһŴдãЭͬڵǽϣԱǲοѧϰ
дƷݣҲʾͼʲôֶӦʲôƷͼҪʾͼҵӦȾûҪͼָˡ
ϾָӵƷͼɰ㲻дּ򵥣һдǸ껭֣¼ʲôޱͷۣ˻ֱдָ֣ҲܳƶǿˣҲȥʶһЩ֡
˵ЩǱ㿪ʼ໥ĿԣھһַĻȥ̵ЩƶѧʶȷʵǿԺܸߣΪάЭͬתǲòȫԱתԵõ⡣
ֻҪ͹ѧЩ֣ȫԽǵĹ
͹ǲдƷ㲢ʲô⣡
ΪʱûжٶЭͬÿʽҲͬС죬ȫԲ͹дֱֽǱ߶Ƹӡˢִͼһ㶨Ҫʲô˵ʲôͼʾЩӸڵ͹ֻҪܰŪͿԣ
ûв.ЩǵۣϾʱʵоⷽϣȷʵǲЩˡ
ЩţһûþͽһЧʻĨһѺԽļᶨԼԲῪƾ뷨
Ǳĳӡˢ˱Ѿȫûʲô뷨ˡ
֪ЩһôͻȻͰ⹤Ūˡ
ȫֻҪһͿԵȼֱӻİ
ЭͬǮǳˣ֮Ǿִйиʵȥеˣֻص֮ǰǸ
Ҫʲô
ʲôҪ͹ܹӯ˵ǲ֪֪Ϳȥġ
Эֻͬʼʽ𣬺ЩƵķС׼ףȫûа취ȥǾЩʹʲôǶȥֻ֧µķӺܿͻᵹա
ЭͬĿǰ֧Ųһʧܡ
ѵİ취ȻȫƿЩȥһĿǰûеķӳͿԹܵա
Ǽ˼ǱţʵѾ뷨ˡû뷨Ҳڴù
ԽߴͳĶôȶ֪οϵͳһأʲôм¼

ˮ϶Уһۿô죿
ùش֮Ҳܸ㣬ֲʵ̫ˣҲ̫󣬻ҪʺЭͬδ˵Ըһ㵱ݳƷ
Ҳܸ㣬Ǹ¯ʲôģӿ϶㲻Ҳһ¾ܰĹġ
ҩһ͸˵ˣʱʱĻ̫ˣ췴Ӯ
һһųЩʮֲѡĿͣڸ棬ûʲôӹͼһڹ˾Ķʵġ

ⶫǸƷ˻ҪҲỵ䵽ȫڵҶȫû⣬ʮ
Ҳ㹻߰˸ܽһ͹ҵ⡣
ʲôˣ֮ǰǵӡˢ˱ľϲȻǺ֪Щǻ۳ʲôģȻȾЩšʼôʷ񱼶ȥ
ʲôµĹ벻
Ϊ۳׶ʲôеĹȫУЩûĹУ
ϹĹˣ
ЩϷҪѹô죿Ƿѹǲͺˣ
ֻҪϷӸ˸ãѹʲôĻһ˭˭أ
һԴʺţҶǫǱ߱ƱʲôĳʱѾʺˡ
Ŷϵͳʵ[ͳӣ˵ɶ]
[˵һֱݻЧʻҪ߳ķɴ]ϵͳػش[ҶǫصͼأȫС]
--------------------
лҪ˵
ֻŴУڡũ顷֮Уûռ


25 
[Ҳ㡭]ʮ²۵
Ȼ, ϣԼû
ݻһιҵĿ, ţţΪǸʱȫȫдʷϵ, ȲҪϵͳ˵֪Щ
ЦҪô۳ΪĻʵ𣡣
סԼĿˣһôĿڻҶǫھſҪǴΡ
Ρ
Ҳô
ȵҶǫҧгݵ, ԼǺһͣ
ʼôİɣ
Ǹһ
ԤףѾȫӦ־, ȥԺˡ
ŭ˵ҶǫʱЩ, ԭ緢ıС, ˵ʲô𣿡
ûʲôԵģֻǲʺ, óĳ, ôЭͬͻᱻ֯͹ˡȱ侲ظҶǫ˷ĳһ֯ͬʱʮɴҲ˵ʮһ֯ʧȥǵĹᡣ
Ҫ˵ĳֻЭͬãǸҷ֪֯ôѹļ۸ģǾǱȻҲϵġ
ǫ, Դ鱾ҵĳҲԡ
Эͬ᲻ΪЩ͹ǳͷΪʲôʧȥʧȥ˹ķ֯͹ǻô, ҪôЩ
ܻЩķ֯ˣʱǺԵġס
ȺȻһ, ݻʱѸŵʱȨƺͻȨײ, ָδһܵأ
ȻţţǱ߾ܵıݻ֮ǰ¡ⲻҪ
ȵĴؼҵ˼ڻûȫȥϵͳʵ[ͳӣ־Ǳߣ۳ɾƵĹңҾɹ]
ϵͳߴﹾȥˣܿ͵õ˴𸴣[־˵k֪ûʼ㲻ҪԵĻҲԣпԾ]
ȣ[]
˵˭԰
ˣղҲѾҶǫĴĳˡ
ʱһʼͣͣɾͲ˵ˡ
뷨ҶǫãȻ󣬵ʵؽӴײȻҲͨЩƶ֪Щģʮȷ˵ݾδȻᷢ
ɡ
˵ôҶܴѵǲӦõ𣿡Ҷǫ֪ȷ˻ɡ
Ϊߣͽʳļ£ȻӦõˡΪһʳǵгˣޱȿ϶һ㣬ֻƷȻͻЩžĸӹǡ
ǿƾ볯Щֻƾ汲ξټ볯ӹ˾лᱻĶ󡣷ڹǾЩ֮ʲôˡ
ĳȻǸöٲӦڵЭͬСҪٹһЩ꣬ȵǸʱʱ˵⻰ʱ΢΢ԼѾ˳õͼı
˵õͼıҲ˵αװûжЩ˵ѡ
˵ٹһЩָľǵ۳
ʱս׷ɣ˿ʧڶ࣬״Ͳ͹ҲǸȱά֣ƹܴͶĻ׾ٵˡ
ȵһʢִĳѾģͲ˭ֻǵĹᡣ
ܲпᣬȷʵֻʱ׶ֱԵĶɶҵʱ
Ҷǫ⻰ɿȻʮȵġٹЩꡯΪδЩҶܴϺõ룬δ˼Ρ
û˵ʲôɥĻҶǫЦôǰ٩
ϾĵôĴͬС졣Ȳػص
Ҷǫ룬Ҳȷʵˣ仰⣬漴ƼȫûжԹа㷳ӵȣﶯ˶ʵ֮ǰһֱжԹг㣿
Ҷǫ⻰ȻǲȥЩôо
òЩһݻplusһȺȥһȻ˵Эͬ᲻ͱĹҪ󺽺ʱȥѰµĺܸǱһֳѪ
ӷֱ˵˵
ͷûʲôӷǼƵģҲһӣһˮԡ趹ЩЩȥȡЩԲʲôӾġ
ûʲôذȫ˵ˣҪĶҲܼ򵥣֬ʯҡռˮѻȡ
ڼ¼ЩӵȻǺ޹ءȻǲܶʵģдЩҲˣҪдֵĻǲͱ¶Լ֮ǰͨŶշʵ
շڣȺūԼ˳۵Ҷǫ¼Ҷǫ߼ûед꣬΢ɲƲƲ죬˵ʱԼһЩ꣬ŪЩζʱһȥǰڹ·ǳˣʱӻ͵ΪƷ
˺ЩȻͲ·
Ҷǫд꣬ȵĻʱɻ󣺡ӣ
ǸǺѺһֱǸʮֿйҹ
ԣǸͯȻ˵շ֣һһСĴ£֪»ʱֽܹ̫շǲһжס
ȻҲеģշǽϵͳɨʱĵǼǼ¼
շֻȸģ֮ǰʱշֽʢȾòԭҲ֣ʢҲNˣûʲôԥ͸ĳ޵Щ̫๬ŮҲշɫġ
ǰڹ̫ࡣȻҲĲ˵ԻһЩ·뿪Эͬᣬһ뷨ù̫Эͬ¡
ڳǱ㵣ţ¹٣
ЩǶʵںѶԻ¹ʲôøУл¹֮д඼ǼĻʵΪ
㲻˵ЭͬӦЩͿӦðЭͬύ𣿡Ҷǫʾȫ⡣
ȶҶǫʵ̫ĸֲأĸԣ˼ҵĺӻ͵źˣ
뷨Ϊ㡣
Эͬʵ̫СˣƾǣƾЩ͹ɵֻһʱġԶЭͬ˵һԳƤĿɽҲҪڽὫֱӶ˵ȾطЭͬʱʶġ
ûһľӣûһСЭͬû߳췴·ôûװ֯Ǻñ˳ںġ
λǸԸΪģһȴδˡ
ֻʥ¡
˵ĵ˿ΪǵͬˡȶȺǽ˵һĸȨ˼ҵ·۸ˣԸֹôЩ¹ºͻʵ˵˵
ܻ¹ǻ᲻ôֻҪЩ˾ǻͿˣ۸͹Ĵ඼ǹצǣܵвѾ㹻ŲΡ
ǻ¹ǽЭͬ飬ЭָֻͬŸ棬ЭͬҲԵǱ߸һ棬ǿ϶ҲЩ¹һ
㾩Ǳ߲Σʷ̨ҲŹᡣ
ôһ˵ҲеһԭļܹҪһЩЩλÿԽ¹ŪЩҪ͹ԼҪȷ֮ŲڽӹвҪĳͻͺš
ֻǡ
˵¹ΪҪЭͬᣬԻ¹ǲǰٱ׶һ𣿡ҶǫЩס
ôûأͷҶǫЭͬ֯˽ʮΧ¾ţոҶ¾վ͸Ҷ»ʳǣ
ôӴֲ¹ƿصҲ͵Ǳʵ۱ƿ˵
ʵۻ᲻µĻ¹ٺ⣿
ҶǫȻ¶ظоԼִѧЩʲô
--------------------
лҪ˵
Ҷѧˡ
ۣûڽ㣡
-
ûһľӣûһС


26 
Эͬ񱼵ع, ȾԼŬĳ̶ѾˣЩЭͬӦҪôЩ, Ⱦûдۡ
뿪֮ǰ, Ȼٸһ顣
ЭͬշЩ͹ǣǲҪԼҲҪϼһԲͬǶȵ
֮ǰû, ΪҪƶĻ, ʮа.ž֮ǰЩ
ǻǱˡ
ӿӳ, ȥշ, ȻȫûƵֻܴΧһһ˳, ǸɴҶ
ڽշֱӻعѡг˼һ, ȹԼк֪ͨշȻͷҲصػعϢȥˡ
ȾۼھԺ￪ЩʱɢЩ¼Աշڻ˿òӹ˵ݸ伢õҧһ伢ꤵĶ, ƼԶһơ
Ѿعˡ
շ˸ʲôԭѿ
°
ں˯շڼҴʹͷ, ὫصԼЩǣ뻹򱱺
ὫǰҲǱ򱱺ѵ֮űָɵͬλ常׵, ȻЩһġ֪ǰ򱱺빬ͱĹ˵ʱȻźԼ˾ѯһ¡
һڽὫߵ֪Щ̫ɺˡ
»뷨, ϳһȥѡĹŮȫ볯ϣὫѾидˣټһֱϰڷԶ»ǰóرȥѰʲôʲôûʲôǡ
ȻôھʱǸνЭͬἯˣôɵʱ䡣
˵ĻҲͰˣֻԼܣƫ»»˵ĻýὫصԼطȥŶЩԡ
»г·֪д·һ
Ͳòһֵĵط
ὫǳȷżǾر٣ѲرĹǾûаȺƶܹôѸٵļᣬչץѺĹȻʱģ϶Ѿ˺ܳʱĳﱸ滮
ôʱѲ߹УȴûеõκѶϢ
ôģ
ûʵʩѹ˵Ǿر㣬Ѳȫûз쳣ǾȫǽὫʧְ
־عֻҪһķǰԤѲִ⿿Ȼǲֳܷκ
򱱺˽Ὣ
ſǳһһ.ҹ˵ȫǶڹעǱߵĳ򱱺ȻҲ֪
ҶҶǫ
˴жУΨһԼ
򱱺Ȼǵ֣Ҳ׶»ʵʱǸطķԡ
򱱺ʮȷţǴ֮ǰҶǫ˿϶ûҪŪʲôЭͬ¡
̶̶ʮʱ䣬ҶǫӸոսӵָ㵽ڽɼʮ֮֯룬򱱺ǰδ
Ҷǫǰд˵ͣ򱱺֮ǰĬĬš
֮ȷвپټΨߣȴҲĻУԸټʿĴ󳼣ҶǫչʾĲܣȻ볯Ϊٵһ
Ȼָ㡣
˭Ȼ򱱺Ѿ˲²⣬Ὣ˴ǰ˵Щֻ򱱺ӿ϶㡣
ʱѹסٹ٣ȺĳжִȨǲҸ档ϢָҶǫ֯ʮŽһ£ʮþײշδ˴ƶΣ
˵˵Чʣ򱱺̾Ѿ»ʱˡ
½ЭͬҪʲô򱱺˼ţͼȥ˽»ʲõĺͼΰҵҲûѯĽὫ
׳־ҵֻñµĽ棬Ϊնƽһ谭ɡ򱱺ûжԽὫȥ˵λ֪ģоս츳Ϊֱ̫ʣŵҲȱ㡣ھӵĻ֮У֪̫δʲô¡
Ὣ˼󣬹϶򱱺˵үû
򱱺
µģʲôҪ룬Ѳӡ˭˵ʲôùܡ򱱺һ飬ھ秵ĻһߣŽὫΪ˻ŮŮ˶ЩŸɣ㵣ĸɶ
Ը֪֪֪Ͳ֪˴ʲôûУ˸Ϻȡ
Ѳ߳ˣЩѲߵĹѵ£Щ̫ƽˣȫXķ򱱺˵꣬ŭӣһ˶ӡֱʵľ֮С
ôֱ׵˵Ὣˣ򱱺ϲرȭүˣ
ȽὫߺ򱱺ʿʼдԼ˽⵽ѶϢЭͬȦ˸Ȧ
Эͬ򱱺úֵ̽нֹЭͬһµڴ۳֮ǸжãджĴֺγ̫ƽ
--------------------


27 
򱱺˼˺ܾ, ûܲ͸ֽдţˡ
ǵξǴ, ǿɴûгֹû˼״
򱱺̾Ϣ, ˶ȥ˽ЭͬὨ飬Э֮ͬҪЩº򱱺ʼ
ˣ˼ά¸ϱ仯, ׳佫ɲ, ο򱱺ʲô, ûб, һжֻֽͣϡ
̸ֽǿǱҴɡ
򱱺Լ˽⵽ЭͬѿھſԷнֹϢЩ򱱺Ļ, ûʲôȫдȥ, Ȼй»еݣ򱱺Ǻܽûֽϡ
ԼиܵϲȦµ𶯣»ʼȻʼնУ򱱺϶ǲⷽκй¶
ЩϢ⣬򱱺вд˵Լ˼
Ϊʲôȫûоκξѵƶ, Ǿ֮κһ֧鶼Ҫоꡣ
ʲôڽ̣ΪʲôָԸ޵߲ں
򱱺ЩдѾܿ˻Žʮֽ, ýŷͺã򱱺ţֽЩų¼˺üݣڳ¼ֲһЩݡ
һ, ÿݶĹҵط·һСשͷӣ򱱺ڱ˸ͷ, ʾԼҪĽǹͨб򱱺Ȼû˵ʲôеģǵžžʶű߽۶ȥ
Դ˲Ȼϵͳһ֪ϵͳʱѾɨһξˣ⻹һɨʱء
.˯һԵľԴǱͳйıо顣
һλıĳǶȷ޹ġ
׼ȷ˵λֻڹ滮ı׶Σλ뷨һºȥϵСǶԷͬˣǲŻȥʼ̽ǵ뷨ʧˣСųҲţǻȥϵСү
ֻȫûϵСǸŹȥôͻأˡ
Щ˵ȻǱǵĽ֮ԱǣǰۼҵĻʵȺѪףҲûɣҶ֪ô¡
ǵ֪У»ʵĺ϶ѾЩϵ߰ϸȷʵǣû׼ȫŻ
ЩֻԸԼŵ˵˦֤ݵ϶ûõģûаϧģֻ˵ǿϧǵļˡ
֮ǰзĹ۳ɵ䣬´ͳ飬ȷûдҲûдᣬǱϰûжԴ˷ʲô壬շϸ¡
˰ݿžķߣȾ㿪ĵġ
շʲôʱģЦӯӯʵ
շ
£ʱڳǡշûס˼Թ
ϵͳ£ʱžǽӽ㡣
ǡ
ȺûĵЦ
Լα¶µľշԹ
ʲôҲ˵˭»ʱء
Ц˲Ŷշ˻֣ˣҲһ죬Ҿ⿴̨ϵϷЪϢȥɡ
Ҫշܾˣл¶䣬·ģշڵľܺãշɡ
ȱzշı鷢ֶԷûгǿȷʵǾúܣϹǳʵЦ⣬ҲŹ⡣
ҲЦշڵǼǵʱ˺鰡
˵˵ԴЩ档
ҲûʲôշЩ̫˼»ʵҪȻǲܲ˵ģʵ鶼ͦģһʱշҲ֪Ӧô˵²ѡ˸¿ʼڸǵǼֵʱ졣
໥֮Ӧöʶİɣһ˵Ⱦģһ˵ǳŵĽС
Ⱦ˵֮ǰǹŹǮһֱˣûǮ˹ºЩ컹һٳҶɾţʹǮǰǮ£˸٣ӿ
е˵ǵǻãǮ׼ʱûйǷ£Ǳߵļ๤ȥ˵ǸɻûǸ¿һޡ
ǰǶ˵ϾǾģ˭ֲǶݻƼ˶ſڵº󣬽ټǹ¾͸Сϱһ
Ӧǵ˻кܶࡣշսʱǸС̫࣬ҲûܹЩûеҶǫ»ʱĲȻʤʱܵλ
Ǹ鵽λ˵շ˵˵ţûסԼóһ
£㿴Ǹҵģ˵Լǳĵ軧ֻµˣǸͷӳǴġ
ң˵ҳúÿи
ͷǸһ˼Ҳֻܷڵʱóȡԭշǲյģڹܹ̫϶ȱڳʳ˵ڻͲˣշֻñ¡
ĶǰЩ˵Ҫӵ£ǵؿôˣɽȥˣ֪£æ˵ˡ
˵ʼͷˡշԽ˵ϵЦԽҺｲԺӻԽԽõġ
Ͼбأ
Դӱµǻ֮շһòһ
Ƴ۱úܺãһûа˵ļҲɢȥ࣬շЦ˾䣺λǶ˵𣿡
һ㶼ߵİɡշûʲôԥȻػصСʱڼʱġ
ֳɶ˶٣ûסϵͳһ໰ŭ[߻⣬ôû־kǲǲа]
ֳɣЩӣ϶Ǹ軧߳ɵģͷɲǺθֻ֣һ٣ֵػֻɣ
֪ĩĵײ϶úãܹ΢˽һº󣬶ûԳ̶ȸе𾪡
ȶ־ֵģְžһϷ̨ϷԼϵ£ޱض̨ϻҵĳϷʾշ˵ЭͬЩֻǿʼͷĳ˺գЩǻһʱһ
˵ţͰھԺ˵Ҫû¹פЭͬշ˵ˡ
շȻǲܾܾ;ԼϺ˰æ»ʱд֮⣬ʲôûǱ߸ЩǼʱЩ˷л£ΪԼȫ֮
Ľȥæǿ̫ˣ
ȸԾ飬շڵڶհȵķԸЭͬСԺʱ˷ĻܻŽȥ˵λɾ˵ЩҲƣ
ֻշû¹ٽЭͬᣬ;Щƺ£һûᣬϾЩշûʲôϵ֮շΪ̫ܹܣҲܳΪЭͬפػ¹١
շ˵֪ǸЭͬΪʼʽģǾʲôԭȫ֪ʱէһЩȡ
ھԺС˱ȼĸЩ
ҶǫѾȥȵĻжЩƶǼǵʱҶǫǲ֪ǰǴĳǸҵжء
ӽӷԽЭͬתʽ⣬ԳԤƿܴﵽʧҵ͹Ǿҵ⣬Եʮֱˮнˡ
ǶԴһͷʼҪҪȥЩûбԼµǡ
Щ˵Щ׸ƣЩƶ׵Ϊ䳰ȷǲò˵Щһ·ܶ࣬ͺܶϲҶϵ
ܶ켸Ӿͺˡ
շǾµҲûô
ƼҶǫڴ˵ӣշ˵Ҵӱ¹ǱЩϢ֪İɣʡͷȥ˺ЩŮǣ밲һЩưŲȥ·أЩԸĻߵǿԴߡ
ŮʡڿҿңһЩ˸оΣʡͷӷǱһʼҪЩ
ҲǺԼĪҪǣкüطǮҲûмԷǶܹܱ
ǰкܲŮҲסȴӦˣǺ֪䣬ʹԺͳЩڳŮǵܻذڡ
ЩŮǵļҲ⣬ϾҲϣԼŮܵõʵ۵ۣԺôͷ¶˵ʡơ
շΪ̫ܹܣ͹ŹܶСС£ǱҲûаҪ£ЩʡǱ߲ϣҪշæȥһЩߵһЩʲôġ
һȥģշߺܶϢʵǱûˢĻʵۻҪģϾܶ಻Ҫ飬ϵͳɨ赽ˣҲһȲ
ǰæˣ֣ҶǫǷ·𿴵һ㣬շл
շЩĳĳƺʱûסԼϵı飬ͷŨҵʺŷ·Ҫʵʡ
ɶʲô
Ǻɶ
˭˵ģ
շ΢΢鴤ţĳӰָæǸӰԼԺɢ
--------------------
лҪ˵
շbeici飬ôٵң


28 
Ҷǫǳϲ֮, ȫûעշӣ໥¡
ܽԷ, ȻҪġҪ˵, ͷЩҲǳԲġ
˿϶շҶǫǱͳһԸȥȻЩƶΪҪ뿪ԥԸȥ, ϾƶԹƿĲ, ȥһܻ
ȥкһ, ֮רŵ˺ҶǫԽӡ
շûЭͬ߶ͣ, Ե˽Эͬߵ󣬰һӾ͸æعȥ
շȻҪȥ, Ͼȵǻ󿪵ĵڶγ, ˵շλ̫ܹӦҪ̷ͬģȻȻǵԼαװǸԷԸӲ̫ʣշȥʲˡ
ҲȾְԼ׵һ죬ΪԼ˼ȫ˸ޡ
ֻ״ÿƴҲ
ΪȵʱЭͬľǴʼȫЭͬϢȻշ͹ǮҪǼᡣ
ó˲ҪǼǵʱ, ֪ʾӦдʲô֡
һֱûʽҪЭͬ˼Ҫ̬ȻǺȷ, ټһװԼȣҲԿóԼĪҲҹӡ
Žд˱ƺ̫ʣܵҺŵԺż
ǫ, ǮǼΪⲻ֪Ӧô飬ȻȻҶǫ
ֻػûҶǫ˵ʲô, ￪ƶǵЦˣԺҫЩɾûм֮ǰߵСأǮģȻҪд˵֡
˵£Щȥƶ֮߷õʱѾ֪ˣЩȷʵЩֻ֪ѧʵǸеҶǫ˵ǵдݶЩġ
ͬʱҲΪ˵ﴫЩƶ֪ǵϽãƶʱҲʡȥ˲ǺЩǹͨʱ䡣
Ҳ·꼻һֵ˵ô£ܿ˸ҫ۵֣Ҳûٶľȥ׷ʲôࡣ
ڣžߴһˤǵǰ
Ƿ˺ü飬ǰ˺ǵ˵Ⱥš
ô˵ǵòȷʵǺÿÿԳƵˡ
ֻǡƵԣһǺȷǣⶼǼ𣿣
ܵشԭǻûͨĿûк˵϶ΪǽЭ̫ͬ©ٳˣҪʰоֵԭ
һš
ǻҪŬõϿɲſԣ
ӵƶд¡롯ĸ
߻Ҫͱ˷˸µƶǺ뿴Ҷǫǫı֪
ͻȻܵͬ鱩Ҷǫ
ȻԸ֪ҵֺαǿ󡣡ҶǫڳһȻģ
ŶǾǹǫҲ֪ǺضҶǫٴδһ
ҶǫŤı飬һʱ֮䣬ԺСг˻Ϣ
ڳ֮ϣվȫ뻶ûʲôϵ
Ȼߵǰ£ǰλϵİɫѾϵͳɨ֪ʲôǵҪ̵ضͷĳʵΪβڣ
ϵİɫŨǰһȹһ񣬻𸴵ýղǲ䵣ξʧְ϶Բ¶Բаգչ֮䣬ڼС
Ѿ֪£ٴǱ߿һΣɾԼܸӣʱ˿̲ܶ±ʾЩʲô
Ǹһýȴ˵󣬷ֲϲŭظ˸ӦĿתʷ̨ڵλãңʷֵֵ̨֮⾩ӽ£֮ԩ޺ܺʷﶼڼ
ֻ޽ֶ˸ʦ
Ǻǽ˰ۣΪ۹һΪλǻȥҲʣ͢ٺٺףǶʲôԵģ
ʷڵأûΪԼʲô𷣡
ûӦЦʷʵմһʱһܬ޵Ľ𣿡
ʷʱŴԼóһۣ߸߾ٹͷʧְ֮޿ɱ⣬ֻΣ˷ΪҰ¹µѹġ
̫δģϵͳһЩð֣Ҫ¡
ϵͳһεǸȱְֱӸ˴ãʷܬٺһ꣬ι֪ͬ£ڳߣٺٽδڳ֮ˣɷÿһٷ鳭Ҳۡ
ǣʲôҪ޽ģޱض˵
һĬվ˳ȹصݽۣģкʵȷϾСڹ⣬ڸЩԩ
ǻʡʾԼ̲ǱʾԼ꾡ɷȵȡ
ʵûôЩϴϾЩԱǲôϴʡһЩƶȽиı䣬յĽҲǲʲô仯վڷ⽨ڣ¶һЩûôĴȱѣôܽʵìܡ
ҲҪЩԱȥ⣬ҪҲЩԱϴС
ûʲôĳĳˣҲҪҲЩ͢ԱϴȻǶųȥ⽨ȥٶԵطĿƣطĲռ䡣
طǣĹһҪͰ
Ϳˣ
ڸ̨ޱļԼʱûֹĻһųȥʮź֡
ⲻԸģ۳ѾûʲôȱְλܹȱعԱˡ
±Ǻܶ׷ģĳλȱ̫ĻҲڻֿȱĸλע̫ġ
Ҳаɡ
ĥţȻôԱȥطĶУôҪúһ£ЩصĴ壬Ҫ̫á
ųʧְ֮ԸһĻᡣȵ˵м޾ֵúܡ
Ҳûйʲô֣Ϊι֮ûʲôǮҲÿ࣬ûʲôǮĳԲϷҪܵͷ
ǰһ˰ǧᣬֽһ˰Ϊֻһǧᣬһࡣ
˵ʢ̫ƽ̫ƽ̫ƽţ˰յˣ̫ƽ
Ǯȥ˿ܸޣ
ϳôʳ˭ˣ
ʣϵĹԱأ׷ױʾܡسȥЩҲ׷׹ӦǣԸΪ½ǡ
ȿЩԱǣ΢΢˿
Ϸķɤӡ
طĴǰѾ̰۸ܼ沢شũӸֿ˰ԼӶˣ
»ֱڳ˵Լǽڱص壬·ŹԱȥ飬ЩͷӦڳҲϢͨİɣ
Щͷǿ϶Ѿ׼ãЩ˷ʲôԾĵطҲŵطǸԱǵΪԼĳξðһЩ췴ĳﱸҪǰʼ׼˰ɣ
ʮʱʵ̫ˣ쿴ƵС˵ҲǻζģҲҪϷԹϰ
ѾԼոմԽֹۣҪʱڸ۳ǲܵģʮʱ䣬Ȼһһ㡣
Ҫģ糬
ʮϵţɫ˳
ȾͿ˲֪ʲôʱѾշʵշȥǱ߿зʲô£
շȫĹʹԼЭͬ˵ĽЩƶǹ֪»ʱ£ʻֻ»ֻ½ҪһˣΪ˽¡
ȫҼұ¿˾֮еշذһһʮ㱨ˡ
ȸеЩɻЩʡ﹤ɶҪôˣ
ɻţȻȻôˡ
շ֪ҶǫҪʲô£˵ԼҲշ治ҲڴӦ˲ʲô¡
£˵ҪһҴ󺣴շʵذѶϢ֪
ȣ
ȣ
ɶ
ɶ
֮ǰ²Эͬһô󺽺ʱתͷЩǾѾڸ𣡣
ǲͷϰ𣿣ôһôԱôףǾͲܺúѧϰһ
ôţͻȻҪȥˣ
ȾԼӶҪϢըˣ˼ά߼һƬҡ
[Ҫţ]ϵͳæ[ģ۱кģ]
ȣ[Ŷ]
Ȼ˿ϵͳ˵
[ЩŮƵĺȽһ㡣]
[ֻһ㡣]ϵͳŬԼϡ
һ㻹ڵ㣿
Ȳϵͳ˵κ
[ɣ]ȽҲ뱩ϵͳһ졣


29 
ϵͳΪչʾԼǿ׵, ϰŮǱŪĺͼֽչ¡
Ϊ㹤̵ģȻԺûʲôо, ϸоһ´幹, ٿ緫ϵͳһЩϣȷ汾ĺĿ껹ڽֿԺ̫ƽԶ󺣴
óۺǳ˿, Щ΢ͬϵͳʾû̫Ӱ㡣
ֻҪǴȥ´½, Ǳߴס޻Щһж˵
Ϊʲôö޴½Ǳߣ
滺ڷ²˾䡣
侲˼˼, ǶԺóЩ, ж౩ֻҪִ˿϶Ƕ֪ģ㲻ȥѰ´½, ͨ㺣˿֮·ҲԴ۳˵ǸܶʢЩ°
ǵð¸ȥ
˾, ҪŮ£Ҫ֪ǵΪʲôҪȻ֮ǰ˵ҶǫǷĳǻһӶ෽ǶȥǷǵ´ĻЩ˿϶ǻš
ɲУ
֪ЩŮǺҶǫЩһͷ˵ȫҺų, »ֹ촬Ƿ, ȻתͷԼȥҲһܹģ
ǮȨеأʲô
Ҫȥ찡
Ѿص޵̱ŵסԼͷھϸоͷۡ
Ѿӱһˡ
ȫȥԼЩͺѡǡ
[ҾҸȥ, һɳڵץҡ]۷ֱ
ϵͳ[]ת³򣬲Ȼ˵ȫܷ顣
Ե, ȻǲӱܵģЩŮ°࣬ߴߴ໥֮˵ŸԸλ֪һЩȤ£ʮֵֻ̤Ĺź󣬾Ϳ˰һߺڻʵ۵Ǽܡ
»ˡ
ԭʮֵĳȻͺ񱻰˾ֹЦȻֹ
ܵԼϵʹЩǲŷ֮໥ǣǣֵ֡ܿƽŵ
ЩŮ໥֮ﶼܿͷǱصľš
ʮĥ֮ǰܸ֮˼໥ܻ֮иָƺͿѾǸ԰ͬЭʱȫˡ
ֲս˴໥ĸоǳã˳С
ڻʵ۳ˡ
һαѣǺȻԼʵݣмݡ
Ǿߡ
Ҫõʵ۳谮»λ̳ߣٹ⡣
ʡ֮ôŬϣΪľ
ԭΪ
ξѣ˲ЩŮ޿Ƶز˿־壬ԼЩϵܵͬǸܲ仯Ŀ־壬һֶ˵ҪĶҪע֮Լȴȫ޷κء
Ǿ˵п˸Լȫһ
ȫһǺܿ侲һ㿴ҿģնûסЦȫõЦ
ԭ֮ݸ飬˵ҲôҪֻԼһõġ
·ͻȻ˶Կһе
ں֮пŹСأһ˵УǻǸϲʡŮٵԼ
͹Ůǲһλû.е˵Щ֣ûʲôɻϾûбΪȴҲλʵĿǰΪֹΨһýȢģֻǶԼһȺСûײ˸һε
ǸЩ㣬ҽȥǱ߰ɣĻ˵һ½ɶЩӣĻһʲô鷳µĲͷ
Ůǿı׷ЦһЦǵص˵ıӣС̵߽ţ¿Ҫȥµģʲô鶼дϣҪЦ¹ԼĶ죬ҪҪС⣬˾ϲ
Ҫò˼ǵ֮ǰڻΪڻȨǱߣ˭˵ʲô
¶ţоԼѧ˵־ûʲôҪԼ׽ĽǣҲС˵²ںЩϲ̣Ҫѱߵ
ŮֻӰٶȣֻ˵Ļ˵Ҳɷ˸ۡ
ͬλĿΪԼδԸڲԭϣԼսϵĸױѩޡǰͬλͳڴˣ˭Уһûн½̶ܳȷǳøߡ
ҲֱЦűƽ£Ҳİ
λ»ʱ²û¿ϷֺòаҪ˼
˭֪ءôںӦš
ŮǿıֱЦ
һ̬ȣʵҲ˵»ʱµĸ黹ǺܲģܹȷʾԼС
ȥˣұµȼˡŮ˵
Ц˵ͷЩǣգЩ˵ЩʲôҳӵĻȻûƹӭ̫ܹȵˣ˸Ҿ˵λˣ롣

Ůȫû뵽λ»ʱ²ֻǵġ
ҪʲôŮɻȴʱӦշŹڲ˹ȥһͷˮعȥʥûʲôȫеģ·϶շѯ»ʱ¹ѰΪʲô
շºҲǲ˵ģ򵥶Ů˵ԼѾΪҵˣΪڶͱ»㱨¡Эͬûȵ飬շǲܶűй¶ȥġźҪ棬͹

ŮΪ˴¶ʱȫԭƵĽŲ˼֡
ȻȫͬȫµͬⰡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ҪǣǣŶܣ
м׷Ҫǣǣˣӿ첽


30 
Ŭ, ûþյϵͳ֪ͨǹˡ
ѸԼӦŮǸ촬ԭİ취, ΢΢ֱ, ȻϵͳǱ߶ǽ̸ݵת
ȣ
ʵ˵Щ˵ѾעˣǲԼԴȵģ̫๬ŮȷųȥüҲûж, ԹҲǵйŮ̫ڵġ
ѡͣλΧҲֻڵ, ټ϶ѹ, Զ˿ҲֻЦֵΪֻ
κ˭Ҳ֪, ߻иܼϵͳأ
Ϊϵͳ֮ǰɨʱ򣬾ùŮƵĺôȽ, ʷûʲôӰ, ɨʱ򣬲ûаеҪע棬ȸˣʽϵͳҪʾԼôʱȻһһʮתȡ
ʵ֪Ů֮䶼ʲôȣ
ԭͬλ˰
ĥ۲쵽ĳ״ֻûĸĳͬ⳯ûѾȥ
ΪĹ˵ܴķ濼, ʵ̫ˣֻäĿ׷佫ǲŻºܰ
ʱ۳˰սͺ, ʳͱȽ٣±ǱߣߵĻĵҲʺֲʳͷչؾ, ֵطˮݶӣϰũй̶ĳйԱ, ҲЩܵڡ
⻹ǴӴ±ߵĽǶȿǣǴ£ǾֻǴպ˴ʳͱӵòʧĳ˵ñ߾˽һһԱĽ顣
뷨ȻôСڱĿùϴǶôпͬλ岻ܽܵģټϳĳӲԸ񣬻ֱʵۼҿ飬˵֮ǰϵͳ˵ģɱıֹɡ
£һ̧ͷͿշȺߵ˹ͷȳЩǿݻӦоУʲô˳Сģʲô޶˵ģǸǸĳȾͳһ۶ʮĿ
ЩӯӯˮĿ⿴ȣ·ԼâȫסָоǷǳһԼԵĸо
֮ǰѾ֮ǰϵͳת֮Щӽݵȣ
ԼݼǱѾܽԲλˣӦ˵Ƕ۰ɡ
ȷ˼뵽ԼǻʵֻۣҪԸݣҲû˭ģǺܿô˼óŬĽۡ
ЩӵʱûаڳʲôƵ̬ȣʲôϵڳ˳Ǻ󣬺ֱӾ͹¹Ͷһ⣺շ˵λҴҪ캣飬˹Ϊ£
ֱĻŮЩ졣
ľǴΪ촬İ
漴ǾʡЩ˳ĹԱǻ»ֱһ˳ȥ˺Щ˵Ʒ
⻹ǾѴ󲿷ȥлñûȥĽ»ʱӣξЩɰսҸ嶯ҵ£ֻºܶԱҪͷء
Ҳʮ꣬ʱҲ㳤٣һдԱҪ飬ǰնôӵİҶЩԱǱȥǼ庢볯ΪҲܵҵķգҲǺˡ
λŮǶԴΪѾʮϰΪΪ˼ΪŮ඼ˡ
ӲƱЭΪĪ»ʱûҪɣ
Ů޴»ʣŭ·ûƼӵĿ⼸ûΡ
ŮʮֵľΪڳ»ʹϵ׽ˣټ촬Ҳڹ룬վӦ£ҵΪ֮£ֽϷĶôֵǮЩϷҲӾһȥȻĸߡ
ֻǺЩһ½·Ķ࣬ͷҲ̫ƽĴз˻Ҳ󣬿ɾⲻиͷںϿûʲôͽ檲Ҫ캣ǿϷóʵ
ͷУϷغĵطҲֻһЩľóǸûʲôӰˡ
˵Цӯӯؿȣ²Ҫ𣬴̿ɱҪǮǣҲҪ´ԸȻڹΪ²࣬˼ȥҲֻˡ
СǰֵԣҲаѽǶĽ̵ȥģȱԼֿС
˼Ļ
˵ĻҲȷʵȲ²пܵġ
ڷ⽨ʱ˾ó֮ҲֻвˣŮҪùٷͳ촬ôȻǲ顣
һγʹʱ򱱺һЩ̯λϷĶټ˵ݣϱóײ֮֮ߣºܶ˶ˣҲ޹ֺڷֹ档
ȳ˼£շת촬¼ʱҲǱʡԱǴѹ񶨵¡
ǼȻҪЭͬĹǴӹͷ֣˵ʵʡͷ˲ûϿɡЩЩԱôġ
ȷǵı黹򶨵ģһ͸Щ޹Ϲ˵ǹٸӦǿͨˣϱ۸񽵵ȥȫǱضϷĶЩƷȥȫҵΪٵĹ
⻰ʱЦˣʵǷΪԬɣ
⻰Щ죬ôµģǳӦȷʵΪԬԡ
ЦЦûⷽ˵ô֪ģλͷĺ⣬ĹŮʵ֪ô£»ܹ˽Щ޵Щȡ
ΪʲôֱȷԬɣȻΪϷЩ̶ǣЩԬҷֵģȻһЩˣλŮЩ֮СֻλڹɣȽϺðѹȥѡ
ָЩǾͲ˵ˣ϶ƽա
ڱԬô˵ʵŮǰѾ촬˵顣
λǱԬɸ˵ˣŮǿ»ᶯһЩ˵⣬ˡֻͷİӿŮûк˵ѡ
˲
˵촬£Ϊ֮ܵǰǾſڶӰ졣
ǿ̫ˡ
ȻڴЩ˶ȻҸ壬ЩŮ˵ȫڵˡ
˳ʹЩŮӻʲô³ǲŵ顣
ЩʱסҪ촬ԷֻһЩµƶǣ󺣴һĲȥҿ棬Ȼļ蹤Щƶ뷻﹤
ŮǱѧЩı㣬ҲмױѧϰЩŮʵȺܶٵүǸ׿ʵϻôģҵıʣ;еЩԩûоԵĹϵܻȥԩЩƶҲǿ̡
㹻ĹйҷίҲԻһҹȥǲܻ־ſڼ۶µġ
ЭͬȻЩƶǽǲûнⱾϵ⣬ֻʱһȥǷòܣȻǻɵڶζ
ϾһжԹűˡ
ŮٴʱȻˣЩԱǲж¡֮һЩ˾£ûԤټر˵⣬رԭ
Ƕ׼ˣеڶΣЩ޴ƶҲԲɹġһ϶ΪŮ˾Ůˣ˵Сųʵǲʺ١
ֻ»Ůǵļ£Ϲٻ΢˿ڣԸȥ촬ֻأкܶ๤Ҫûжٿ֣ҪȻȨ͵ҪջһЩǲܰ캣ȥ
¸ЩۣͷҲʾֻܵ˴Ĺãûеġ
˵ǹʵϾǿѲ㶫ǹҼȥˡ
ԺܶŮ֪ģշӭ·Ѿ֪ˣ촬õ˽һѣҪľҪʽˡ
ʵ۱ǿڣЩһδõĹԱҲõNεģ
ĿɿڴؿȺŮΧ˵ȫƻһκܹԼʽԼǸĽĴֻںϻжٰȫܸӯԼԴȷչǹҵˮƽͽھҵ⡣
ӶǶȳ˼Ҹ߼Ӻϸ֪뻹죬ϼδ۳˵ΪǷپ׼޸ĺˡ
Ⱥʱûô۹
ϾֻҪ˵˼룬ִ˵˼ά԰εԼҪĵطȥ
ǲǺ̸ЩǺ̸ݣ
ݰǰԾǶԵģǴģκα粵
Լ˵ͷŮǴ඼ֻ΢һЩôЩѡŮǰôţôѡİ
ǡ֪Ŀడﶼ
»һ·ֵ̽ĹŮǣһֱƽȽﶼЦ⣺ҵֲ٣ͷЩ徭ĶͰһЩ顣
ȣ
һ㶼֪Щ顣


31 
ʵŮҲͦ, Ǹϲõ鼮Ͷƣеİо, Щǰ, ĻǰѧЩϲѧԱģΪǲٳּʱ򣬶ܺá
ͷԱﶼæõ, еһЩׯӹ, Ů, ЩŮȻǶҪЩС
, ܱУҪȥӵ, ȷʵǸҾ̳, ЩȷʵһһġҲܵˣڸղźȸղĵĹУλ»ʱ¶ĵЩ
ԭҲǰİúӵӡ
ҲǣϾմۼѪֲ٣֮ǰЩʵ۵ۣɲڼҿȫ
ŮǿȵĿʱ׽
һ㶼ЩŮκ׽ĵط
[ͳ, ˵ؿ𡭡]ʹ뷨, ȫŮǴ˻˽ȾԼѾ޿, ֱӾͿʼϵͳʼã[һξҪʲôµ, ʲôҾǣϾûбҸҵˣ]
[ɣͬλʲôʲô֮ǰ˭ţ]ȷŤ[ȻעҪˣǸɴ˭˰ɣ]
ϵͳ[]
[ټһ£ģ]ϵͳԼʿڳײͣһ߸Ͻ־ѯô졣һֱעȵ־شĺܿ죬ûϵͳ͵õ˴־ǱߴѶϢ
ϵͳת˺üȦԼдĿֳ򶼳һ٣ȷԼû󣬲ЩȷČ˵[]
[ɶ]ӦţȻѾԱﻹŬת˼
ģѾûɣ廹ǲܿҪһ¡
[־˵kûԼҪˣԼоһǿ˵㡣]ϵͳתݵʱʮسŨҵĲţ[k㲻Ϊ۳ıе̫ˣ촬иʿԼ۳ģ˵ġ]
[ס]ϵͳתֿ꣬ʼΪҡź
Դϱĳһʺš
ɶ
Ϊɶ˺˻ܼ
־סˣ֪ͲӦÌʲôɵġ
²۹ô²ۣȻǴԼڻ˳
Ͼ־ٲףԼǿһӦûǲġ
Ϊʲôأȿĺ˼
˿֮ѵǹҸӸǿ𣿻ЩŮ촬ûгɹ˹
ⲻӦðȸղڷ񶨹ŮǸĺͼģ̵ģӹŮг໥ϸ޸ЩŮ֮еĳλ飬Ǻ촬һйϵģʮֵϤ
ͼֽϵĺһЩ⣬Ⱦ֮Ҳֲܷҽ
Ǿֻǿ˺󣬹ûиǿȾ֮ǰҶǫǲȡ֪ʶڸǲܵ顣
ԣ۳ǮҸԣʵҲܸı۳Ҫ
ȴⷽ˼֮ܿͷԼ֮ǰ˼ä
Լֿʼִ˼άʱԣˣȻǳԴǮҪʲô򵽣ʵ˵վҲǼǿóѣǲôóףվһж۳ķΧ֮ڡ
óӸʵĲøƷӱܶ˶˽Ǯ
ʳôҵóףܱġ
˵ֻҪûнʳһ㣬˿ڼͣ۳һֱ⣬ʵѹͲõʲô۳ܹꡣ
ܹٶ۳һ鵤ҩ´½ϣ˭Ҳûа취
ȻˣΪβһ㣿
˸һâԼĺͼֽϣֶظЩŮǣλȷʵе޿׼ǽ캣Ҳͣ޵Ĺ޽Щ˵ɹǲǲ
ʱʵ޽ĹǸ󹤳̣ӼλͿʼ޽Ǻ顣
һҪ󡣡ȿŮı飬ϻ˶ħЦݣ̫СˣҪķ緫ӴĴֻҲҪƵĺϣҪҴֻΪҴ۳֮һΪΰҵ壡
ֻҪȥ޾ûµĻǻʲô̴أֱԶ󺣴
Լ̵ģȻ֪һｫøøСǺѵ飬ǼֱӵȱŴͿˡ
ԭ㹻صľģڷŴ˵ĴֻϣΪӲȻԷ⣬Ҫ̭
ҪŴҺĽͼֽϵʹá
֮ǰ̴ԲοԭȾеϷĽҪƵԶ󺣴Ǿǳ׵Ҫ㿪ʼĹˡ
ȾãͼֽͿסȺŮһֻ֮꣬Ҳô򵥵£æˮɸȡ˶ʱ䰡
ȺרŸѧоǶԸĳȫôһȺϼӵȥǷβʲô
󴬰ס
Զ󺣴Կ޴½Ǳߵ¡
[ͳȥ־˵һԶ󺣴ˣһ۳ʱڵ޴½ΧҾȥô۳ξðǿ͵kͬھ]ѾǹȥǸˣڵȣѺڻ
[־ǸҶʮСʱϴСҲҰҴֻڽΧڣ]
[۳ˣӻؼҺȱˣkôѴŪȥҶܣ֪]
Ȼǵ֮ǰһγʱ־ȥ޾£ֱذ¸־ˡ
Уԣ
ָǿ飬һɣװ¸׼ˣʲôĳʲôԶ󺣴ȫУǻģҪ
ϵͳ[]
[־ظˡ]ϵͳת߻
[k˵]
[]
ȶԼԺֳ︡һţǳ˳飺[kɶ˼]
[͡׵kk޵úܴ˼]ϵͳ̫תر£˵[־Сѣú塣]
ȣ
[Сѣ]ֺ˺ܶ࣬ʵ[־]
[Ҳֻǧء]ϵͳش
ǰҲûеʮȣ[Ŷ]
ȶԼҪûҶͣǼ뿪ˡŮһȣڹﻶ
ʽˣˣмĽҲ䱸ˣ
»ʱʡͷЩͷˬö࣡
ȻŮҲûи̫ã˷ܵҪĺʱǷҪĿӵ֮
ȫҪ¼ԭṹҪ仯
ԽʵԽܹоǸôĿӣͼֽǶҪ»˰
ô찡շ˵͹ûͼֽܲǸɵŰɡһŴΦСẓ̌ûס˵
ջҪȥʡϰֻ࣬ҹͼĹŮԭҧԱһ˲飬»ſҲòôһֱ꣬΢ЩλŮЦţü£Цӯӯ˵ȻǸ촬밡촬ֲһؾͿԿʼġ
ǾǸͷ϶ûа취ôĺģҪȥԶĽͷǱߵͷܴҲֻҪ΢һŪͿˡ
ŮͷʵźܷḻϢҪ˴˶˵ʲôĬؾ׽ҪʲôôһСֺ¶
˼㹻ĹҪµʱ䣬ǱҪʱµĺͼ
ü̾Ϣ£Ѱ֮ǰĺͼԭοԲοģ֮һ˼оЩĽ
ǰû󴬵İ˵£Ҳ̾ϢȫƷȱǧ֮һºͼû˲Ϊ˷
вοͺˡվھ˵ļϿ϶Ǹģô͵ƼˮƽһҪݡ
˵ĵд󴬣ǻ󡭡Ůǲɷ׷׿ʼ濪ʼ˼
˴ˮ̫ǳںϾģ˴ΪŪ󺣴׳¡
ǻʲôأ
Һ˼¡ĳλһǰкüʵϲʵҿһмأλʵҴȥѰɽ
ȻҲûлλŮҲʾԼӡ󣬡֪£Ҳû⺣ͼ
ûУеطаŮЦ⣬иãǰǵʱ˵Ǳߵ£˵ڽ򶫵ͷпһҺܴܴĴڵ۵ǽϻţǳ׳ۡѾЩˣ֮ǰһʱû
Ůǻ
ѹˡ
ǱͦģȴôһͷԭλɵĻʵǴǸط
վͺͲ٣һȥ򶫿Ǳ߿Ůǵ˵㼸촬ʮЧʵĸعŮǷ񣬡ľͰЩ͹н֯ã촬ʺپ
ã


32 
֮ڹŮǴ󲿷ֶ뿪˾ȥ򶫿, ¼ؼλϵפأΪ, ֳ˵
ЩǵİȫҲиǿ, ýὫһЩرΪս
Ҫ󣬽Ὣı鶼Ҫסˡ
°֮ǰȥرûлĿ飡
ǵ򱱺Ķ, ԼγĹŮ֮лԼŮ, ὫŬԼ, ŶЩŮ䱸, Լʯһ㿴Ǽӳһֱӵǵĵ·
֮ǰȵߵЩر뿪ķ
ǿҪûˣھѲߵĶ鶼ûˣҶҪ˰
Ὣ»ʱ, Ҳ򱱺˵Ļ, ĺȱ˰
ȻҲֻǽὫգڹŮ뿪֮ʡҲա
λ»֮һʼߵʮ߼ĳȻҵ˼ȥڣֻǵʱЩ߼ĳǻû뿪ʱָ, ǿؾסˡ
ڶξıˣ˵ֻĸĳ, ЩĳҲڳģȥ˽ʮǵڶγᣬĳʧʮˡ
ôԱôİ
ʡҲת, һԱְ¡ʱһŮ뿪ȥ촬Ǹһػ
żŮٲԸʲôҪȨ, ܶ鲻ҵַǳռʱۻͱŮҲͲ֡ǰǴССʮˣׯ԰ģȫûоʲôذźҲˣ໹ӡ
Ȼ󡭡ЩԱǲɵľ͸ǸûôҪĻơ
ЩŮһߣЩȫ˵Աϡ
ʡͷĹԱǶҪˣ֮ǰЩŮǸֲ˳ۣʱˣǲŷЩŮڵʡжҪ
ʡЩԱǸɿŮȥ촬˾ʮԹ
ּȱ£Ĺǿ϶ŲˣǱ߾һյ˼ۡ
ĳǱͳټӡ
û˸ɻˣЩ˶ܲģ㿴˰ɣ
ϵͳˣȷʵдö㣬Ȼ󡭡ϲͨ
ϴЩĳǾټĶЩʲô˰Щ˲õŮٰ
ЩĳȻ췴Ĳôھټ棬ΪЩȫûм̳췴ͳ
Ȼ濴˼˽ЭͬṤֺ󣬾͸ȷһ㡣
Ϊʲôһ°
Щĳôǲ˸ɴңĶ֪˭˭أ
۱»ʴĳʵҲ⡣ǶԿó»ʶһȺĹǺܲҪټ볯鲻ӦҲ㹻׼ġ
ֻܹȡҪһ¡
֮еķĳ˵ҲƲʧֻܼ޿κζ»Эˣݽ󿪰ƾٵۡ
û취û˰תÿ϶ҪʡӰൽŵ࣬ȻڶҪʡﱨǻİ
ĳǺȷ»ʸǵĴĥǶ»ʵͷĳ޿κҲֻý㡣
»ֶȴʮЧȫû취Կ
ϾȫںԼñҲҪ¸ҷԼԵĳǣʼһ֮Уͱ»ʸͳȥˡĳȻΪԼͷĹñЭһΣôȻЭڶԼ֮Ρ
յĳǱ߿ƾЦˡ
ǻῪƾٵ
ΰɣ
ΪЭɥĳǽӵͬ˵󣺡
ȫãȻˡ
ʲô˼
ܾټҲܿƾ٣׼Ҫʲô
ڳĳһˣоԼƺʼնûλ»ʱµ˼ⲻ˿϶°Ҫ
صŮǺȻȻͱˡ
֮ǰЩ߼ĳ佫Щϵȥ佫ڻھǵĳǾͺ佫ǹϵƽƽ඼ûйǲŮǸȻ¾Ͱиǡ
ЩŮƽջסڹ෽㰡
ŮһΪѵӣûҪЩõȨȨֺҲɴľͰ˹̫ȥշ¾ʲô˼
յ»ʱ¼мԡ
Աٺ»̫ˣڹ飬ȻôԱЩҲάֳ͢תҲȫûбҪʲôԱǰɣְʲôģæֻûϰ߶ѣٹһʱӦӦͺˣҿŶ~
յϢŮǣ
յŮתϢĳǣò
ˡ
ȫˣ
ǱҪɱǣ
ûйЩܵѶ沿ŤĹԱǣѾκɵշһ͵﹬ȥˡ
ȻѾڹˣǱҶǫĹҲصӸ
ԴЭ֮ͬҶǫǱ߸ŵƵ˺ܶ࣬ΪҪļƻ֮ǰѾͨˣͶִֻжѣҪ׫дǱ˽Ĳࡣ
ڻһЩ³ֵġ
Эͬӷǰڵ׼Կʼˡ
ΪͶԼЭͬľʦܴķǶȿǣӦǡ
ҲûоܾѾڻʹͷöˣóŽȥߡ
һ죬ⶼ ˸ȥշȫѾһװг˻ʹ׵ľͿһЩǰûмĳƶڶԹģʲôǹµı鲻ãŬǫѷģ˵ʲôһһĻ
ûж࿴ܿʹӷĽֵյСӣֱҶǫдĵַ
ΪӶԹҪ󲢲ߣЭͬ÷ӵļ۸ͷˣת˼λƶԺӣªķӡ
Щ֧ܹҲͻ˶Ӿ͸㶨ˣϺͶ֧˵ĺܡʣµĴ󲿷ǮҪͶ붼֬ˡ
ȿ۹ŵĿϵ֧ŷԼ˸βʳӡĴʱܲ͵ĶҪǶϣ˵Ҳкܶ࣬Դڵļˮƽûа취Ӵ֮ե֬
ʱʱҶǫЩûʲô⣬ֻʱ˵ɹԭ
ʹݳ
ʵͷɹĶ֬ҲʲôõĵطݣֻҪ͵ľСɼˣЩλ¹͵ʱڳȺշ֮ˣûס̵Ĺֱˮ
һͳˣõһʱڳЩƶȴһ˫۷ǣɾǣЩҲǿǮİɣ
ǰôЩƶѧǾͺЧʵĿʼЩƶǽ˵Эͬṫ͸ƶȣҽŵõɫֱһһˣʼǽϰֺ㷨
ôƶҲÿһԴģټϸİͼȷʵǺüǣкЩȿ˵ϾͰʶͼ򵥼ӼѧˣȻһͻȥ̱ˣôЭͬĳԱѾнһִСѧһ꼶ˮƽڷٲ
Ҷѧ飬ΪѾȷ˵ˣֻʱԺЭͬҪԼǵĵطˡ
ڹ¹ٻǳƤҶǫҲûƶҲǼЩȸ͸ֳƤ飬ֵлᳶƤȻȥ㣬ŻƤҲзƺ¡
ڵ£ҲЭͬǴһЩôЩ۸˵Ĺ¶Эͬ֯ȥѵˡȻЭͬЩѧϰ˽Щ֪ʶʮֵػ
Ȼڴ˶ٿЭͬṫʾĿɵľ
ԭǸлᣬҪάסҲôǮ鰡
άЭͬϣǺ׾پͿסѾֻЭܹͬڸһЩܴȥ
ôάǵ˼άͿܼ򵥣㹻ǮƾͿˣǿЩ屾ܵˮ˼ϵĵһӦҲǿǮ
ûоܾЩ˴ӵ뷨οǲѶЩƶӷҲйǮģڳȥǮ⻹ĻЩûн˱ȻͻЭͬĹƽԲɡ
һο΢һմմϲҲûʲôתͷҶǫ΢˵˼仰Ҷǫͳ˱ʾЩ۵һٿǣһҶһЩзݡ
ȿЩһ󻶺ȸԾϲĸоװϵЦϸЦݣͷЩϲƶǴ඼ŰЩԼ·óԵķֻˡ
Щƶ໥ϲ˵ĳĳ˳Ե϶ʲôģ΢΢̾˿
Ҳˡ
ҶǫʵкûйƶǶЭͬᣬЩŮһǰ򶫿촬ȥˡֻٲΪԭ򣬲뿪ǵģǿ彡ĲƶŵҲ˵Щ˴ھмǣŵģҲʲô֡
ȻϵͳתģͬλʱƬϷЩ¡

ȿǰЩƾɵѺϻЦݡ
ԵĻŬһ£ʹʲôġ
ûоƾϿսҵƬӰ񣬾֪жࡣ
̫ˡ
--------------------


33 
ȾѾ촬֪, ۳б׵ģǾʳ⡣
б׵, ΢һӦҲûʲôϵġ
ĬĬ¾
ػǼΧһ¯
һһС, ̵ģܿͽ뵽һ裬Ӧܼ򵥣ֻҪշڳ, ͹ǽûжþѾ, ӦҪĸСʱ, ûʲôҪһֱſˡ
, ˷˵̳֮⣬ʲô̫һҺ, ҲͣҶǫ۲źϸ, ѯʵܳ𣿡
ĬĬ
Ȼǻʲôʱգǲƽ磬İһӦǡܳ𣿺óôԣ
ѧĻģҶǫôһʣ², Ӧ֮Ĳ֮⣬ʣµҺǡͣ
, ̱ĳ֮ǰʲôʱ鵽һЩݡ
;һЩ̫ӵҪ˵Ĳ󣬿Եõͣⶫ΢ͨһĽзǽ..ը.ҩ, ֻҪʮһײͿԱ..
ȣ
Щʲô
͢, õطô췴ȫάȵĴڣ⻹Сը
ȱԼðĶסٰԺָҶǫᴿķӣⶫͣܳԡᴿҲǸöȥͿĨƤֹܷһġ
ִܳԵĿʳøͣҲȷƵĹĸûʳ÷գÿ϶ûʲô⡣
ҶǫȻǰᴿҪ󴫴˳ȥ֪ķҲǿģҸӸˡ
ǻȥĶȫû˷ѣӷ̫ˣжǳѸ٣ܿ˰Ͼɵľϣʼĵᴿ豸ˡ
ȿشĸ͹΢ӦҲˣ˵ЩŮȥ򶫿ƶǴҲµľô˰ɡ
ȿҶǫı飬ƺȫûΪЩյӣѾһ
ɻȻͶҶǫˡ
ҶǫʣԴթҲûôҾ͹ǽʱԭʹȥĶǹصض˵Ƕ棬͸ɡ
ҶǫģȻͦģﵹҲûʲôŵҶǫЩıһ̨ĳţҲѾõ۳ˡ
Эͬ˶ѡ
뿴ҶǫܸʲôϲҲûϵͳȥɨ裬ôҶǫߣžͷȥǾסĵط
ѲǻԼԺ߽ӣȾⲻ̫ܡ
Ҷǫ߰߰Ȼ͸оǰ˺ԵһЩ֮⣬һȺ
߽֮ŷǴЩԼԺһȺĸ
һȺϵͳһʮֻ
ȣ
úֳһȿͫ׵ĳˢһ²ۣ²۾ﶨסˡ
ǣ
ڸֳ𣡣
ͷûʲôϣЩҪʲôιļܲڷʳιİɣ
⡭ʲôṳ̂ԺӵֱӾվԺضҶǫʵ
Ҷǫôʺ󣬲Ŷ˵ǰ
ǵǰ»ϳ֮ҪŮ볯𣿡ȻѾǼȶʵˣѾйŮѾƾһƷֱϳʸ
Ȼڵλ»ʱº֮ǰļλʵ۲һôϲᣬŮƷ׺ûȥϳ
ʱϣ»ʱ˵ˡ˾׳ףǺϺ顣˵̧ͷǰԺӣסԺļλ̨Դ˲ۼ໥ЩǮЩĸ
һȣճǮһûȫһĸ̫СĻҪΪ˾֤ʵ»ʱ˵ǻԣǻĶǼҪĸҪ࣬ǵ֤Ż֡
ǾڿһȺĸԺӵ
ȣ
ôҲܺйϵ
ڰǰ˾ˡҶǫ˵ţȫһЦı顣
»ʵ˵ȷʵ˻ϲ
ҶǫȹȻǴȹЦģΪġ
ǾͲЩĸˣûЭͬ߾ͳǮЩĸǰæЩô
ҶǫǵҲǺһ»ʺкøеģΪȽ£Щ̨Ϊ˲Ǯоһװ취
ϾЩһͷԼϵǮƶõˣЩͿǶ㲻ںЩĸҲǮ
кܶ෨׬ǮǿôһǮô
һҪôһ֤»ǴģǱӮ桪ȻҪӮĴǣǱȱسʡæöҪѲﵱˡ
ûǮô죬ȻҪԴȥˡ
ƤܶһЩǾһ취Ȼˡ
˳Թ⣬Գ档
ʳȻôɳǲҪǮġ
Ӳ˵²ǣʮֻһ໴ҲôץܽģҾҲûôӸץġ
ץĻôֻһ취Ǿǡֳӡ
ֳӵĻҪûôˣ˲ܳԵĸõĶһЩţŪһЩҶֳЩɵĳಢ̫ѡ
෱ֳҲ̣һѵģʼһӳǰǶԼ׽֮⣬ȫѭ
ЩڿңźЩӻЩ쳳ǵĸջһһʮľһֱĳһ磬ǿȺĸ֮еһֻ˸ߵأˡ
Դ˴;Ҳˡ
̬֮ЩҲ뿴ȺĸҶǫҪȺĸҪѧϰӵļҲûаԥֻЩȫȡһ뿪֮ء
û취ҲЩĸöǮİ
¿ҶǫЩǺܲˬǸǮడ
ҶǫԵ˵ԺӵĳֳǸܺõĲοټԺӵаŻᵽڣ֮ǰҲãȼš
ǸЩʾЩû취ȥ򶫿ûн빤ھסڸļһСӣһŪ淿ȴЭͬһЩйȥٻ
ƶǵСоͲҪںʲôĸˣȻĸµǸ룬ҲǮҲġ
Ǳߵļл̫СˣСëԼڵ׽СҲȵ淿ҲˣܸպáֳҲҪʲôģԼͿԸ㣬Щ˻жûôƶ˵ͷǳˡ
Ҿãݿ԰취ֳĻǲҲԡ
ҺͷѮǶⷽоо˵֮ӷҲҪȥȥʲôܹԸҶǫ˵ţд˶δõΡ
ȣ
ȣ
ôĻ
ǻǵԼô첻Щ徭ѧЩŮȥʲôƾҲͨټȺҲԱ
ȵһοʼԼ֮ǰǼֲƾٵ뷨ǷȷЩÿһζ벻ĵط顣
ڳЩĳɣɶ°
ʲôǱ򣬸һЩϵ潻棬ôĺг޺
ٿЩҰǰɣȫܺӣȺķеľȻû⣡
뽨ĳҪֳѼֻû׫дһĸĲˣ
𣡣
ȾãƾٰЩǶŵ͢棬ЩĳۣͬӴû˼ЩеûҲһܲѡ
ЩǸȥȾԼı׶Ҫûˡ
ʲôǳԲʳҪ췴
Ϊʲôһأ
ۡβʳӡʵ汾
̫˰ɣ


34 
Ȼ֪̫, ִϵ£Ҳûеʳ۸񻹵͵ĳ̶ȡϾҲһ, ǽ±Ͷƽġ
Ⱥÿζȫû뵽ĵط, ݺһţ
ȻҪֹǸµģһѾˣƶǶѾʼжˣͶʶѾųȥ, ûпЩ˷ġ
˵ԼҲûá
Ҫ֪ԹƬϵЩ, ʵϰ˵, ҸҴ͸ʱ, Ҿ͸㡣˲۸ңҾͰˡ
Ѿȥϵͳ, Ϊʲôûи, ʮа.žΪʱܶ˼ҶݣЩҲû飬ڲҪ
֮ǰŮŪʱȾѾ֪ϵͳת߼ˡ
ֻҪʱѾˣǶҪصעģ
˵ҶǫǮ
Ǯ϶շ͹ģΪӷǱ߾аų˵Ĺ¼ЭͬǱ߸ӷĲ, ȸղзˡ
ԼΪӷָģǮȫǱߡ
ҶǫЩǮ˵, ҲѾڳڽЭͬʱѾĵû˲ŶԣӦûǮô༦һܸôû취ȥ򶫿ƶСеˡ
ⲻ
ʱЭͬĿĺô, Эͬÿһֽ֧֧¼ϵͳĿֱӵó, ȳһϵͳܽЩ롣
һƵľ
ȣ
ɶӣ
Ǽʲô֣
Ѿˣ
ȳϣ֮ǰǶʱעҪڹŮǱߣо¾йڴ۳鱨棬ͼ˽ط췴ЭͬߵЩˡ
˭ҶǫǱߺϵͳǱߴݹϢ˵ǻרעƶǵĻЭͬԱǴԼæӷ¡
ҪôȾЩûоٸʲôҲǿġ
׵Ҳ̫⧲˰ɣ
ȱסԼֻҵʱӷʱЩҲǺûк˵ģҪȻҲʺһҶǫλЭͬͷ˵ˡ
ѹסǵĳ鴤ԽԼļµĻҲһѾˣϾЭͬҲûʵʲôӯĿǰȻֻǿˡ
ֻЩ˵Ǽдȫ
ð
Ϊʲôд
ݺݵظշһ²
ЩﵹǻвǮпԺǣĴҴܵĸǡ
ǰǴɴҸЭͬɻڣȺȻΪЩӦþҶǫЩˡ
ҲֻЩҶѣͷܹģҾʵ϶жǸһٶЩȾˡ
ЩǲԼȫҵ˰ɣ
¶ֳʹﻹǶҶǫЩǵ˼еʮ־ġ
ɾʹ塣
ҶǫէһȵĻЩûӦǰЩĸǿʲôģЩɿҲǡ
ͻȻԼ羴ޣҶǫ΢죬Ǻܳʵ˵ȻҲܸǮƣһҲûж١ǵǮʼЭͬ϶ɾˣȴͷҲֻǸ棬΢ʾ⡣
ЩҲֻеʱֱӱ˴ҶǫдԼ֣˳ڸ汣ĿǣҶǫȰ˵󣬶д
ЩĸǮиƶСеĿЩõʽ𣬶ǲǲС˴͹ģԼһЩȨġ
棬ҶǫЩԸΪ˰յȨģҲһȨģ԰ղмһϸ߸ϵġ
Ȩ֮ΪݽģȻҲܹͨգ֪ЭͬὨʮܿɹġ
ûΪݾͱ塣
ЩǮж٣Ͼ˭ںȨ֮ͥоͶǳԣģٵһһٶ࣬ļҲûбȾ١
ҶǫҲѧпԺӵţĿȴϣ𵱳˵һμʱĳʱôҲ벻Ĺ⾰ЩȻûоʲôȴһֱǴϢʲôҪ͵ӷķӣҹҪǱݻģҪһƶЭͬƻġ
ǳ꾡ҶǫԼյЩϢᣬԾڸͷϢͬˣͬļƻֻҪǵжģôȻϢְͨ취ݵЭͬ
ЭͬὨûκһЭͬıб©
Щ˶ЭͬĳԱЭͬҲûпܻȥʲôģҲðŷգǴϢ
ҿһò
Ҿǲʵӡ
תͷҶǫƣȴûаЦ
ˣȷˣһ⽨ʱǽ
ҧԿƾЩɣΪںЩ֪ԼǻʵۣЩڶ֪˴ĳҲֳ֪ȡʿĻЩһְȥ˵طǲǻطϺȡ
ڡ
ƾٱ뿪һҪЩоٺȫھʡĹԱһӰ࣬һ뿪ǣ
ţ϶Ҷǫ͸¶Ϣм֪һ£ճ飬¿ȡʿ
Ȼû˵Ѿ£ΪЩǲֱԭط£Ϊȫֵһᡣ͸¶ˣЩ̿ʼϰƾٵ徭ȥ
徭ãάַ⽨üǧ飡
ϢҶǫϣ˫һҾ֪¾ģ̫ˣ£Эˡ
Ҷǫֿʼһٶ»ʵĴꡣ
ȿҶǫԭ˿ȻҶǫ»ʵĿ佱ŸоЩԾ
һôȫڿ»ʥǼ˫ûԼ׼ҪΪ׼κݡ
оϳ
ͷһֲԤУϳ鸡ЦҶǫʵ˵Ǿٰƾ٣ǫμ𣿡
Ҷǫûеһʱش⣬ǳĬ󣬲̾˿Щ壬ҡһΰɡ
ЭͬǱ߻߲ˣܲľǾͲˡ
Ǽ֮˼ѧҲǸѧ־ǿʶ֣徭ЩǲҪᣬһЩı˼ǱҪģǽЭͬỹԶôҲҪĲܷİɡ
ƾٰѾôˣٵȵҲûʲôܲΪǰ̰Ƕˡ
˵ϴοƾѾʮǰˣһοƾٵĻһοƾ˭Ҳ֪ȵʲôʱ
ҶǫﲻܲԴ˸еźʧ䣬Ҳûʲôúڵġ
Эͬ˴Լ뷨ҲһɡٺĵļɴҵǣҶǫǵ˽⣬϶ҲǺһġ
Ҷǫ֣ǼﻹţǹͻȥȢӣ޸ĸĹ¼ҹ˲һҺ˻Ȱȥġ
ҶǫƼԼԱЩʧ˵ȣȻһ˼ͷԭźıȻһμӿƾ𣿡
Ȼһμӿƾ٣
Ҷǫôһ룬ִƾٵһɨգֻԼһѾԲˡ
Ȼڻ֪ң
μӿƾٵĻȻҪ˶Իģܹ֪ˣ
ƲҶǫϲıһۣ˳ǣĮػشֻ㣬Ѿƾٵӷˡ
Ҷǫ
--------------------
лҪ˵
Ȼб꣬źܶûע⣬֮Ҷȷʵǹ
ƾٿ϶ڵģİǰľݻûأ


35 
ȿҶǫ±Ƶı, ͻȻ;Щˡ
һû¾͸濪ٵأⲻö۸һ½
΢΢һЦ, סԼ, ԼһЩҸղ˵ʵ˵ǫҷһ£ƾʲôԭ򣿡
ֱת, Ⱥ뿴ҶǫҪ»ʽ䲻ʲôģ
Ȼ鷢չȫ, Ҷǫ΢˼, һξԼˣΪʱ򲢲ǿȡʿʱ, Ӯʤûбʤɱס۾ôѵĿ, ʵʥ
Ҳ֪Լôʥˡ
Ҷǫ»ȻǲҪȼ׷ʵ, ͰԼ֪˵˳ϵĳǿ϶ЌԹġǱȻģ˭»ʵǻÿһڴһĳĳǴʱһȻΪıȡࡣ
ѷλд󳼵ľټˡҶǫʱ䲢ûôעϢ⺮Ȧ˱ټɹ볯ΪˣҶǫΪԼҲȫ֪
ӦԴ»ʵǻĳǾټͱ, ֮ǰȺԱҲܿЩ
ҵȺæµЭ֮ͬ£ȷʵѧϰҶǫԼȫΧЭͬת, ѧϰҲôõĽ̵ѧ
ټ֮ӵʦ̵ۿѧ׼, ȡĽʿ඼Ǳġ
ƾ׵ʵ۳ȥǼβǻڴоټȨ, Ҫ.κͺӵȥЩ
ھټĵ·ٺ̸ƽ
ĵиȱƲ˶˴˽
һȻЩ˼ĳľ֪ԼıĹ⼿ȫ͸
ԭȳǽڱǰûнӴ񣬽ʡ֮ڽʱǱ¿ڣҪЩǲʲôھܾˡ
ʡڱѾͨǸ͹ͻϢݵҶǫǵĶ
ȻЭ֮ͬǰûȷʵڵЭͬѾ˵֮鱨ܶûõѶϢᴫݵЭͬڲ֮С
ȻʳڲѶϢ˵ǲܴġ
ǼȻ˵ǼֲסˣҪƾ٣ô»ʾȫԴΪڣװִȨûصС
ȣ
лҶǫ»Ժ滮滮úܺãԺٹ滮ˡ
ǲܴģĻʵ۾һϸĻ
ǸᶼṾĻ
ʱٿҶǫֻһۡ
ҲȫûкϢҶǫΪЭͬ᲻ȥμӿƾһȺٶᱻЭͬھꡣ
֮ǰȿƾٵǸĿĻǴˣȺܺǲֳ۸֮УطĴ鷳ˡ
ھ桭
Ǿ͸Щɡ
ȽŲ鸡Ҷǫ׼Ҫ뿪ʱܻв׵֮ءȻĻՌҶǫ˵ڣȾҶǫԴŲ˼
ʵһæϣܰһ¡Ҷǫɿ
ԵĻҶǫЩǲϣͷȣϣԼܹ⣬Ȼȥá
չάЭͬǵ룬õϿҲǵ롣
ŬĲѯûеõκջ뵽пܻеġ
ǱǷЩҽ࣬ǼݷҽƷε鼮
֪ʶȷʵǵäˣȥЩĴ򣬵Ƕ˵ģҲûͷУͷôҲ˼ҵĴұôܾô
ЭֳͬҲЩˣڻӴ£ٶЩ֣ǵȻҲȫûпǹЩ
û취ȻȥһЩЭͬԱĵ軧ѯ軧ǵûʲô޵ЩӣЩЧЩûʲôãûõǴ
ЩӣΪȻǸ鼮֮мصĶܿϧЩǷԼܹѰҵ鼮ûҵⷽйصġ
ϾǶΪľıȡܻһȤ飬ҶǫǱеĴĳũ飬ϲЩƶǵĳ淿Ҷǫ滮Ƶġ
ҶǫоЩһǰãһҲǾԼ˿ƾٺ·ŵط٣Щ鼮ô
ҽӴĺ֮УҲôʮⷽȤģҵһЩôȤѧϰôоĻ顭
ûС
ְõֱӿʼ͵ˣΪɶҪСյѯżظ˵۵ǡ
գЭͬΪԺ挝ܹøĲ鼮ЭͬﶼͼݸˣҲûԼʼǸĿꡣ
˵ף»Щܹȡ鼮̫ˡ
ҶǫȵظԼһӦǹŮ棬ܹЭͬŵˣȿ϶ʶġ
볢һһ᲻ڶ⡣
شҶǫ򵥵Ȼ˵ҲûдⷽоҲûⷽ鼮ͺˡ
ǡ
[Ұҵ¼ڹӼĵڶһסһ˵ʹĻڶʮһ±Сݾʺϣ]ϵͳ˸߲ҵҶǫ˵󣬌չʾԼ
ȣ[]
[ûЩ]ҧ
ϵͳӦûĵطǳ
[Ŷ]ϵͳʮֹɵӦ
ȣ[]ΪʲôȻϵͳŶо
˵£ȷʵûа취ЩԹۡ
Ҷǫһÿθǳô£ÿγÿҵĻˡɢĹâǺĵġ
ȻÿڱʱһҲû
޴ϵͳĮ،Ҷǫ˵мͷ˸͹
ȻԺҲûˌϵͳзָ[һû㱨ҵϢ㱨ֶô]
[ϾǾϵͳ]ϵͳ͸һɰͦصԺϢ
[Ҳûڿ㣡]ֵģϵͳʵĻһѾˣ
ȳ֮⣬Ҳֻ܌ϵͳǿҵ²ۺָ[ϵͳϲˣϲˣǺܾΪʲôһȴϵͳף]
ȴ²ţȻԽ˵ԽúǺܲʼϵͳ
˵캣ºͨĿܣ־ʾԼǿһ㻹ֵͦġ
񲻻ʲôɣ
ϾϵͳǱȻǲ׵ġ
ȥҪ־ǧСҲȻǲ׵ġ
־ķΧӦΪʲôҪעһʷ̴̳ʼѾŤ˹յģʷĻጝ־Ҫ
Ŀ𣿣
[ⷽİɣ]挝ȵɣϵͳȫƶ[ϵͳɷ־ҪʲôʲôģϵͳʵȷŻᰲŵ]
[ϵͳѾܼ򵥵ʱأΪֹϵͳɷδгҪ˵ַǳ򵥸ϵͳ¼ˣ]
˵ϵͳչʾϵͳɷݣдš
[ȱ489923012־
ݣЭʮ۹]
ȷ˺üϵֻ֣ܳĬ󣬌ϵͳԼ²ۣ[̶ֳȵҲܽ¼]
[¼İ]ϵͳɷǳƶ[ֻҪͬλ«ѵ]
ϵͳݺ˵ȣ[]
û
չǌ𰡣
--------------------


36 
ڶЭͬǱ߾õȴӦṩ鼮, ЭͬǴЩƶһжοжľͲЩѡеѧˣھѡֳ·ƶǡ
Ž̨ϵǸĽѧ, Щƶǵһ¶˽ˡ֪ʶ, ǰǽڵ֪ʶǵСдʶ˼󣬾͸ˡ
ǽģǷԼڻƻʱ̿ϰְ֮, ֵԽԽ, ͷΪ, ٿһѧϰ, ˿ֿ࣬˽װࡣ
ȺֵʱȻѾвٳ˶˳ɨä, ܶೣֶʶ, Эͬ湩Ķ鼮ҲܿĿʶһЩͨϵģҲû̫⡣
ѾһˣڵȻڻʹڽϵͳʡͷɨ赽ģһԿͳۡ
зͽ췴ˣ
յõϢ
طŬ
ģҿ
Ȼ, Ҫǲȥ𣬶Ѿ, ͳģ׵ɱ췴Ǳȥۡ
Ϊʲô췴, ٵĲз˼Լǲ⣬ǵһ
˵ϵͳǵһɨ赽, ڴ˵ʮʵ̫Ƶˡ
ʮǰʱȻǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ȻһЩˮƽĹԱȥ˼ô
Ѿûںһֳ̬¼
˭ʮΪʵ۸Ƶټϻʵ۸İȨ·ŸǣǵطĴǣԼĿһֱעѪףڵطĺǺ͹ԱʮأܶũʧȥԼغл
ЩȥˣȻȥѡ췴
췴뻹ܳԵϼͱߡ
ǺȻģÿһǻһ¼Ϊ˹󣬳ְսҸطѹͲҪ˼£ǹѾ˹߳ļν·ˡ
һϵͳɨʱѾʡڲϣػ˼νһ;
ԭطеսô׳İ
ˡ
Ÿطеļνһ㣬ڵ㡣
Ҳͽֹ롣
㲻ʡԱС࣬ȥ˼Ϊʲôһû͵»ݣᱻ»֪Ҵν㡣˵ԼҲЩ֪֮ġ
ԽЩɣֻаѾĹٵɹˣ߼ĳǱȫسȥھߌطļȨǰδеĿ飬Ĳģط
ġ
ȫ˵ǲҲգ˼ᡣ
˵ųȥôĳӦòҲʲôɡ
ʱͻȻæϵͳѯųȥЩĳʲôЩĳһѾˣһҲҪһˣʱٶӦҲܵأѾֵһʱˡ
[ҵΧֻܸǾǰ]ϵͳ޹رʾԼǸС
[ҵȻ֪]ϵͳܸۣ֮ǰҲҪԼȥϣȥ˽۸صеһЩ죬[ҵ˼ȥ־]
[־ȥ´½ˣڴƬʲôkɣ]Ȍϵͳ˵
ϵͳյҪ󣬳ɵ˵[֪֪־kʶˣҲĻ]ҪȻҪ־ҲҪϵͳת
ڲһҲܺýͣҲʶÿһϣһֻֻ۷ʲôͬأ
ϵͳĽͺ󣺡
[ʼʱ˵־һֱңҹҵ]š
֪־˻Ȼǲ֪ġ
[Ϊ־kϵѽ~]ϵͳʮյȻظȻȻǺȰһȻ־Ǳ߾ͱʮ
ȱȵϵͳס
ضѾˣھҲûʲôãʵҲֻǰѵطǱߵһףĿ껹Ǻƽá
ŬжϵͳʷϺ˵Ѿ˸ı䡣
Ȩλ
ִλֻҪǰѻͳȥаѹǰúáҲܶҪǰá
Ϊ˼֮ѡȨѡǽὫ
ŮڹΪǹĶ֣ʹеЩҲԲó£Ὣִ˾ڴҪλĻƴɱѪԲãֻҪһ˾ͺá
ôͺƽ
һʼ򱱺ͽὫ֮ԥģ򱱺ŵ㹻͸طĹϵǻĻط͵ģҪоôõطϽὫͳ
ǵǴκ򱱺ʱ򣬌Ȩƺ̰ΪʹԌЩѾ˰ɡ
˵ὫͱȽʢټϻйŮڻʹӣҲܳƵݣὫܶȨҲʮֺȫҪ򱱺ܾ
ڽὫҲ򱱺һȨûʲô̰һֻϣȲʲô⣡
ԹǶ˵ȨģȽὫ㹻Ȩ֮ûҰҲһҰĵģ
ĵ˵ͷ
ȶݾֱԺЩ߼ĳȷʵ˸ط֮С
ǰ﹡ϷǰֻʣһƤǵĵũţֻһƲ䣬ǿڱ˽λ
ǰճũɵ䣬ǿŰĶ֮еӲݺͳ溦ȥϣΡΡŵ뿪뿪ʱũҲҿλǰһۡ
Ϊ飬ݣտǻ̢ܵġ
ˣûˡǰ
ǲ֪ǰ֮ǰжԺգֻµϵүѾӲ̫ʹˣ󣬾;ܣȻһطһһһ죬Ҳ֪Ƿʲô
֣骰ǰ۵Ĳվ˵Ƿꌝɣ
ǡѾλүʮˣۿסԼ뷭۵ĳ嶯ѾǼõͷˡ
ԭѾǷˡǰ˵š
ǰǰĸλϣȻҲܶµģȥسֻʱҲûٸ־ȼõĹҲʵָҵ顣
ûм˼࣬
ǰȻҲҺųСھ֮г󣬾ǷٵģĲΪֻ󼰵ġ
ȫ֪ԭû˻ЩǵԭҲûйıֵʱá
ǵԼʡͷʱ򣬿طͳЩѹ£Щͬ˵ģЩǲ֡
ˣҪЩȥũ֪أ
ǰţ͹ЦǵŸȥе֮ҲΪѡܣ˲ףӣʹգ׳ãѹ¶ϼߣ١
ǰߵүںɶ
֪û
--------------------
лҪ˵
١Ǿߣ˵ھš


37 
ǰûԼڴ֮, 뻨֮꣬һ䵽ƶطûл, Ҫһؾ͸Ӳܡ
׫дһԼƶ֮е, ԼѾƻõĽԼǰ֮ϲ֪伲ʡصšⳭݣ˼ȥλͬڱضͬǣʾԼϣܹõǵһЩο
䵽ʷŵռ֮һ, Ҳյĵһ, ԼʱҲĳȥ˺ܶż
ǰϵ, Ҳͬĸп
Щ˱ǸҺž˲, ڽԴ¢ϵʱǱܵý, һֱҲԼ۽ܿ㡣
ҲйֵܶóƵ, αصЩط󣬶ط٣͹ȥһЩѲӹ߾ֹȫһ
˼ĹżȽϣǰطֶϾϵ
һЩӦеĿ˰ԼȥѧѾ֪, ¿콲ѧýѧ͵غٵ軧˰顣
¸ĸ, 漰ԼӵĽ⣬ٸ˰Ҳǲܽܣŵᰲ˽ˮũ, ԼũߣǺڼٸ˰, ЩǶǰҪûκ
˵軧󣬸Ҫڶ⡣
ǰҪȥҲʵּĲǴλũľ״Ҳġ
һ䱣˽ϵĲϡ
ЩܴһֶѡΪܣϴΪ
ƶûЩͽڴǰسֵͽɱѾûµˡ
Ȼںܾܶټȥ䵽طĺȫ޽ɽˮǰ˵򵥵ġ
û˸һλǿεʱ¡
Ҳ˵ǰеʱ򣬴һڿһԺǿ׳ĺֻţ˵ض佫ǺЩĳǲԸҲյǰְϢҲ˴ӱƶŽʮķ˻ˡ
ֻǷ˻Ҳʧˡ
ƶܹЩƶڸḺ̌ţò˵ɽһЩӣƤҲҰˣȻҲвٳԵݻҰޣɽûġ
ЩǰҪġ
ǰܹľҿǱһȼӿǱ߲ܻ᲻ЩȥµĻĵأûзԵ⡣
ƶص˼ǣＸûʲôõأҲûʲôԿڸĳũĻĵء
ЩӦôãԽĶ⣬ǰʱҪͬĵط
濴ǰţ̾һ
Ѿ½Щ˷ʲô˼ˡ
ЩÿȱְλźܶڣѰĳûа취ĲŻȱţλְĳλһ̶ȺЩԽͻȻӭж⡣
ǰǱԵҪ˻ƶء
ֱھְģȱȱȱûʲôطȱ
Ͼ͢ϣִ߽ƱȨĽȨգвʵ۵ͳΣȱְԱ̫ͨĳ·һǧʣȻᱻѹٷݣбٷݣ²ľֻٷݡ
ҪһЩͻʣΪʲôȥôЩͿˣͻȻͶôˣǲģȥٷҲúúõģһֱ˵ãǲİֻһ޼ա
֮ǰҲǶԱ߽ʿЩӵһԱλú󣬿ŽʿڵѣֻȫûκηŵһҲ֪Լ˭
Щӽ춼˦һȥдŸͬǣ㲦ٸҿ˿ۣҾһң
Ȼʵλôʲôףȷʵˡ
ĵλûҪЩͬŶʲô࣬żֱӼӼĳվ͵˾ڡ
ٶҲΪ֮ǰʷ˺üи׵ĳǸйһʱŵλþͱȽϿڲԱ֤Էľ԰ȫ
ĳ˵λûǺܿǵģʱûôӿ쳵٣Ҳֻ˰µĳ̡һȥܿʡ˾Ϳʼ׼ˡ
һĲʣҲ˾ͷϢ
Эͬص飬һͬűسˣŮǴžͷȥ򶫿촬ھǰδе̫ƽֱ羭ô䶯󣬾ڵ˰ղûнͣ˲١
յԼʱҲᵽԼĹЧ˲٣ĶҲ˺ܶ˹
ϾƶǮ֮ȻҲҪȥģǮǻصС
ʼЭͬЩǿŲˬԼۣ澭ЧһĺҶǵĵһӾƽ
濴ŵڶʹļ飬ѾڿЭͬƷӡ
ŮǴķʹĶģϴҲһ趹ʲôɾ
һʼҲǾܾģЭͬ᲻һЩ̾ĻӹɵģⶫȻҲǴɫ۹⿴ģҵķ˹ŮãԼûоͷ·һ
Կ£ѾЭͬȻǺλ»ϵġ
̫ǺЭͬУϢ˵ڻɻ¹ǽЭͬˣⲻ͵лڻʵ۵˼𣿸Ҫ˵ЭͬԽһĶ˻ʹֱӴϲ´ͨۡ
һʼŮ볯ֻ֮ǱѾıõģͳǺ󣬲»ܹ׾ٵִƣܽЩ׵缲
ʱ䣬ǰǱ߷˻ûˣڹҲˣǱյŵĴǱеĻҲҪɢˣҲһɺƽ÷
Լʱڳǰ»ʴ˵ҪҪΪֻ档
»ʱνţֻǡ
žǱ͹ţйЭͬὨۣԼ֮ЭͬΪԼоһ˼롣
ʲôоһΣĳȵϢ
ֻԼǵ̫ٶһЩӣ۹۲Эͬͺˣⲻ岻űʵ̫ץϲµˡ
ҲȫûдӾǷЩѧһЩЭͬôƶġ
ʸǰš
ҪҲǱƶضɽأֲɣɴֲ֯ӲľҾߣֻù
д˺ü飬±ʺע⵽ԼЦŵ
Щʲôأʵ
ΪԼŵүΪǸŻشͩڽ£ԾǱߵ̶ӹеĽŷ򿴵ֱи۸ˣǹ°͹ٸȥˣڿ˵ͿϧûʲôЭͬǺÿ
Цĺܣھʮ꣬δ˵ʲôЭͬģЩŷǵӴúܣ֪Эͬĸᡣ
Ȳ֪Լһֻȶ˶ٷ籩ھŬֲԼλݡ
ǡ
£ǳܰὫڲϣʹ顣
Եؿλʡֱʹȥǿ͵̫ҽԺͷ˵Ľ
ڽὫԭְϣ¾ĹһְһЩͳݣҽ佫Ǩ˶ݣԼĹŵὫ϶ѡ
ȡ
е̫ˡ
ԹȨô
ĬĬԭὫԴϹҸְλƻ
--------------------


38 
̫ʵ, 쵼Ĳô๤ͱԼɵģʵİĹͷ, Ӿͻɺܶ, һ
ţûΪὫβͷȨ뷨
挝ʹĽὫһǰʮָжס˽ὫǴȦƣΪͣȫ˾Ϲ, Ӧٹ֮, ּ
շӦ
Ὣйڹ, Ǹж, ｫֱֱӴƷ˶Ʒ, ˺Ὣ⹰פԵǲˡ
ƴǵǰὫ, һϣδǽͣǰʡʵȱ֣֮ĪڽҲų²ߡ
ҪǲͣȻǰѽЩְЩʱ, Ȼ˽֮к˿ԽΣ޾ټЩ˰ɡ
ĥ, ԼԭýὫȨգһ˷׷׹鸽£Ϊ뷨ǲˡôһַʽҲǲ, ֱӰЩλòϽὫĸҲһ൱ѡ
ЩĸǻǽὫټȥģ϶ጝὫټʮָм, ҲõԼֲˣ»ʵ󣬻Ȩȹ鷳
ǰὫȴ˵⻰۾
ԼʡͷЩӣȫ˵׵ĻĹҪ飬ÿһֶϵãûмܹġ
ԼµЩʲôС
ȫһȺ˻ļһǣȻҲȮ֮ҲʼŬϰֶ˱ɻһ־͸еԿۡ
ǸεĿ⣬ȫǌϵ
ĳҪ»ʾټˣ»ûͬ⣬ĳҪ»ʿȡʿ»Ҳûͬ⡣
ڣ
»ʾȻټ볯Ϊ٣
ⲻʲô
ⲻʲô
л¶䡣ȫ˵ܾӦһЩʱϸ˼ǣΪ;ʵ˲š
µ˲У򱱺Ǳ߿϶еģ
ǰϴ󰡣
̵һжӱ·ԸͿˣǱԸҪôİµĺǷŵĳλϣǾͻҪİ
յź򱱺
򱱺֮һϴµʱ򣬱ͼѳȨΪ
ԭһֱûз佫ֻǱѧ˸ί񣬸ĳܹܸͬİ취
ЩĳеԹȫûҪ¶˼׼ôĬĬһ˵˰
򱱺ʱ»ƾԺﺰĻжԸӡ
ΪЩ˵佫Ƿ
ǵıȫ֪Ӧôݣô˴ƵĻʵۣ
ƫ˴ƣȴҲıԣ۱ô˵ôԼİ취Ŀģȫ˾ܾĻȨ
򱱺ʱһ壬ʾϢľǡ
ⶼǱĸı䡣
򱱺ûпЩ佫볯ĳǹ壬۲ΰԵı¼±ȻĿڵġ򱱺һξܾΪ֪»ʱµ֪ͣˡ
ͺ򱱺˵Ƿ¸ű߾ͺˡ
Ȱ棬ҲԼġ
ĳİ
򱱺ԴŬƼѡ
һʱ俼ǵȻЭͬˣЩǿ϶»ʱµĸ򱱺϶Ƿǳʵġ򱱺һ벻̫ǱǾټģôҲȥһټֲ֪Эͬ»йϵ
Ȼ޵ͨὫôҪıȻǾеˡ
ͨ򱱺Ϳˡ
ǰЩǱߴ󽫾Ĺţ˵Դ浽Ǳ֮¶Ȼһ£ʿѵĸɾȫһˡ
ԭ𣿣
ȻǲôִзְĴУҲȻҪ»صڣõĴȥ
ǸְԱվ
ڱ߽̫ƽʱ䣬ÿһѵȫеİԱϣʵǽ߽ǱߵְԱһϤ˽תĺôӦô˴򽻵ġ
ȫȫӸַ涼Ϊǽʿǿǰ
򱱺Ĩһᣬ֮ǰЩ߽Ǻһûв˼Уʱڲ׼Щһʲô򱱺Ѿȫ뷨Ժʼ׫дź
д֮򱱺ûסԼҪҫ飬ǱΪǱĳҲʵ֮С
ƾȥ»ʱ£ı£ǧ
ǺüʵŴӾǷɳ۶ʳȴ˸磬ãȻؿ˿ܡ
[ͳҾҡ]ʮ˵
[Ҫͳ]ϵͳҲʮֳϿҵʵ
ʡЩԱǣڹɺã[ã˵֮ûǺܳɹģ]
ʱ˿̴ӸյϢ˵ʡĳ˳Ĭ
ԭˡ
²ҪټˣҲҪƾٵˣΪѹͲҪˣģ£
ⲻУУ
ЩʲôӰ
ʡĳǻǰὫｫ֮ǰЩְûвݰ
ǽӵǱߴ飬Լٴһ顣
ڸǰæ
ڸǰﵹæ
ȥˡŨصĺȦ˵ȥҲҪһȥˡ
ò˵λֵĽὫʡʹȥĳʵ̫ˣЩĳбס
ὫͲҲãסιȥܻ֮ġ
ЩĳкܶͶС˰Щ֮⣬ģ;ûеʮģʮǳ̬ˡ
ιȥĿܻ˵ģ
ȨٺãҲҪܰ
Ǳ²Ըиĳ볯ǺãȫͬĻҷǽЩŮǻɡ
ѾʼЩһĹŮˡ
ǲԸ֮ǰͳ˵ѾֵĺǹؼĽ׶Ρʮֿ϶˵棬ǳҲֻЩһЩвġ
ڳĹ⾰ЩҾò̫ʣλôΪģ
λĴ˳˼
˵ĹвʵǸҵӵˣȻܷ˭Լأив˵ȥҲǸ˵ӣԺҸŵϱҲûôѡ
ȥеĴȻϣЩң
ЩȻȽϷҲǻʶĶ֣徭ģ
ٲҲȲһѽὫǿ
--------------------


39 
Ǵ˹ʶ, ڶҸۡһ󰧺ҰһȺͲ𴲵ǱԼֳ//үү賿ӱק, ʮ֡졯̤˳ְһ֮, Ҳûʡ֮ڡ
֮ǰְĵطڶˮҲⲿ﹤İһЩǿԼǰ߸ߵ飬Ĵš
ЩĺȼⱲҲûпôְ
ܲԼϰ뱲Ӻ͸ֱٿ, ȫҪɣ
һ鶼ź״, ȻЩΪΪĴʮֵĮ飺û, к, ڿԵЩ˲ǾֱȥЩʲôʲô˶ŵΣԱְɾ
Щ, һⰵյĹճ, ŴҶ֪Ӧʲôѡ
͵ЩȰѷ඼ˣǼЩӵǰһСɽߵ飬ϲӰ߷ȥصķطĴЩ֪𣡡
һ飬Ͼͱ˯ǵҶԽὫ˵Ļ, ԼЩФǾȫûκι˼ɡ
Щӵǹȥ첻µز£ƽڼҵʱ, еż˼ҳ谮ҲԲЩӡ
ҪȻЩһҲڻ竡
ʡͷӵĿ⣬һɺεɱۻǡ
ǣQAQ
Ҳȫû, ıҲڸǣɻĻ, Ļᱻƨ.ɿ
ǷӲ˸ãôҲΪɳЩһӻĴǷйһ¡
ʡսսذȻӹòãӴԺʡĹԱڿԲÿҹսҹ޹ˡ
ͷ˿Ҳ˿ÿ°·ʡſڵʱܶʡķ·ԵĿ⡣
Ⱥ竣ȫ˴ҵĽϢá
ЩǱסˣڵķЭͬƽҪȥЩǡ̸¶˺ܶࡣΪЩͷܶҲԼܸĳʲôӣЩ˸ǰӣŻôΪ
ЩЭͬ˾͸ӿԣʼиȥ˼ǽ򶫿Ǳߺ˵ˡ
ٷ뿪Эͬȥ򶫿ѶϢ
ŮǴôȥ򶫿Ҫʲô⣬ҲȫһԴǿԽҵǾͶû⣬ȥ˽ŮҪʲô
Ůڽ򶫿촬Эͬ˽ģʲôΪʲôҪ촬ǲû˽ô롣
Ͼڲ˺ڵҲ㲻͢һЩҪӴҲĸо
͹ͻļдȻ
ŮǶ͹Ȼв˶¸еϲټ͹ΪЭͬҲһжһЩϢʱҲⲻ˺͹ȥһռ˽ЭͬЩ͹ǵȻЩظĹԱ
ȻһЩëƤС£һЩʩڷŵĵط̫£߹ȥ׻˽Ű̫ϡŸɰͶӶ֮ġ
촬ҪĹԱȫŮ٣Ҳɴ˵һ˽⵽Эͬûͦģټ϶ԷҲǶ飬һȥĵҲȽ϶˫˺ȻͻῪʼ촬ص飬Ҳ˽⵽Ů׼顣
»ʱ׼飬Ϊ°Ѹ»޻Ĺ˹ɼ»ʱ¶ӡ
ЭͬҶǫλ»Բз۵ϴ£ҲĴҶǫͬ»˾
ټϺϴѧģټ֮ǰ˵ײ˽˺ܶණŮһǢ̸Ҳʮͬ鲻УҲܷ
ȻǾͿʼŮ̸ˡ
֪ڳеĴǶ֧ǰǼҲȽϸӣںʵ׶Σü˲͵Ҳ̫ʣҲܺʡ֤ǵı¡
Эͬ᲻һЭͬṩȥϷóĶ
˵¸ǰôʿʿҪصĵطй涨ģ򶫿ҲھķڣЩʿжʱûġ
ҪЩʿȥϷ̵ĻͲ̫ˣЭͬôҲɣģҪάʲôģǶԸ㶨
ô㶼ǳЭͬһ£
Ůȷʵ׼üԴŪģڻ飬ҲԴӼֻҪн̸ͺˡ
ֻҲЭͬ˵ˡ
ʲôԼǹٸĻЩҵľͺܲ˵˵һҴֻǸֵҲһδػøˡ
ΪҹŮⷽķִлǺģ֪»ʱ¶ǵļйٲѵ¡
ʱõɣͺܺˡ
ֻֻЭͬǲеģǵƽ׸Эͬ촬ˣŮҲɵֻ֪ЩǺƵġ
Эͬô󣬹Ͼͻ˸ͬЭͬһϴЯһ洬ΪЭͬҪκĻά޹ͲҪЭͬˣĺǾ͵ڽ򶫿۸̻ǡ
ȻûϾ
ЭͬʵҲòٻڻûʲôǮ״̬ⲻŮǶЭͬỹȫ˽⣬˵֮ź̸
̸ǵСɣһֱǳá
ȣ
õȨǷٰϢصٸһõĺһ¾ˮˣþ˸ϽʱЩϷǮ˿ɶˣǵӰװװ϶ߵļ۸
ȷʵЭͬͦں顣
ӷʼӯǺܲģϹ͢.õͷѾ׬ˣֻӵҲʼ»ˡ
һгʼ𽥱ˣʱǺŹϴҲûôƵӹԱǵϢյĽзͿ֪ˡ
ա
˼ʱѾܸԣĹԱǣϸҲͲһΣȻƷһѸ߷֮󣬾ͱȻӭܳʱƽ
һҲΪԭϵļ۸ʼˡ
ͷ֬ͲˣӷôҲǱȻ飬ɱȻ͵ˡ
ľǡ
ͷҲûʲô֪ʶĸǿȻҲҪӷ׬ǮоЭͬӾôĲ
ЭͬɹԭЩЩ˵ʲôܣΪ漰һѧݣƽ΢һ㣬Ҳȷʵ㲻ϸӣҲټ¾бȻͻЩ̵ӳˡ
ۺϵ£µЭͬ˵ǳҪ
ЭͬҲйǵġ
ⶫ֮ھĺãһԭлʹԭ򣬵ϷĻϷǱߵ˳ԲһҲ̫һ
Эͬڳܷյʵ̫Сˣ⼦϶ܷһҪ˶֪ʱǰɹһЩнΪˣϷ϶ܻӭһΪ
ҶǫⶨһЩƷʱֹշ棬Ǿ߱ȽռƣһЩϷһ±ʾĴֹڼǱ߼۸Ҫϡ
ⶨ˺ҶǫҲûоǰ龭ЭͬῪƷд˷ţ͹ȥһ͹ȥˡ
ȻǸġ
Ͼ˭ܱ۹õأ
ҶǫǶš
õշ͹ʱϵͳٵԺбĳһ˶ɫѣ
[ǰԤ]
Ѫɫŵֶһµȣ[]
ͻȻҴżˡ
Ҷǫһôʲô
--------------------
лҪ˵
Ҷ޹ġ
Ҷ´һ
ۣ


40 
һ, һϰ˵[ͳֱӺ˵˰, Ҳˡ]
[Ҷǫѧ, ıż﷢˼أʵ˴Сɼһ.ҹͻ䣿]
[ԲӦ˵оϣʵʳʮˣ]
[ܲͨ˵, ɹ´½Ǳȡ, ]Ц͸һľζ
ϵͳһȶ˵Ļ, ٶԱ, ͻȻ˿[Ⱥ󣬺Ȼ;Ƿȫûʲôˡ]
[]ϵͳ, ûסͷðһʺ, ֻڷѣûκΰοͳ˼
ǸҪο˺ô
[Եʲô]΢΢ۣĿҪͲ֮ǻ
[ûʲôЭͬŮǴЭˣһºһҺˮУЭͬᵣ̴Ļһ̵Ȩ档]ϵͳҪܽ, ˵[Ҷǫѯ, ҪЩȽϺʡ]
ȣ[]
[ǣȺŮôģż£԰ɣʱ촬ô𣿣]ָͷ, Ůǳ򶫿Ҳ°ɡ
ⲻ
ЩŮ´ͼֽҪأ𣿣
ȫûʲôԥ, ٵذŲ𿪣Զٰ⼸ҳֽĶϣҲ˿ȷʵǱϹٵݺöˡ
ֳ︡ͷ֮һ
ôѾʼӦˣ
һĿϬصȼ˵򶫿촬صȥ
õĺ
ĥ£оҲӦҪһ̡
ܲڻûС£һȺרҵĹĹʦȥһҺĸĺĸǺĹҲһ
ŪһҺȻԺһ£ǰߺ˵·ߣǰڵĹãȴŲڳʲô
Ů֮ǰƵĺͼֽ죬֮һʱ䣬ºˣô̵ʱ㶨һСܹ˻óҲеŰ
С̴ҲСȥģ
ȰǼֽȥˣûʲôͷϵͳ[ͳص½򶫿Ǳ߼ĵߵżЩ˵ļ֮ûᵽЩʲô]
[Եȡ]ϵͳȵҪؼȻһЩؿ漰ݶժ¼ʾȵǰ
[ǰ͹һ˴ľӣɾ˵ǣʱ򶼶һ⡣]
[Ů˵߲֪ж󣬴ҪģҪ÷һ˵ᡭԷʮ֪꣬ʲôǰŪ]
[ǿǰĴͼˣʿ˵ԺѾһЩģҪĻԴߣɰ˴æ]
[ͷȻиƴ룬Ҽܵÿ죬˯ͷ벻ôˡ]
[]
ϵͳгѶϢ飬󲿷ֻŮٺǵţѶϢĲ࣬һЩƶǴдļͷǱߵЧһЩ
ȸϵͳгƴ£žǽ򶫿Ǳߵ׷Ѱʵȥ촬ЩĶûл
Ϊɳɹˣֱǰ̲ϱƻߵгϵʬ壬ô¡
ŮǴǵõʲôϢȥݷ˵ۣõ˵۵ĺͼֽԼһĺŵпɽ֪ۡ
ŮǱߺʵ˵ۺݣۺܵķЩֱӰѵǰʵ۵ĺСƳɵģ˷ĿԺܸߣСĺȷʵҲãڽʱԸĽͿˣʡȥŮǱߺܶ顣Ǿ֪Ϣ
ºһ¾ܺã
ȿһڸѶϢϵͳԼõĽĸ룺[ôȫ綼ںԡ]
ϵͳڱQŸȷʺƨ[ЩΪû취]ʵ˵Ҫ飬ϵͳֱȡصִʣЩѶϢϵͳỮֵ֮ȥ
[õģ־֤ˣԲǿȥ´½ģ]ϵͳQźźϢ
[ǿллkˡ]ɣ
ӵQQȥͺûӵСϵͳȿʼ˼ԼҪҪЭͬả˵飬оϺûʲôͷ۵Ϸ㲻֮磬Ҫڳƺ򸽽
ϷΪεĹϵΪ֮أܹ
ޣ
ʲô
ȽԼɢȥ˼ά˻ͿԶһС̫ٺŷ۹ݽշ
ţʱɲʲôʡݽ۵ʱ䡣
ȴϵͳϵͳֹͣ˱Qٸ˻Ӧ[ľټۣټġ]ϵͳԺ˵ݣһϸ˵ݽЩټߵϢ
ȷ׾ٵľ˽⵽ĶԸְԱһǳϵǾ;ټ˺֮ǰְλȵԱƼλ
ὫӦｫˣҪȨ𣿶ûпλһȻôô඼ʶ
˫۷ѡȨѡȻûë͸ϵܲĻԺλǻͲòôطƽȹȨˡ
ʱյõϢˣټ۵˰£ȻֻĵȴջĹʵ֮ǰ֮ԻᷭôΣԼ̫ļˣ
»ָš
ܺƽģ
Ӧշȴշӹۣûпֱշ͹žһӡ¡
۵ݽշ˰ȥĬĬԼ°ͣʼϵͳĥţ[ͳ˵ЩԸ˵ϸںǲǿȥ򶫿]
[ҪȻôɪɪıʣ˼ҶֶȨô졣]ȶԼ֪ʮ֡ȷҶǫЩΪƾ٣ʵ˾⣬ĳǿ϶Ƕس־еġ
ھֻЩĳǲͶģ
ϵͳҲ뷨֮ǰҪعԷΪίض˵[Щ˵ڽͷǱߣҪܲ˯ƴͷ]
һͷȣ[]


41 
ȵǲԼȥ˯ƴͷ, Ը⻨Ǯ϶ҵջסġ
ҲǽȻûʹʳһЩ, ˱Ҳǻúõس겻˷, ҪţҲǲܽס΢һ㡣
ܹûҪ飬ȻϣԼ΢һ㡣
Ȱ˵ȵϵͳתַˣ[ϵͳﻹǽȥһ, һֱլ޵ӰĽ]
ϵͳǺܹԼգ
[ͳ, еǿլָĽġ]ʮ˵
ϵͳҲ˵, 
[Ѿкܳʱûҷš౦è󡷡⴫Щˡ]ϵͳǳ, [ҷרҵγ̡]
[û]
ȣ[]
[Һúѧϰϱ˰]ȿЦ, ֪ԼŵϵͳǸСɵ, Ǻ˵ˣ[ûʲô£ֻ֮ǰؼңԵżϢֵ滺Ҳͦá]
[֪ҪڷܶˣϺЩŻȥרҵ֪ʶȴ鷳ˡ]˵, ԼҲȷʵжʱûгʹˣ֮ǰҲпҪҪȥЭͬ⺣˵, ֻǴϵͳǱõϢȻνˡ
롭ȥһȥɡ
ʡ̫ûȥЩָŪʲôϲ
һȹȥûзʲô, ҲЭͬɨäԽԽˣļдҲ, һͼȥЩﶼ˵Ǯ˵ľ񶼿ʼòһˡ
ټҪֳкҪ󣬸һԼԺ˴ɨ֮󣬸ͷҲźЩ
競ѹʡ۸˵ĸҹЭͬƺţҲٳ۸˵ҲƶҲ롣
ȷʵǰδеĺ
Ȱָ£ƺҲЩ鱳Ĺϵ
˳˼
˳Ĭ
㱵תͷȿڰ̨칫ҶǫͻȻʶԷЩܻ»ʵĸִȻ̴һͿȻûʲôë
ȣһǴ
ˣҶǫУȵĴڸʵ̫ǿˣǿƲסԼƿۣʲôע⵽ĿԼϣҶǫò̫ڣǳʵ
Ҷǫһ̧ͷֱӾͶҶǫ˫ۣһͻȻץĴƿԼĿ⣺ûС˵Ҷǫ£˷ҶǫΪεؿ˿Ϳ˵㲻ͬ
ڹǷݣҶǫҪ˴ļͺˣôҲǳĿ
΢ҲףԴ񹫿ҶǫǸɴֱӰЭͬжȫ͸ˡҲ֪㣬Щ顣
Ȼǹ͸ôҪԵ˾ͲҲҪԵЭͬȺǣ˵ƶǿöдҪǵ顣
[]ȷ˿
[ЩǸģ]ϵͳκԭ˵
[̫ˡ]ȶȻܾǷҪļģҪļҲϵͳ[һ۶дװųȥֻҪʶֵ˶ܿöóô˽أ]
¸пԼѧ˵ϵͳȿ֮еļЩɻ󣬱ҶǫʵôͻȻôοʷѣ
ҶǫʻȻԣֻ˵ֻóһͷڡ
ԭûд֪ЩģϾЩλŴ˵ʵ̫˸еˡ
»ʣͷܿİվͻеܲ޵Ĵ֮ˡ
ֱˣҶǫȻǲܳ̾ϢػشЭͬĳԱ̶ӳк󣬿ŵ̫鲻ۣٺ󣬱ܸ档
ܸҪ𡣡
Щ̶ӵûй£˵ھܳ²ϡ£Ȼͻˡ
ЭͬҲҪȥġϾЩԱҲǰЭͬһھ·ģֻһھеͨͷͻǸ硣
շʶƳȣؿ»鶼ͷһæջԼĿ⡣
ҵȼȻھڣ˵ԩٴΪβϱȥƲ⣿ͷǿҲǾģҲ㲻̼һµطĹԱǺ;ġ
ԩٴҶǫҲֵܲӦô˵̹ȻˣЭͬ϶Է͹Է˵Լû۸ֻڿЦ
ԷĹ͹ڵعԱ£Ҳ˵ֻڿЦ
Ǿͳܸ档˼ұ۸˶ϣ⼴ھ˵ˣҲ˵صĹԱеġ
鲢һںܶطˣֻҪȥֵģսִ඼ͬС졣
󣬾ȻûоⷢչʲôֵĵطȷʵͬҶǫ˵˭Ҳ˵˵ô
Щͻˣɡ̾
ҶǫҲ֪Ӧô˵úһЩֻ˵˵һʼǺԷǵǸߺͲˡ
ǵҲһģ˻ҪԷ
ҶǫȲ̫ı飬ʶȲһ¡
ϾͷЭͬҲֻϻ£ûµġ
Ҳȫ·̨ǵģ˻ƽµسˡ
Ǳ˵ϹʱһλʷȻԹˣʾЦȴᣬǵĳԱǵУӦΪԷƾٶܵͷһѡ
λʷǵĳԱЭͬ飬Эͬ뷨ܸȤ
[λʷǲ]ȷʵͬҶǫϣһЩϵͳ˵[ǱôЩ졣]
ôϵͳ˵ˣϵͳȻȻ˻ش[λʷ֮ǰпǸҪ˺ܶݵġ]
[˵һܺ㣬ԲŻҪôݣҪȫȫطзˡ]
ȣ[]
ˣķΧλʷһسȥλ
--------------------


42 
[עЭͬʲô]Ⱦ, ϵͳ϶ǻش˵ġ
ЭͬԭȳȾΪı, ټ϶ԷҪЩ
ѲһֱڴıλĴ, ʵ
ʷ͸Эͬľ裡ҪװľӣƷ⽨ͳΣ
ȸж˼󣬾ͷٴ״̬Ó
ֳķչ򣬻ˬһ¾ͺ, ʵԶڵĲٵ
û취, ҲôΪЭͬж, ȻھǸʲôĺƽ԰Ѿظ˵, ÿһȶҪ档
ת˼λʷôǿնķչȥ, ôҲûпǳȻ
˭λʷҲְҪ, һӾ˹ȥʷҪĹ϶ƲɣԲҶǫЩûΪȥЩƶա
Լλʷ˼ʮֿţ˽ЭͬᣬҲǱߴ츴ƳһЭͬᡣ
ʮа˾Ҳֻλʷͻĺġ
λҪôݣ췴, ҲֻؾսΪ֮＾Ľ׼ɡ
, Ⱦǳĺ
ô룬Ҳ͸ǿûʲôϵ
ô˼⼸㳹׷
ҶǫȻǹעȵı仯, ֻʼΪԼٵӺ˿һ˼, ˶̹Ȼ
ʲô취һ
ʲô뷨ҶǫֱӾͶѯ
һ¸ղҶǫ˵ݣӷת£˼ԼӦҪʲô뷨º͵ؿҶǫûʲô÷ֻĺͬ۵ĹԱΪƿǵİգǺǸıġ
ȵԺЩٺ󣬿϶ıġ
˵źĻƾѡ飬Լδ¹ǾԲŵģ뿪٣ô¸ǲѡ
ť»ȣԲЭģ
ҶǫȶǵĿ϶ˣ
ɿҶǫסԼǣٿʼԼǰʣµļ鴦꣬õض˵һȥѡ֮Ҫȥ˵Ķɣ
Ĺ+1
£Ҳûоܾ룬Ͼһʲôֵأ
ҶǫѾûκθˣ
ѡʱ򣬻ҶǫģȿɲȷԼִĿ⵽ʲʺʱȻûֱô˵ǺҶǫûЭͬﵣʲôְ鲻Ӧ֡
ְŲдҡ
ҲȫûҶǫ׾ͽˡҶǫ˵ӦˣĿأ
ҶǫܻİѿȽĴһЩھȽʱеİڼҲЩҶǫЭͬܵõʽԼЩǳɹȥĻܹõӯ۲гЩϷĶھò
Ͼ̵ֻ϶ǲġ
ȻҶǫͷ֡
ȷʵĴϷĶ٣ǴͼϷǱߵĿʽϡ棬ܶµҼ۸֮뿪ˣɽʵ͵ĳ档
ҶǫԼɹĶͼ۸ٿϷЩͼ۸񣬹ǰЩϷĹƷɹƻ
ⲻҶǫͷ˷ó£ֻ׼ʱЭͬЩ洬˵Ϸʱ࿴ûʲôöһЩϷԭϻҲ
һЩصҩġƥ֮Ҳԡ
Ҷǫⶨ꣬תͷҪǱûʲô飬ͿȲ֪ʲôʱչʾ̨һֻľϲȵŪţƹƼװֵͦǮģҲûֹ
ľϲȵʮ־ɣÿһβǿԻģҲԱ仯չߺ£̬ҲĵڣҶǫУֻľϲȵɶ칤ҲΪ
Ҷǫ߽۲󣬿ʼ˼ǰЩϼļĹЩǮͷ¿ԣĲ٣Ը
Ҷǫϰ¼۸
ʮ
ûעɼǱ۸񾪵˵Ҷǫ
۸ҶǫҲǸ۸ҶǫûôԥϾ˵ϲֵǮ
ҶǫҪͳԼɰʱһֻذҶǫһƫͷͶǴЦ
[ûˣ]ϵͳȵԺ֮дţ[ûҷԲ֮С]
[ԶԶԣͳģ]ʮַܵضϵͳ޵
Ҷǫȵؿȡ
ػǮֻǿһѧģֹŴеĶǺȻģҪ˵жϲǻڡ
ʮҲǴִǮȿ۸ľϲȵȫƥ䣬ȫɱۣ۸ȫƷеĺøС
ֻǿ˼Ǿ㲻ϲҲǸȤġҶǫţǼȻȾܾ̬ȺȷҲӲҪǮöԷ¡
Ҷǫ࿴˼ľϲȵĻĹ󣬶ʵԼ𣿡
룬ҲûʲôɾܾģľϲȵǿһĻʵղҲֱ£ѰЩˡ
ҪĻҸϲūȲӦûпظҶǫ˸˼Ѷȡ
ϾҶǫһļǳСϣ
ҶǫǱȴǺȫֲͬ뷨õ𸴺ȫƲסϲ
ԸĶ˵ѾԼˣ룬ҲǽÑԺǾ˳ˣȫȲ
ͳĵӣ
Ҷǫı飬ͷɻ[ʲôأ]
[]ȫĵϵͳܵ󣬸ϵͳصѧģһϵзյó˽ۣ[аٷ֮ʮĸǷڶڿԻϲ]
[ٷ֮ʮĸĶڴ顣]
[ٷ֮ĸżΪ]
[ȻĸǺܸӵģҲȫǣжϡ]
ϵͳһ仰Ŀûס࿴Ҷǫһۣһע⵽һòȻܹƵϿģȥһֱֻע⵽ǺȻʡ
Ϊȡе˵ͻȻˡͳôһᣬ࿴һǶô飡
ȺܿջԼĿ⣬ȻΪһ֣Ҳall-in
ϵͳĵһȷʵǿģϾԼ֮ǰͷĴۣЩдôཨ飬Эͬ󻹸ʼʽ𣬶ԷĴǶô
ûа·ϵȣͽⲻ֪ʲôʱŻᵮ׵Ժ󣬷öĺ˻ȷûĻص˻ʹڡ
ڰ
ڰ
ôһΣʹûʲôʢ۵ˡ
ǲװ
̫ˣԸȨҲ˳ϵš
ҶǫЭͬͿʼҪȵľūҲľèè
¶Ҷǫ˵ʵҪ򵥡
ϾһҪĳģҶǫľʵĻе챾йڼľϲȵܹԻĻؽоһ
֪ʶ㹻Լ˶ԴĪĻ£Ҷǫֻڹ֮ʱͼֽƹһܺľūͼֽҲɡ
Ȼ󡭡
ҶǫܿͿͼֽ֮ĵһ
еʱ۸ֵҲǿҶǫϵģû취ڴ֮ǰҶǫȷʵһֱǱȽϴͳ
оһֱͣоѧϰ׶Σľ£ȷʵ֪ʶäˡ
ƵĻҪⶫľҪܸߣҶǫҪľˮƽûи²ġ
ŸտʼŪͰľڵŤŤѾ̫˵Ҷǫ
ܵش
ҶǫЭͬͷܵܶ˵Ĺעġ
Ҷǫͼֽʱ˻ΪʲôҪ飬Բ˵ʣڿҶǫǰ߰ľģľãȻӣЭͬĳԱǿȻͻһ¡
ҶɾѽҪʲôľҲһЩҿæЭͬԱһЩСյ˲٣ܶ˼ļҾ߶ԼЩҪľͷԼġ
Ҷǫ̾˿Ҳûʲôģ˱ʾ˺֮ҶǫܸɴİԼƵͼֽ˳Щ˿
ԱǺæֺ⣬ҶǫҲܾˡ
ūЭͬԱһ۾ϳˣ԰æҶǫⶫӸȤڿҶǫһ߻ƵҲоѶȡ
ⶫ̫ˡЭͬ߻ĳԱٶЩĻˣͼֽϵıע״ҲоһЩ֡
ͿȺǴῴѾͱʾģȻⶫͼֽǿǾͿ϶ģ飬϶ܹ˷ģ
ѮŵӷصЭͬᣬƼһȺԱΧһŲ֪ʲô໥۵ʮּҡ
ʲôأѮߵҶǫߣɻѯʡ
ҶǫЩЦЦǰҽͼֽ⡣˵ҶǫпѾԼ˼۴ˣð
ͻȻЩΪʲôܶɴѡ񿪰ѧԺˡ
ѧһҲǳгɾ͸С
ѮҶǫ⻰Ҳǰһ鶪Ҷǫ˼뵽ЩԱ֮У۳𣬴һ
ЭͬԱǿѮЦŸѮ˸λŷѮ˵һЩüĿˣֻͼмĹҪ̫ߣҪôܻĻ϶ģ
ԱԷѮ˵ĻҶǫãȻһ˲ظ
ʲô
ЩһһЩңҶǫֳԼѧڳο֮УȷʵһʱûȥעЩ˵ʲô
ԣҶɾǾֻҪҪһ˰ͼֽĻһ˸һֻҪרһľͿԣǺܼ򵥿ġͼֽĳԱǶҶǫͼֽ
лҶǫÿһĶϸϸûǾ˵һһ˵˵Ų̫ӣѧ
ѮЩԱǵĻ˷߽ܵҶǫ޵ǫ԰Ϳʼ׼µĹ˰
˺ܶĽƶǣЭͬᣬѾǺô˰
һ˸һط뷨ĲЩԼ򵥻ˣǿǸţѮĵضЩԱǴ
ЭͬЩԱǱ޵ð⣬ȫ˼ӡ
ԭЭͬѧϰ֮ĳͷɻ֮⣬ӸЭͬ׵İ
ȻһֱǽǲЭͬˣŬѧϰ֮Эͬͻύǡ⻰˵˾ЩǺ֮⣬ȫûʵС
ڣǿʼе̵ĸо
¹ЭͬĳԱǸŷѮţϲЦƮε֮С
׼ͻȻЭͬƷã֮лعҶǫ
ôͻȻ¹ˣ
ǣûС
ҶǫҪһת
Ѯ˵Ҳģ
һԼ϶ϲһܽܶѵ¹ģ
˼άͨ˳˵Ҷǫϼ˻صС
¹
--------------------


43 
һ֪Լ󼴽Ϯһ, ֻЭͬỶĵڶ죬յϵͳÿɨľصѶ
ϵͳѾȵ.֮, ѧ˲, ɨ赽Э֮ͬж¹Ĺ滮Ԥ°ϵͳڲҪ룬Ҳӵ㷨ΪһҪעݸŵѶ
ѶϢ̫, ֻԼ㱨ȥ̫١
ŮǵǴο, ΪǶϵͳ, Ǽǵõģ
ЭͬҪŪ¹˾, ϵͳǷȷ׼ҪһҰڼûʶʲô̫Եĵط, ǻԼĶʮľϲȵ
İڼȷʵǹ, ĻЭͬὨڼķ˵ϷȥȷʵǸ⣬ǲ֪ЭͬĹİڼô
ĻҪڼȻģãģ߶෽찡ͷûǿЩģԼҪ¯ӵҪ󶼺ܸ, ջǵҪֹ
ϵͳɨвûдô鸽Ĳɹ嵥, ľȷʵǲ٣ڼҪĶһЩľƷ
ľδҲ̫ˡȾЩ֣˼ʲô, շյ̫Ĵϴϲ΢΢ͷ, ȶߵ˵£ｫ˵֮ǰɳȥĶһֻѾˣҲ
⻰ȵıһٵذǲ̫ҪľԺ
ҪԵģµΣ
ȵʱʵоҶǫջƶǳʹ۳ɹǽʱˣԡ
Ϊ׼뿪ƽȣҪΪ΢һģ߾õǷǳ
ЩȥѰ¿ˡ
ҪΪѰ¿£ǵʱĽὫҲܱʾܾµĿжҪҪǳܹ»εĶȥѰ١
»ʵŵģȻµʿˡ
˵ɺȱὫô֪Ǳп֮⣬ܿס
Ϊȸǡڻʹ￴ġ
ʱǸöȻʱȣ֪һ㡣
ЩǵˣǾǱ߿϶Уǵøȥ
ȣʵۣԣ
˵֪Ƭϵпʵټ򵥲ˡ
˵磬ƽ磬˼˵˲һصĵȼһģһģҲ˵ϵͳĵϣҲǺȫõġ
ﲻ᳤ȣǱͼעĵط۹϶Ҳеġ
֮⣬ﻹ־أ־ڣǻỹûзֵĿ־Ҳָ
־ää֮Ĳ࣬k֪ôֵģ
Ȼ֪沢һ£ҪΪԴԵʵԵʱָʮطʵҲ͵һúעҪܵġ
úɶǽĺö
ɶҶǫֱӷ˶ã
ҧٴμ˸𣬿ʼ˼ɳȥѰҵСֶҵʲô
úĻͷѾʼʹú̿ʼұˣҶ֪ʹòж֮⣬һַǳȼϡ
ĻǾ͸Ӳö˵ˡ
ʵҶǫЭͬʱǲ˰ѰСӸں͵ʱĽὫ˵֮󣬶Է¶˺Եɫ
ʿѾ̫ˣǰһʿͳˣΪѰҿʯ϶ȥЩѰҵĵط˳ȥ˺ǾǺ«޾үүһһҲֻܱʾ˾ɡ
˵ΪʲôܸԼôӣ
ط˼룬ܿʹӷ˼˳
û£ǻʵۣʲôԣû˭
ҵ˿Ҿǲɣ
һʵۣԣ
ֻͷڿ֮ûάּ룬͸һ뷨
ⲻǻһȨ
ȨбȨʵ۲ӦҪȨͨϵıȻʮе
ʥǰǲĽʿǲʶɽҵ󣡡ҲǳؼĿʯ͵»ǰ
󰡣һɽﶼ󰡣ǾӵԽһˡ
Цеذ˹׳ı۰򣺡Ǵ󹦰
һ佱óϲ֮еһ飬ϴԼʹȥѹ»Ҳܸп˵Ǵ󹦣ȻֱӸһƷ
εºܺ򱱺ƽƽ
ԼĹְо߳ܣλ»ƾܲã»˵ֶʼЩæ˵˱²Ⱥ֮ѫ򲻸ҾӴ˹͡»һ䣬ҪһƷ󽫾ȥ⵽ʱôȥ˰
ȿҪȨģôܸƾܵĻ᣺ɳ˶ྩʿȥɽάֵľЩյʷ̨౾࣬񾩳̫ƽôͲǽĹͣ
˵ʷ̨Ҳ㣬ӦùʡǱߣһȺ竱ŲͣЪתɻ¶ûʱ䣬æһؼҾֻϢ
ûڵǸ£ʷ̨ǱȻͣ˲١
ֻ˵Ҫ˵ģǾġ
ǾŽ͵ĻһﶨĥֻǰЩӽΪｫҲٸ٣ȻЩǽѰҵģôͽɽɡ
֮ѰĶѰҲմɽͳһ𡣡
ٺ˿û꣬Լͷֶ˺üص
һ̣»֮ǰʡѹӡ
ݡµʵ̫ˡ
ɿʯԼôұãҲǰȫ˽֪ʶä
»ѾðˣȻûпٴ˵
ǱȻǵİܳأÿһȷʵǷǳΪǿǵģֻǱϲһ˵ǵĵ·ŵףȻΪӲԴ˾ӹ
뵽ʡ֮л͵ĸְԱʾԼھѧ˺ܶ࣬ھлĹԱ竣·ǰһڻ;ĳ˹ϵԺҾǵ϶ǰˡ
뵽֮ǰ򱱺ѯҪƼ˭ʡְλʱ򱱺˵ЩôܲΪԼôһʵж
֪»ȫȫΪǽʿǿǣϸ΢Ŀǣڶ»ҳϵԭѾΪŮˣ»ֵã
ǵı°
ȿԼĿ⣬Щ̫ԣզĿȥЭͬʱЩǿĿⲢûʲôȫǳ羴
ȻȾͿʼ
Ȩյʱ򣬼Ǿõοϵڸ֮𽥱ûбʵҲġ
ʱ򼴱û˼Ҫıڷŵʡ֮еĸǣҲۼò
[ҶǲЩ̫ˡ]һ룬֮£ܵʱ򣬻ԼҪǰʵ۸һЩְԼԼ۵˻ȥ
[˵ϴæιȥ]
[˵ȫߣֻһ֣ҪȥѲ£]
[ԡɻʡΪｫ߳ܣ񲻸ȥټ򱱺Ⱥ£]
ȳ˼󣬹˵[ͳɡ]
--------------------


44 
ϵͳ, ڿһЩ飬ȥھʱ, ŮҲ, ֻһȥ˽򶫿׵϶ǻе㵣ĵġ
ϰģӦҪһԱĽ
鲻̫ż, ЩǵĽʿǻһ, ЩҲˡȺض˵, Ҳ֪Ǳߵô, ÿգʱȥ򶫿, ʡǱί
ôһ˵, ȷʵЩĶˣǿǵİȫ־벻ˣڸж֮Ⱦܾɳæ
û˵꣬ȾʹĻ޲ýھȥһʿǻˣæµȰȥµ, Ż
죡һ³õȨ
Щ, ġ
ھ̫ƽʱ򣬻ýڳ߲׵, ȥɡ
ȶô˵ˣ϶˵ʲôܾĻ, Զڽ򶫿ŮҲȷʵǹĵĺܣֻһӰֻܸжӦ
οĿȥȵĿԼǰûпһ۵鼮ϣ˼
ղ֮ǰ˼ʲôţŶǿϵͳĽ쾩ڵҪѶ
ðȻȻϵͳ´ǸѶҳ档
ЭͬҪ¹ˣǸľʵİڼղſûɶ飬Ϊ˿ϷˣڼⶫֲйصĶȲǴĳҲֳܳԲܴģôҲ
һ
ȰĵؿʼһѶ
뿪ʹϹԼŬôҲ벻»ʱµ⣬ɱҪɴҪôҲûʲôܿɿ˰һֱǸ̵ģȫûκͷ
ܾܲѲˣפҲˣȫڿȥɣ
͹ûư
ҲֻҪڿͺˣµ˼ұҲôǵһֱѧҲֻôɱ˰
Ǻܳһʱûи·򱱺Щ佫ſڵڳ󣬻ֻܺƤٴ̤򱱺ۡڡ
򱱺յİݷûǺܾȵģ֪һȫô̵ʱӾȵ֮߳
Ͼ򱱺Լֵĺӣģսɱ¾һһ.ҹẰۣʡæְæʻ١
´ȥ͢ⱲӶûа취Լͽ⡭ɱ˰ɡ
˷ֱֻпʲôԼܽ
һֱܽȫ»ʱ´ģԡ»Ҫʲôˣ
򱱺ôһ룬Ͷóڴ
ھڵǰδеĺã򱱺ôͣҲδǳоôгˡ
򱱺УѾûҪ·ˡҲ˵ڿʼĻ϶ⶨ˶ԴطķҪ׼ʵʩˣ
ţ򱱺ɿذǱߵżպã˽뵽鷿֮С
ڼ򱱺ȣڿ򱱺ɫ͹ȥһûʲôɫԼĵЩڴӣʱһֱԷЩ
򱱺ЦŸ˱裬ûаᵽԷµ˼ֱӶ˵Ǳָ㰲ˣ
ʻ̾˿ҲĨǵģµȥ˾ַ֮⣬򱱺˵ˣ˵Ŀεض򱱺ʵүʶ˶࣬ɿ֮£
򱱺ҲסˣҲо̵ģΪ죬ôҲг͢㸺顭Ŷ»ʱ³⡣
֮򱱺Ҳȫûⷽľ飬򱱺ʶ佫ڸĳǣ˶Բɿκ˽͹ϵġ
УҲҪ˵ûУΪһСľĴϱQ
Ҳ»ʱ²ô࣬ŻֵɽӦ
ⲻ԰
Ǳ˼ǣô֪ܲЩ֪Щ󣬻ִλʮĽ飬ʵͷԡ
򱱺ôŬ˼ţҲûеõʵԭ
ǻģƫƫ֮ǰ¸Ÿְʱ򣬾ûкͻصְ֮ǰǾټѧϰĸְԱҲûڻɻģҲӦú֮ǰµİйϵ
򱱺˼ȥôпܵѡųˣԼĦ˼·Ѿͬ
򱱺аñŻĥ
˵·ص˴Ħ͸Ǹǳ˵ĺúӣ֪һ£Բܸų˷ȥ벻׵
򱱺˼޹󣬶ʵں˵˿󣬿ɻж˵Щʲô
ͷо»ʱº˵ĶһЩ˽˵ˣ漰ŮЩŤڳɺ󣬻ǴµذЩ˵򱱺
򱱺ʱȻ
ԭǵĲ佫ߣղȫˣԲô벻ͨ
˵ֵĺܣӵɳȷѿסģôҲ佫ô
ǱԭϣЩŮôʮֵĺ
ŮټƿЩҲԳ͢κвЩŮ֮Ϊ٣ȫΪ£ЩŮǿ϶Ǳµ֧ߡ
ҪЩŮٵȨҲܼ򵥣Ů֮볯Ϊ˵Ҫѡԭ򣬶Էģֱ빬о׾ٽԷеȨջأ˭Ҳ˵κεĲǡ
ЩŮپǱ³佫֮⣬һ֧ƿسõ
ŮڹְĿұȻ벻ŮǾ˵ϵЩŮڻֵΪڣھڵļλŮ٣Ѿڻ϶֧УҲϽݡ
Ů໥֮ʮϤҺ͸һеϵ
򱱺˼άɢԽԽеȻ¸˼·ûв͸һݿ϶ǲģ򱱺еĲ豭Сڵţ¼Ȼ˵鲻üͲҪͿˡ
²ѰȥŮЩʱѾǵ鶼˳֮¸֪Ůµ˼ܼ򵥣һжЩŮš
ϴεڣ򱱺ûкקģֱ׵İóĽ˳
㶣ʱ
¿˵ȫȫϸϸһһϸ˵ˣһҪȥȴȫױµĿġ
ô򱱺֮ǰ˵ǻ
ʲôʲô
Ȼ̫ˣҪΪġ
ţΪϸ˵򱱺лԼؼ֮һҪúö飬ԺҪѧȥĦµ˼ñǨ
ͲûаѼƻ˺ˣȥ´û϶ǱΪǣŻıԼΪ׼
̫ˣȫϱµĲ
--------------------


45 
ǱǴϵͳǱÿɨ贫ݵѯ֮, ˽⵽ķǳԵذ֮ǰ˵ʱż, һھǱ, Ųľ𽥰Լ鰲ȥʼΪ֮ȥ򶫿׼
ΪЩο
Щ°ɣһȫܺ, Ψһһʲôʲô, , Ȼżӡ˶Աô˸ж
ҪȨĻ, ҪıĻֻʵʲôʲô, Щ̫á
ȳ˼һ, ԼԼ뷨ģƺһڶĿ귴̺ͰǰǸΪⲻ̫õ뷨Ժ
ȫǷǳ
˭˵ȨͲܹˣ
ʵ۵ģĸģһһλʵ۾㣡
˵Լʼϵͳ, дСġ
ڳĻȨ, Ȼͻ˻׷棬ڳ͢ϳ˸ĸĿռ֮⣬ٶʲô
Ͼ
Լյʡ֮ιȥϢ
Ҳʲôħ
ɡ
ȡ
˳͢ڲ֮, ȨҲҪģһķΧС
ȾӦûǺ׵, ˭ĿǰѾǸҪ״̬أʱȨ϶ҪʱڶҪ򵥺ܶࡣ
ֻҪοִЩýôӺڵ˵ɰ׵ľͺã統ЭͬὨһ죬ΪǵĽὫΪǵĿݣ˴ʡԴ֣άֳգʡԴ֣
εҲ˵ΪĽǣȻ.Լλ»ʴӲΪĻо顣
¿ҲŹԷͷϣ˵ͣûʵ۶˸˼νⲻĹͻ˭Ĺ͡
ʲô͢˵»ʹãִֻߣⲻܣǰ治˵ˣ»ʴĻôῴ飡»ʰѿ϶Ϊ»ıĲ
ôıϷЧƷǶԳԹݵڴ
ȵȻû֮мڱʱʵмٲŻῴģƽ飬ƾͲܣһ·СʮƷУξĹ±ͺд֮
˲ݸ壬滮ô˸׼óԼæҶǫЩ֯ƶļƣĵʮͷǰǰ󻨷һʱ䣬߹˲ݸ׶θĥһݳ塣
ʱѾΪҪ»ʸõĹ鶼źúûͣЪһʱɳ۳ȥ򶫿ڿƵǿòʱ
ֻǡ
濴ԼĻĵԳ塭
ô˵ء
ĺġ
ҲӦ˺Ѫڣ֮ĽʮĹ£ΪʲôôһдһɸɰͰرѧϢ
ʱͷǳҪһֻرܽµҶǫ
ţ׼Ҷǫ
Ͼƪ֮УԼҲ»һͺڣûиԼ档Ҷǫ»ʵĿ׷ܵԼóöԷ޸ģܵԷǧ׷ɱ
ھΪͷ»ʲͺڣҲ׼շæѵ׼Լϵͳĸ׫д
ΪλδĻʵ۸̫࣡
ֻô˷ζ϶õģԭֱӻǮø¥ϷݿȾûӦҪɫɫҪӵһ㡣
壬Ҫ˵ƽǻ᲻ᰮǶ˶ɱָȤ
ڶųͼ޸޹󣬾͹ϵͳȥ֮ǰЩټܴ죬ھǵЩ߰ķ·ߵǡ
صעԷǷиĻͥĹٵľټ·ߣת佫ġ
ûʲôë˭˵佫ƼǣĳƾʧܵڣɲֻλｫټɹˣҾټȥҲǴĳĹ
Щǿ϶ŵõķ򣬿϶˶˼ġ
Ȩͼ˭˵Ǿ䣿
Ȼϵͳ֮󣬼ûлѶʱ䣬ͷھУסһԺҪҪоôʶǡ
ϵͳλƷԼѧ
ȫû
û취ĲҲҪѧģ˭ִ˶ǽܹǧŨѡ۷֮ѬճģԱȲ̫ԵʱȵˮƽǺѵ顣
еʶھѰҾټĻӦûˮƽİɡ
ЭͬЩǣǼΪ֤˾Ūֳıټǡ
ܺãشĵ߸ͽˣ
ʹȾһãʾԼϣû˷ԣϵͳҲ˭֪дʲôһʱ׫д壬ûͣٵڶͳ˻ʹ
ûк˭˵κɣʵ۳Ҫʲôɣþõɡ
ȥѰҶǫЩǾۼԺ丽Ƚշȥǰ̽ʲô˴ߣܿĿ⣬ֽŽڵһŬ־ˡ
֮ǰѾʵˣŵ־ܹ
־֤ԼС
ĿǹķżͽԶԺ֮УĿؿŷع㱨շ
£ǰûзʲôҶҲڼҡշʵػش
Ȼģȱڴ߳£ϵͳ֪ܲҶǫģ
ǾЭͬǱߣȥơڸ˽·̡
Ҷǫͷ΢˵һڳﱸ¹£òڻûгﱸɣˣȥʲôҲûʲôõġ
--------------------


46 
ȵЭͬǱߵʱ֪Щ, ôǰŵĹҶǫѾЭͬȥ, Ҫ򶫿ˡ
ЭͬҲʶ, ʶˣվԼˡҶǫҲܵд
⼸ʼƾɵСԺѾˣԭòΧǽѾݺ, ԺСҲȫ¸ǹ, Ŀǰ¥ľʽ, ʵΪ, ûôۣҲѾõķˡ
϶¥, Ųˮ, ӸߴЭͬΧԺӣ͹ȥȣΧԺҲʼһõҲûУȻߵЩǮȵһιʱ, Ѿס˵ӡ
΢һЩ
û취һطԴӵļ, ҼһѼ죬ֻٵ⣬ҪסŸ͹Ժ䷶Χ, и徻
ãҲûзЭͬоôķӡ
ȸеһİ
, ڿЩʲôѮΪͬȵƼȵı仯ģҲЦݣһڴģ
ܷչҲһݹͣ
ֻҶǫдţԹȥҲֻҶǫܿ䣬ҲҪ
Ѯı̫ˣȵȻԸǵ⡮βʳӡĿ־壡
Ĳ豭ȌŷѮװXֻǿ׾ԲԹ⸡͵Уҡ
δʱ㣩ЭͬѧòÿΣʱ£áѮϲ̵˵ȫûȸ˵˼Լãøʱ
üͷһȻˣϡ档
Ӧ֪·ӵ¡ѮǽǰһֱŪ·ӵ£ǶˣյÿЪᡣѮ˵꣬Ȼʲôһֱͦ˳匝˵ҪҪȥǵ·ӣǹǫͼȤġ
ˣҲ߶ȱʾԼǸլ¹λúӷһԼΪģȽϴЩ߾סŪˣ˸ŪЭͬ߳·ҪСʱء
ѮһҲǣⲻҪǱһС˼Ҵȥ·Ӳİڼ
˾Щɻ󣺡·ѾʼˣҶǫǼһдԤڿɲʱ
δ͵Ӻ󣬴Ҿȥ֣ȸЩ˸׼ߴСǰŪ˵귽ѮͻȻ͹ؿʼЦصһ˵Сӣڼȫǫȥˣ˵Ϊṩͼֽķãһˣúܡ
ڼͼֽôģǫһЭͬȥ͵ŵƿʼŪôĵӣǿļҹˡѮٺٺЦţǫ칫᲻ڣҴȥơ
ȻҲƶѣѮûоⶫʲôܸ˿ģʼǴһŪģĿ֮װûκҪĵط
ǿãȻҲǿá
׼ߴСŷѮĻоЩЩ죬עܿͱҶǫļС¹˹ȥ
ҲǣҶǫڻҪ꣬ҲжʮˣִСʱǴδˡ
Ҷǫо˵ûʲôȥֳѧ޶֮ǰδȢӵͷھǹ̶ЭͬҶǫҲԼ;˰ҵ˼Ҳ
ȿŷѮһ°ҪԼȥҴ̼ӣһ飬ڷѮԴһãǹǫҪ˹ģͱˡ
ѵķѮԼԴȷʵЩ˼ǲܣЦûٶ˵ʲô˸̸Ļ⣬Эͬ͹ǽѧʱ⡣
ȵִܹʮרҵǶʦģô̫ٷɨäľϵͳϿ涼УѮ⣬ȻɨäʱҲģ˵ͦûشġ
Эͬᴦⷽ⣬˶ܶʶ֣ۼʵòô⽨ͺάסˡ
ûмʶܹ֮Լײܵѹȣڱ˶㲻ϵ
ȻܵЭͬͷܶ˹עģ˵ѮϢȽпտͬҲ˾ȫ鲻ʱ䡣
˳ָʱ򣬾ͺȻȺͷѮʴۡ
ЭͬǱͶʦһЩѺɻ˭УûÿõͿʼ뵽֮УȵҶǫʱ򣬷Эͬ¥칫ԱߣһΪõͷȶˣЭͬЩԱǣΧǱߴߴ֪˵ʲô
Ҷǫͷĳĥź񲢲ڳܻҪܵӣǰѧʱģ˽̿ΣͷÑС͵͵ſΧǽĳ
Ȼʱĳ棬ȫûа취ǰȡ
ԴϲסðʺţҶǫŸ·ĳԱʵ¥ʲô
Ҷɾ˰סĳԱϸһϲ،Ҷǫ˵ˡҲȡ
ҶǫʱȻ϶ʱϲλԱ˸лʱŲ࣬ûһС¥̨ס
Ȼ󱻶ȥ¥¥ݰϡ
Ҷǫ
ûз֣ԭЭͬСԺȻôˡ
ĻȫˣҶǫǳ˳飬ǰɽ˺ĳѯʡ
ϤȺɽعͷȻҶǫȺʲôµĽ̵һҶɾˣ
⻰أͺͻȻʲôһһȺ˼ˢɢȥֻ¼޹ؿҶǫΪԼ⣺Ҷɾ/ǫϢʱ䣬û͵
ҶǫżãȻȫûзӦȻҰ仯Ҳû˵ʲôİɡ
Լͦƽ׽˵ģôʾ仰ķӦ
Ҷǫ૵ĻƮơ
Ҷǫ׵ûףҶǫΪЭͬͷ˾ԴԣټϱǷǳڿ£Լһ˵õģЭͬ˵Ҷǫǰ㣬һǳֲĹ¡
˵ΪʲôҶǫһľôʢ
ʵҲŬİ
ΪЩ˵ķӦҶǫıЩƣЩµ˻ȥɻ׵¥ˣܾеñʧɡ
ߵǼСſڣҶǫûüʰԼ飬ͿһֳֻԴӿĿӲӵЦţҶǫһֻȴЦ⌝˵
ǫ˰
Ҷǫһ룬ʶشúˡ
Ҷǫⲻ״̬ӣЦˣϵͳ²ţ[Ҷǫ϶ΣЩ˵ķӦ̫ˣͺ񿴵ǹ̯̯ܵûôٶȵģ]
[ǣûУҲǱİ]
[ǣҲǱ]ģҶǫģԼˡ
ȻЦЦȻûаҶǫǱߣûоúҾ£￴ղǱΧµ龰ͷ˼ôί˵Ҷ顣
ѮǸӣȻأ˵Ҷǫ򣺡ղ˵˺ܶѧõ飬Ҷˣͷ׫д㿴
ҶǫûЌѮ⻰ʲôرӦΪѮ⻰˶١
׫д飿
ϸһ룬ҲĻˣҾ䡶ôģûадҲʱʦѧļǣȿκл¼ǺܳΪ
ÿһγŶܷЩµ֮
лҶǫȻķѮļʵҪʱѧã
֮ǰҶǫҲһղ۵ݣҶǫȻΪȌǽѧøȤ
ˣʱ磬ҲûȥˡȾܾˣҲǱ˵˼룬Эͬ߿һۣȷûµ۶ӣһȻҪعĿǻյǷźҪôıˡ
ȲǿףҪߣҶǫЩʧҲûǷɿ쌝˵ԵȣҪ

ȸо֪ʲôкЩʲô֪ʲôɢǰͲǴ
ⲢҪȶ˼ʲôҶǫİ칫ұڸڣԵȺûͱ˸ֱ۳ľӽ
ѮǸľ£Լǰ˵Ļ죬ŲܿƵĺһ
ȵûע⵽ѮķӦһЩӾ翴ˣȵһӦŭϵͳʮ־ʵ[ͳ治Ǹͷɣ]
ӰӾ䣬Сķľ䣬һ㶼ǿͷ
桤ͷ
ΧȻϵͳɨķΧڣϵͳͰȵ[ǣľͷè]
ʱȷʵôһ£Щȣ[Ѿˣ]
ŸղŷѮ˵ݣһﲻæЭͬճ񣬻ʱȥͼ¹ԼղŻȥŪ˵飬֮⻹˼С˻ܸľèè
һĺʹһǶʮСʱ
֮ǰȾ˵˼Ȼ͸ӲܾѾϵͳ֤ˣûշǰԼֽ˹ҶǫʵԴ򿪿𣿡
ҶǫȻܾ㡣
ȴ˺ӣľèèʱס
Ϊ۵ĻǺľϲȵ࣬ľͷʸпܾɵĶͷȻȫë׵ģһֻڽɫèſ֮С
ȿ˺üֽۣľƵèèӺ˳ȴë֮Ӳľʴȷʵ
ȷʵľʵģֻܾɵ˲ڽ𽥱ɫëڿһֻʵèһֻľèèβ֫ƺ˻أȫǿԻġ
ëţûܹǿľϲȵһֻèĽṹѾܹоҪľϲȵҪɺܶࡣ
ȻǌúܣȻлĻﻹû˵ڣһ߷Ѯȷ
ǫȻѹİڼĳˣ
ȣ
ʲô
ڸоԼԵһҪ飬ͷ͵ؿľëߡ
Ⲣߡ
ҲǣǸľϲȵĶλǰڼֻèèȷʵëߣҲΪһڼ
ԣһڼ
Ǹ¹棬İڼ
ȱëèè
ȻԼյΪʲôôɵĶЭͬᶼˣ
ЭͬĳԱֹˮƽѾˮƽ˶ľˣ
ԸȻǵġ
ǵãǰѮȥ¹Ļ
ͼֽ׼ߴС
ĺܶ죬һƳģܲ
ҶǫһΪ˸˸ˮ߹ǲǣ
ʱڻʱϵ˼·ʲôˡ
ôľʲôõģ
ˮõģ
ͲӦÌǸľϲȵʲôģкҲˣڌʾҪԼʱҲӦþǶֵ
ôͲֵˣ
ǶʮӰˮߺ󣬺ЩʱмżֱˣҪ͹ʹĳһⶫǳʺЭͬƹȥ
ˮߵķѧ˹ȥָÿΪ۳֮дǧ˰գúܶ񶼲ΪƷգ﹤ҪͶ
شвҪΪ˸巳ˣЩû˻ҺΣգܸԴԴϴƸ
ȾԼⲻǽԼ˶ʮӣǽԼһ̫ƽʢ
[ͳ־]һϵͳʵ
ϵͳظ[k˵ͦõģôˣֳʲô]
ȣ[]
[ͦõ˼и]΢΢ۡ
[k˵ûаǷʲôĺ]ϵͳʾס
ûлش𣬼ʵ[и]
[k˵Ҳûа]ϵͳԡ
ȣ[ЭͬǸڼˮ֪]
[֪]ϵͳӦţоץʲôؼʣ[ˮѾգʽףˮ׼ҵģ]
[ȻǾתõĵһǿ϶ûģ]
[㿴־úõģ]
˵ӦϵͳĻһķΧȴת֤kĻͦõġ
ȣ[]
ôôأ
ˮҲӴҵõģ촬ҲӴ۵ҵãҲʳûأΪʲôˮߌ־ûʲôûӰ죬촬ȴ־оһЩ
ΪʲôȲ⡣
Ȼ֮ǰֳǣϵͳʵ[Эͬ£־ʱб仯]
[k˵ûУֻоҪ캣ʱиоǿһЩ]ϵͳת
ȾЩֵֹģȫͷԡ
ôչûйϵֻйٷҲŻҪƷ
ȲЩһЩֻʱ־ûӰ죬ۻʮûŻᱬ־һ
ǧСѻﲢȫεġ
и˼Ҳȷʵֻܰϵͳ˵ҷ
ԼƮȥ˼̧۾ͿѮҶǫ˳˵ʲôҪѹڼ졣
ȣһλİڼĳйϵ
ǫһЭͬȥ͵ŵƿʼŪôĵӣǿļҹˡ
˵Ǹﾹң
ͫ׵𣬻ͷ˿Լϴ˵ĺڽɫ·һ顣


47 
ȵȻ֪һ, ҲãڽɫӦòʲôᡣ
еëèè, ȿֻèèı, Ī;áıԼĪơ
һЦȻعͷͿϻǸ˳ӵշ
ȣ
[ղžЦˣ]ϵͳ۽𾦵
ʵû֪µȣ
ҪҶǫǴ
ҪèèΪʲôҪҶǫԼû
ãȾ, Ѯʱ˵ֻ, Ϊʲôֻһ
ǫ, һֻأ뵽˺ƵضҶǫʵ
һﲻڽèè, ׼Լһɣ
Щ΢
ҶǫͷѮ۵ĻѾ֣ѾΪʲô˵Ҫ, Ƕû׼ȵĻ, ͰѷѮһߣ˼ػشһֻʱ䲻û꣬ҪĻ´ø
ǾѾʼŪˣɷȸҿº͵ʵ
ҶǫԴ˵Ȼûʲôý, ³ֵķѮûһִӸڰ칫Ǳ߱, ؾûеݸˣΪǰƷ滹һЩĹ, ٻЩȫġ
ȿҶǫľӷŵϣͷͳһֻĴɫľèè
, ԭǺڽɫġ
Ȱ֮ǰֹоȥȥȾע⵽ֻèèе۾Ҷǫϵıֱһģһ
ĿһƣҶǫһֱŵ·ƺһ£ֻߺɫĲϵ׺
Ϊ͸ģһֻڽɫģҪģԼ
ȻȻȻﱩһϵͳ֮ǰûº˵ʲôżҶǫоֵֹģ
̬ջָҶǫϲ̵ض˵һᾡֻõģ¹ҵĻҰѴ¹Ǳ߸ɡ
ҪһֻҶǫèèʲô֪ⶫԭ֮Ǳڻǿ̫ˡ
ҪھܾͼѮѾҶǫһ𣺡ô̫թˣûиκȿڵĻᣬѮֱӴյǰ˳˵ҲͶʲôҪ𣿡
ȶʱЦã۽⿴ֵļλҲ·ӣʱЩΣôһͶ
ȻѮӦشҵ࣬ȴҵȻرֻϣܸЩı⣬͵ĺ⣬ÑҵΪòˡ
ȫĹŴѧ˼·ˣҶǫһġѮ˵Ʊ飬ʱЦˣҲû˵Ӧ˭˵Ҫѧ
ȽڸЭͬ͹֪ʶҪÑɻ֪Ǿò˼ԺЩ֪ʶڸˣյõˡȻܾ
ֲʲôʦЩ˱ѧʶҲͲһЩ㲦ѣȱ;ԼҲһ̸ܽʲôοͷʦ֮ҪǺܸߵģȲ뱳ôصĶ
ȻЩ˸Ñ˵ƷۣһЩ˶ĺõӡ
ǰȿûԭ
ȿǰЩһжӡ
ܾЩʲôֵĶ
ҲûٺǶ˵ʲôֻڽɫ.èè˻ʹ֮УϵͳȥһǼյ־Ͷŵʲô
Ȼ־ôףȿۿ䵽ȷԺ֮еģԲͶݴ
ʵҲȷʵûⷽ⣬Щ͵ûþע⵽ˡ
Ƿɵţûдռ˵ȻǷڷſڣǺܾܿǸǵˣ־Ͷݵôţݺɫһ䡣
ͬԺ˹һݣǰЩ̸۵Ķǿк˵
λɫҲúܲãҡͷʾԼûкͱ˵Ȼ໥֮ԴŲǾ¡
˭дģһʵ
˵ʮص㣬һ˵дȫһ˼϶ܲ³˭
ȻȲʶķ֮ڣҲҡҡͷʾԼҲǵһοš
λɫӲ
ǶóŵĿģǸ˽λ£Ҷ̫Ϥｫģ治ȫ֪ڡ
˭֪λ»ΪεݣĴĨ»ʣ»ʸġ
Ŀ
ЩȷʵǶ»ʺ֮ܲǰŮ볯»ʻ޵ⲻҪۣͻΪϲλ»ʣͬʱҲҪ·ߣȥλϵĻ쵰һ
ҪûҲǶʥв϶ǿؼġҶǫЩôԣǲҲܰûжЩһΪ˵ʲôô
ΪƿؾǱĽ죬λĻʵͻĻЩ˿һôûС
ο
ǺҶǫЩ˹ϵ㲻̫ãȴҲûҶǫЩǵۡ
Ȼλ»ȷʵͬ˵ֻ䲼һЩԼڻʹۿֶաɾȷʵҶǫ˵ģ»λ֮󣬴
»ʺܿȷʵ˵Ǹ
Ҫô໥ţԥţܿ˾ڱļһܾ֮ܿǰı൳Ż˺»ʺ
˴ǿѡҵȣҵȲϣҲѡˡҲ˴λᣬҵȲҪնԷ£ϣ»ʺѷ죬ǿԷ֮
ҵ»ʺã϶ҲϲġȷʵǸǱߵ·ߣͶãõټ
ķҲõλͬ˼Ҳ˵ҲǾãҵҲһҪǱߣ»ʵӣ˭ٲһ仰£»ݣԵõ»ãһ·ĳҲǨ
򱱺Щ佫ЩҲʮְȣ»ԵһֱֻС˵⻰£˶֪˵Щˡ
֮ԲԸ⿪ƾ٣ֻҲǶЩƹµҶǫڱȱŵĳҵΪβֱͶЧ£
һ˺Ȼ˼飺˵֮ǰϴ˵֮ǰǱȥغȥЩɱָεĴˣзӴˡ
Ϣһ˵ڣλʱ΢ЦϾżڣǻϲЩġ
صʹϵͳȥɨ⼸λҲõ˻۳ЩǵжЧȷʵܸߡ
[ǰϣģѾʼĸˡ]ϵͳ˸߲ҵػ㱨
ǰһ[ҿ]
ϵͳͰǲŸո׫дĿͷʾ˳ġ
ͷȷǳ⣬ٴʮ˵д֮ǰڱоְнĹ£Щ£˼ֱԣȫڴСġ
ȻӦļһ
ȺõؿţСͻȻʷһתʵͻȻĪð˳ͣҪȢԷŮýԷ¡
ȣ
ôķչе㲻̫ԡ
ôСĵͻȻҡһ䣬Сˣô
·һҳȻ֣ԭǰ涼̵档
ǻҵϵ»ʣָ飬һڴ󳼹ӭ֮µϻλ
ȻǼûд꣬ѾȫüȥҲ֪Щ׼Ҫôдչˡ
ǲҪҪ»ʣ˭ѳ·ӵ˼¡
ǡ
Щǲ˵õҪͶôҶǫǸһһ»ʴˣǲ̫Ķӵұˣǰǻĳʵۻģѵ
Ƕˡ
ϾȶΪ飬ЩҲΪ٣Լ֮ǰȫûз
²ٿЩȫߵڰ׵ݣò˵ЩһȷʵǺܺϸġ
ȷʵЩˣͻȻ͸оĶ
Щ˺ȷʵΪ٣
δʺĩԱˣ춯أ
[дû]ϵͳʵ
һЩдĶȻ˵ͼĨԼΪɾȥˣЩǹҲҪǱߵ·ߣ֮УдӢŷǷ
ڳ˼ȶϵͳʾ[νɡ]
[ķչҲʲô£Ȩ֮ǰôһ˾ڣ϶ǳĵͶԾͳΪȨһ֡]
ԼϷ֮б£ûٹʵ۱˷ԼΪǳǰնЩ鵱档
ָܶ˷ã»ʺôϲʲôвƷأ
صľǸ£Щһȷʵˡ
»ʲֵݡ
[Ϸﴵ»ʺܶ࣬ɳ֮⣬ȫûʲôʵ϶֪Ƽ١]ȽӴôˣǺġ
ңǺܿ׵ģһܿ»ٵİϷ
--------------------


48 
ȶ⻹ǺܰȻ, ʮȷԼĳ߿϶ãسȥôĳأǻܸ˵ûЩɶǴ塣
Щļǻ, иδȨ, ǿȨͶЧ
»ʾͲö룬϶ϴ׵ġ
Ȼмסǰ֮΢עһЩ׫дĺžǽѶϢ, »ʽ񻯹, ڻʹ￴Ϸ, Ƕд̸Цʤǧ֮ңС
ȿԼǰϵͳŵĹƿγ, ٶԱһЩǸдˬС˵˼
ԭĿ
ͫ׵
ȿЩǸ׫дϷ, ô˵, ֻܽô֡˭
ȡ
ǣûУϹ˵
֮ǰҶǫ̫ᴵ»ʣԭᣬǼһﲻǸͷɻƳ۽粻㣬ڴ귽棬Щרҵ
ȸʰ·磬Щô޸ݳȾûٿ, ֻϵͳдո֮ٸһݾС
ʼ»ƺƵ, ʵϵײͿѹûйעЩдɻǴѩĹĴϲʿǹɵ
ֵҲֻڲ¥Ϸߴߴ߲ڶ, ˵ûṹʲôӰ졣
ܴݿЩֵƶũ, ЩƶũķӦ϶ǡ»˲Ӱǡ»ʼȻôΪʲôܾأ
Լڽèèػ˸µĿγƵ
ԼԺ޸ĸЩ֪Ҫ»ѾԺˡǼıûΪЩܿдӣûٶʲô£΢˵㣬˼󾫵ȥдɸ塣
ڻݼ٣˵ǵ»ʶǰȥ򶫿֪ʲôʱŻǻвٵʱԶԸķ
һЩʱ䣬ȵؾ֮ЩıǷӦΥˣҲû£ʲô
ڿͶݹĹЩǶȷʵһ˾ͶЧһ㣬û֮ǰܸ߳С
Ǿϸ֮ǰЭͬİڼȳﱸɣһʽʼС
·ͷһЩǹȥھǣЭͬı͹һΪЩ̶ӳеĽŷЭͬǹ¼ҹ˵͹ѡԿ
˼ǧЭͬȻҪ˰ٺõģЩ͹ܶ࣬Ƿ߻ɵ¡
ǵģ¹Ѿһߣˡ
ѮʼҶǫëèèϾǴľͷè϶ȲëĿɰóȥۡ
ٷѮʱǺڽèèͱһסˡ
ͷжΪԭ򣬾Ͳö֪ˡ
Ҷǫջøְ취˵˷Ѯ뷨
Ҫ˵Ѯľèëʵǲ̫ˣɱҲΪ߰
ҶǫΪֻèè˳ëȥǮʵϲûбľϲȵٶ٣ҪȻҲû취ôʱڴӺüֻèǱߴճЩëɫȫһµèë
ҶǫҲãڹİڼҲԶһЩ߶˵ͶҲǲܼݣڸ߶˵ȫëģһϵΡ
ʲôë͸ˡ
ǲ˺ܶ༦ô˭˵ëëˣ
ȻƶҲûô๫ҿԴɱģҶǫµĹڼҾжëֻ·ߣϸµֹҲԽŮƶ˵ҲǸԴ
֮ǰЭͬʱӦˣȻ·ӣ֮ͷһЩ͹ߴߴĻ֪ԭˮ뷨Ȼ͹Լġ
ô˵ء
£ĺ͹ǵ
еʱҲһҪ飬㹻飬Ҳһ֪ʶǻۡ
Ȼ͹Ǳ߶߶ţڵһĻһĳһ̨ǲһȽţͿԶЩĳʱ򣬾͸ĸо
Щ͹ڳŻеԶˣ
뷨֮࣬ðɻ
Ⱥܿ˼ҶǫǱߵõ˽𣺡ʹÿһֱʶѧϰʲôģЩģҾ͸ҲһЩȤĻеͼ
ĬĬоѾµʲô׷˾䣺磿
Щ࣬ĥˮģĳûн̵ġҶǫʾִ֪ģҲ˵һЩģ緽Ѯͽ˵ԳӦķӣ˵ǹһģҶͦϲġ
ȿϵͳչʾĥˮʲô֮󣬱˱ۣԼȻоҲˡ
ȻѾϰˡ
ҶǫһĿΪɶ˽̵Ƶôḻ
գʰԼʹ۶Ҷǫ˵˵֮ǰ˵Ҫҵֻèأ𣿡
Ҷǫû뵽ȵĻͻȻԾ⣬Ҳʲôĵݣ˳ȵĻӦѾôˣù㡣
˵ҶǫҲ΢뿪һ£ûʹǺľӹˡ
һ죬ɵشӣƷèèϻؼɫģڶλȾɫ֮⣬ֻŽŵλҲǵɫġ
ĿƵҶǫɫĲϡ
ȷʵһֻҶǫèˡ
ԼľèȻҶǫǿƲסЦ⣬þʵôͻȻ
ϴǻᣬҶǫע⵽ȵı飬ô᲻עأ
ֻǵʱҶǫʵ׼ҪţֻҪܾĻѮǼһ˺治˵˶ѣ˵ܰèҲ߻úܸˣҶǫҲûҪǿ£׼¹߿ҵ˽ţû뵽ȵ¡
Ȳĳ˵˼תͷèɫĶ⣬ػش͡ͻȻҪˡ
ҪСˣ
ҶǫһȵĶԾðЩɫ
Ҷǫſ˵ȻѹͲ֪Լ˵ʲôתûסƮƮģ·ƮСѮ˫һȥûס˵ϣˡ
Ѯ֮ǰ֪£ȻƼղȽӹֻèĳûоʲôҶǫչ˵ʵ̫˶ðˣֻֻèûѧ
ҶǫŲѮ˵ͷѮ˵֮ȥѰһΪĿ꣬ûͳɹΪʸ֮ĵҶǫɹһϽСݡ
ȲֻǱһֻèȥ˳һֻľ
¹ĵһֻڴһµľ£͸˸ЭͬܶȻ֪ΪʲôûпҶǫ
յݺȲԾָ΢ָôĽľߣǸһЩ
Щ͹ǶѾѧ˻еṹԶʼˣĥôĹ߿϶Ҳǳ飬ǰ΢һʱˡ
ףǸ͹ڻе֪ʶҶǫĴȵ˵ͷҶǫϼһڹ
¹ˮߵģʽ˶¹ĵһոһʱ䣬Ӿǰ򶫿
򶫿ǱŮҲ˳̹
̵ĽûŮ֮еĺá
򶫿֪۵ĺսģڳ͢ЩŮõδɵĹǼĵһҺΡ
½ôŻҲǱߣӻˣһʵڲжӶ˰Ҳã̫֮ʧǺ˵Ļʵжٻ˵ǳˣǾбǮŴˮƯˣ洬Աûһ
ֻļСԸһѸŮðգҲֻйĳŮټǱߵ̻ͬһ֧֡
ŮЩƵģЭͬǱߵǺܿġΪϿճЭ֮Ͷǵˡ
Эͬǲ촬̵ģмҲŮһʵ飬ĳЩڼ츳͹Ҳвĸ칤ǶҺġ
ҲΪģڴݻظҶǫʱҲҶǫǵѡ񣬽ЭͬᷢչʽͶ뵽εһκ֮С
۹ٷһҺϺźȦȫȻ»سˣҲܺð˽ͷ˵ġ
һ˺һŵꪵʿͦվڴͷĬĺͰϵ˸
ԭЭͬ͹Ǹ±򶫿ˣٷĴֻôʧͳΪжƷ٣ҲЩʿ쵼һЩǵϴλĹ
洬ȥĻλŮ٣Լڼάֻ͹ˮ֣ص˺ӣЩûкܶ࣬洬͹ֻˮֵʿһˡ
͵ĻЭͬǱѡĴ͸ྫɵֹƷҲЭͬѡĶ˲ƥˮԼܶ౱κëƤɻҩĵȣЩǰҺĻװ˴롣
ǵļ֮УһκеߵʱҪʮʱ䣬˳Ļʱ䣬һټЩˣҲҪºˡ
Ŀ⺣ԶԶȥ󣬲ջźŵ֣תͷվԼߵ
һҪ𣿡Ѿ˳ĹԱˣȻǺŵȴȫ칫״̬
һҺˣѾۻ쾭飬Ҫ»Ҫ󺣴ˡ
󺣴ͼֽѾŪˣȴ˲档
֪ľģû㹻Ӳܹ֧ôһҴģ濨˺ܾãֱĵ˵»Ǳ߰Ƿֵ󣬽Ǵ
ľͷӲȲǸԽأ
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49 
»ҪĴ󺣴Ǹݵϵĺͼֽ޸ĺ, Ѿˣܺڻʵʽ޸, Ǻڵ, ڶ˵Ѿ˲档
֪»ô֪⣬Ǻ͹оܹʹõľѾܾˣǶûҵ㹻ʵġͻȻ֮ĸ׾ʹ, ǻȻʡ
ʲôܺĵϵ»ʣܶŮ̾˾, ڼ׷ҪԴ, ҶԷָֻŵ, 뻹ܲġ
ǵûҪֻһЩؼȫû, Ȼػˮ, ٴ󺣴ĳôһҴһЩҲСĶࡣ
ô졣Դ֪һֱĹŮԴҲ֪ǵҪԣʱ͸϶򱱺»ʵĲ²ȫȷģ»Խŷ
Ŷ, ʯǰڴ裬е۹ȥɶҪܳʱ, ⼸ŪģȷʵûĹⲻһ֪
ѾͶĴ󽫾Э̣Ҳ򶫿, 򶫿ұҪĶ, õĿʯĺڵȿɽǲϡ
о̵ȵҲרҵټΪ֮ǰټְԱ飬͸ЩĽ飬Ҫö΢æһ£ʲô⡣
ڿ͸ˣ촬»ģµʲô³֪ý򶫿΢Ҳʲô¡
ԼʱŬж鼮ԼѾ˳Ľ
һαٸԸԿԲ򱱺Լܶ⣡
ڽ򶫿ǱȲ˽⣬飬ǵһʱ֪ˣϢ־һԴԴϵںȻ㱨ȡ
[ƫ־˵kȥˣ]
[Ϸȥˣִȥˣ]
[һˣ־˵kԻػס´½ģ]
[]
ȿ˿ʾʱȣһСʱ֮ҺѾƫˡ
ȸе𺳡
ȸеʮֲ⡣
ȫû뵽һҪ־ͬھͷȻǿҡ
ٰ㳢ȥ󷴶þԽԽ̫ƽԭ
ͫ׵
ⲻյͨһСʱ֮ȺȻһоԼʲôҿԻǳ֮ʶܺ󣬶̲סĬ˺ü룬ضϵͳ˵
[ͳûһֿܣȷʵҪһξ룬Զ뺣֮󣬲ŻῪʼϱǰС]
ϵͳ[]
ϵͳһţȸоԼΧĿֹͣˣ·ķס
ѾҪϵͳת־Ǳߵˣ֪Լ϶˵ࡣ
[ˮһǧСѲµġ]ȱۣԼѾʼʧģϵͳ˵
[k˵kᲹġ]ϵͳ˵⻰ʱҲЩ
ǧСҪ˾裺[Ҫʲôһֱ´½ȥ]
[־˵΢ϱߴһ磬ˮǶõϡ]ϵͳת[϶´½ȥģģ]
ȼŻ͵Ŀٻղϵͳת־ôѴǻҲܸܵλСܴ顣
ѾȥˣһĻҲûʲô־˰ɡ
룬Ȼÿ춼ᶨʱһϵͳȷϺڵ־㱨ЩҲܻʾںĺ֮ϸ˶Է߽о·ߣԿҺͺߵľ룬ȫϷأκƫ°Ѻȷķ򣬲κοɳ֮
ʼʱ־ǸľͷȻһģڳע˺һܺ¹ע˾ͷ
ЩʮֿõмʵǰǾĵĸӸˣȻղѾֻʼλˣǻһˮ
Ͼ˻̫Σˣ˶
յĳɸô˵أĶֻ꣬ܽ˺λ»һϵû֮⣬дûǺܲġ
ϣЩʡȥĴ󳼺ǣϷľ鲻ŭ
Ϊǵıī֮£͵ԭ»ʱ֪ãλڸλϷԼٷ֮ٵĲܣһֱΪϴĸȻʶԼӦһԴõˡ
뵽ʵļᣬ׷ɱдϷĵԲݵĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ޹ֺд˼֮󣬷Ƕˮ
Ҫһ
ЩҲûôСϷĵһʵôһȺ׫дߣȫûҪĴ㣬Ƿֿȥ¥ϷͶ岻ʮĬشɴң˫طϻһߡ
ʵΪԺܷġץˣ³Ѹʲôϵ︴̰ǰ׼
¥Ϸͷ˶ûô˽⣬ʼҵ飬ֲЩæȥ˽⡣һЩϢЩطǶġ
ϴЩڲ¥ƹʵ۵ЩϷ˵˿϶֪ġʵλǰĨ»ʵķȥдЩϷ˵Ϊ˲˸ϳǣ϶ǲӵġ
ǴǸϷĺһûʲô⡣
ӢĽӢĻʵۣӢĳ˶ʮֵɣһЩǳ֣ҲȻڱµĸŬۡ
·Ϸ˵Ϥİ
ҲӹƵĻƣ
ֻοҪԵˡ
Ϸ˵˿⼸صоԼˡ
ѹЩҪôز¶ԭǹģЩд˵»ɲҪԼ

»ʱѡǣ϶ǿӰ㷺ںܶ࿤зֵ꣬ܰ»ʱµӢﵽÿһ䣡
֮ͨϷ˵˶׷ױʾϷķǳҪˡ
⻰ʵҲ滰ЩǷ޸йϷģкЩʾ䶼ԳƵϻܹ￪ˮƽټϻлʹڲļӳɣǷǶҵľ籾Ϸ˵˶˸ǳߵʹ÷ѳ
ջһʲĽǮջһȺ˰ղȰĸѸϷˣ֮ȿͷ
˶󣬼ǻвıҲĽˣ
ؾǣ޵ĺͶԷʾ֮ϷǵƷһ·ӣץסıҲһܲ·Ӱ
ЩıȡټǳˣȻѡȫҪ
ȵǲ֪Щ֮ͬ໥֪ϵĲͬϷ˵˵˽϶ֽϣ¼ʵֲۣʿ˽׼ûô󵨣»ʵ˵ĻԴġ
ʱ֪ƵĹȥ໹Ļع鵽ԭ㡣
ô»ʣ϶»ʱ˸ɵģ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ץˣ³ѸʲôϵӾ硶¥¥
Ѹ⻰û˵


50 
Ȳ֪ϸ, յҶǫźԼһȥ¥Ϸĵʱ򡭡ܾˡ
⵱ȻҪܾİ
ȻȻͦҪֳնȨô۵, ЩĳôϷôŤʵ, 뵶»֮ôŨġ
ڿϷʱʲô¹ʣһСıͬϷĵĳϳֳŭġ
ں͸մԽʱһˣҶǫЩǰӢ
ȻԼ, ڳҶǫ֮, Լġ
ȡ
ȱʾԼѾǵǸȫҪӵԼˡ
Լ᲻ᱻϳ, ȵûʲôʡ
ⲻǿ϶
ϾϷƳʱѡ, Ļ϶ϢɵĹԱ, ûп, շЩҲױϳѾǱƽٷְˡ
ȻرܵĹԱҪǾģʡЩĳûʱƵѪѹ
ĿƮ
ɶʡĹԱڰСʱ˯߻б֤ģ
Ҳʲôħ㿴ԱԼɹ⣬ⲻûֹǺܺһĶ԰ɣ
͵͵ĵԼ·Ϸ
ҶǫǱ߽˵鶼㶨, ĹȶˣϾЭͬѾֻʣʽ, ҲҪҶǫȥЭͬỹʲô
ڼĻҪô£ЭͬЩ˹ͨĹҶǫǽЩ͹ѧʵ
˵, ʲô¶ԼҪѧϰĻᣡ
յȾܾź, .ʱϷĵҶǫЩʧҲ»ʺܸȤ϶Ӧš
Ҷǫֻܺһȥ˲¥顣
ϷҶǫЩЭͬǵ֪һдģϾǶסڸԺô֣Ǳ߸ģҪ֪С
ЩдʲôҶǫǻǲ֪ģҲûôϤֻ˵»ʺͳǵġ
۾ǵĴ£Ϸġƽɣ
֪̫ƽ࣬飬ƽڲ¥㡣
ıһһĵؽǳһĺ棬ҶǫҲͦȤġ
Ȼ֮ǰҶǫﻹһЩĵģЩ᲻ͷ⣬״ƿ佱ʵϻǱŷˡ
ϾдϷĵɶ»ʣⶼǰƵġ
֮ҶǫǵС䶼ž
Ҷǫ»ʴһҲﷺһͷ
Ϸǲд̫˵㣿
ҶǫǳĬҶǫڵİǾˣŭֱ˵˵ʲôķ֮ͽдģ˵Со˳裡
¥ĸûжãûΣҶǫ⼸ŭ󣬸ڰ֮һǳȣط侲侲ϷĲȫ鹹ǰͷĹϷ˵ݣȴҲʵ
⵹Ҷǫǲ֪ģʱ໥£ûг
ط֪ģ̫µǮ档ɴҶǫҲԲµóǸڰųеĹԱ
аԣ
Թһǹ˳ڣ
ڰᲢ̫Լƺǲʲô˵ģҶǫЩǲڰĻ
ڰƺȰ˵ʲôģ̫У˼˵Ϸ̫ķˣĲ˵ڶ»ʵȫ鹹ȫ֮ġ
⻰Ҷǫ˵ͷղϷݣ⻰˵ûʲôë
ȻҶǫⴵݺ»ʲôϵ϶Ϊһֺ»ʵԵʡ
ĳϣܰķе̶ֳȣҲһֱˡ
ȻڰһЩ˺Ҷǫǳвͬ
»ִҲȫдһԲɣƺ˺ܶ಻֮ܳʹ˵ԪϲǼһȥ˾ũȷʵñ֮ǰʱƯ
ţһͬܲɣ˵Ҳ֪ǲ׵ܣҲܸҸɻæ˰յ游ĸ˵֮󣬼ﶼʡ˺ܶࡣ
ȥ˵æµȷʵҲԼյѾͬնˡɣҲ˵ҲǱȻ˭һĹѾܹﵽȥʮأ
Ȼ֮Թ鷭ʮ˺ھõĳ̫йϵҲ͹ȥеĳ̫࣬Թȥ̫йϵ
ʡĹԱǾܺȵ裬̸ʱġ
ǵģЩɣЩʡĹԱ
ЩԱȷʵͬΪû֮˵ˣǻܹһʱ䣬üһúôԼֻǺ;ĹԱǹ̶һǲ˶ѡ
ǰ侲ĳҲ˸Ϣǰ±سЩǣݴϢѾʼ𽥻ָˡ
ڰ֮½½˵һЩֻгйԱǲ֪ϢȻ϶ܺϷ֮зϣԵĿţ໥ͺ󣬾ȻƪϷ֮Уĺ̫λ˵һ鹹ġ
ʱֳʼǷļ֮УΪϵͳÿѯϵԾһЩ֪Ĳ֪鶼дҪˡ
Ϊ׫дϷĵǾͺܳ裬ϢõҲ֪֮࣬ȥԼǰŵһЩḻḻ飬ϷľŪ
էһƺ٣ϸƺֺʵ֮ͻᷢ»ٵ
ڰĲǳеĴ󳼣ҶǫЩǣȻھȥ飬˽⵽Ϸģǵı飬Щһһģ𽥱
Ҷǫ˳˼
ԭ»ʵ֪̫Ƭˣ
˿˾
ҶǫǶԸڳշó۲ͬ
Ǿܹ˽ôôϸ֪ԲͬϢģⱾϷĿ϶»Ϊ
Ǵġ
ҶǫһЩԸԺżϢƺʲôı֮Ļ
ĦȭƣָԴΪҶǫǵȻ£ֻڸԴЭͬȥʱУԷѡ
Ȼ»ʳʵҶǫǿ϶ǲġ
Ƕ»ʷ˿˾ˣЩǾ»ʶǵô
ЩԵ»ǻʲôģ»ҲһԸսԼΪϵʥ
ⲻǺܺõ
֪۵ĳû̫ƽ
»ôģҲǾ֮еĹԱ
ȥ̸ЩϷ¥ģСھģڸҲзֵ꣬ӳˣطҲû̫࣬صЩԱԼغǿҲӢ»ʱµĺϷƽ
Щ˵óĽۺ͹Ҳ;ͷĲࡣ
ǲ֪¼ӣ»ʱ±سЩ󳼣ȷʵ׾پͰǿ֮Щ缲طˡ
ⲻ»ʱ
Ǳ𾩳˸ӵ˽Щ缲жѴ
Ҳ²Ϸ»ʱ°ŴԼΪ˭֮ǰΪش飬˵»ʻأ»ٶ
»ʱϷ˵ôԷĿĿ϶ǽڴˣ
»ʱд˵۹ͼıĿĿ϶ֻһȻһʯһʯ
ǡЩش뵽Ǵ»ڳϴ˵Ļ
˵ʢ̫ƽ̫ƽ̫ƽţ˰յˣ̫ƽ
Ǯȥ˿ܸޣ
ЩشյϢʱͦЦģûзϡ
ٻЩϷƽԼ˰ʱ
ǰ»ʵڶαĹԱ׾ʮĺŪȥˣ»֪ˣڶⷬΪʾڸǾɡ
شĥţЩҲЩ̫š
Ҫ˼ǾһֻСèǱܿŭ
ŵЩţƣʵҲ»ʺǣشţԼ˽̵˰³
ϷĿͷдλｫô
Ϸĵ»ʱ£Ϊʲôڿͷдôｫݣ
һ˼Ǿ뵽⻹ʲôԭ򣿣
һ޵ĸǰɣ
һľ棡
ˣλ»ʱº͹ȥĶ̫һλ佫ӵȥģ佫ǹϵáλΪǰξټְ֮󣬺͸ϵѡ
»֮ǰѾı
Щǿ˵кܶ࿴һԺǣ̼ʮʿǿ϶ǱȲ˵ġ
ڽǮʳԴ֮£Щشǰ̽ĿЩԾ̶֮С
Ϊ飬ۼΪʵ
Щ˶ȥǵġ
̶ӺЩ⿤ȥ̵ģ϶ǲ
Ǻ˵˵Ϸ֮˵ô
˰үʵϷ֮˵ĻҪãҹջ·ʰšա׳áǸϲеɳǳذ
ϣشǣ
Ҫ񡢽껹Ǻú˰ɡ
--------------------


51 
Ȳ֪һ˰Ϯ, ùӯʮְߣèè, ϵͳ㱨, ǿ˾Ѳߵˡ
ЩǶش˵Ļͷҹջ·ʰʲôţڱŭѲ֮£ȷȷʵʵʵˡ
ȻûеȵǸνı, ͼ»ʺｫȴȷʵĴš
֪Էǳʲô, Ϸƹ㿪Ҳûκζ, ʮͷԡ
ҲĳǱߵ˵, »Ϊ֮ģʵǺ, ֻΪ߲úĳ˵
˵ⲻǺĳ˵Լֻ̤
Щĵϣĳ佫Ϊǵĳ
ڵȵؾǺ, ǾѰ˸ᣬȻӴҰԭʼһ齻˹ϵ
ʱæھǵ֪еϷʲôݣͶݵը, ˽ϷԼĳǱߵ󣬸ŭɶ
뿪ôһʱ, ֮оȻô©
»ί˰
ץıģȷŲʲôڣ϶ĳЩģ
ִû˼, ϶ǳּʮļһܴ³, ˾ЩҴǣ˭
ЩǲϣЩ»ˮ˵»ԼԼЦˡ
»ںĻôıҲƽкԼ
»ʲŸռڣЩϼһôң
ʾԼѾǹȥǸˣҲʼЩıƵ鼮ˣ
ֻԼƫƫʱ˾ǣûмû·ûָʶʱѾȥô죬Ѿû취²ѯࡣ
ܰ
Լķڣ֪ԼӦðڳʲô飬ķۣҪ£ȷʵʼٸˡ
ȻֹΪģԼǣ
ҪǿΰܶЩĳԲһη¼󣬶˵һϲ£ȥ򶫿ʹѽһж׵
ɶ
ȶʱԼõĻӵһ顣
ʲôʱʲôȥ򶫿
ŵϤζʵȫܿڵζ
εδȨ
죬ðһԼɬضԴǿζΪ˵˵ڽ򶫿ǵ°ɡ
ǣ£˵Ͳˣȥһֱڱȥ򶫿һοôĺôĴ𺳸оڶûǡ
뵽ԼŮҪ̧ͷĺľʹֻо͸Ժ
ĥ»ʶԼŮ˵ģҪ󺣴ǿʢԽ»ʱ;ΰҵ
ɽ⺣أǴ۵ģ
ּ.飬ж˵Ž򶫿Ǳߵ֣ʲôұʲô촬ʲôĹѨܱռںϵĳá
ȿ
Ϊʲôôһھйɶ£ֻǳȥһ̸
ʲôΡѾȫĪøĻ״ˡ
ܸκΡ
һʱ³
ǲиģ
ֻ˵ʱļջľ棬ЩŮǲĥҪִִȷʵڲֵĥڵұĸֲĲʱԽ
Ȼ˿
촬ģȻ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬵־ǿһЩ
ģǿвš
˵ϺеѶҪԤ֮д󣬺ʱҲֳĦһ·ʵ̫ѣʵ̫ˡ
ԺǴľҲ˰ʱԶԶгȥǼ˸ǸӳأҪ̫ߣҲԺгȥѰܹķӡ
ⷨӻ֪ĿǰںδҪϳʱ䣬ϣܶһЩʱ֧֡
ǰҪѰķһ⣬ﴸ־һѡ
ʲôѣûѣ
ǧСѵĹϵûôѵģңȫûκ⣡ǸԹҲľģײȥ´½Ҳõľ
ǧҪΪõһιҵĴǰĳ
ûͫ׵̫ãԷֻҪһЩʱ䣬ڱһɡ
ʲôҪһЩʱ䣿
ô˵ֻ
ⶫ԰ĵȴʮģ˫ֺʮ
޷ǷģҪ˵ʲôһʱ䣬ҪʮʮҲǵȵġǳЦ˵һӣ촬֮£ȫɿҪģΪ׷ʱȫ᱾ĩǡ
иӸж
Ҫ֪촬õǮǱµ˽⣬ҲǺҪĻ꽨Ĺÿһ춼űԼǮ
»ＸûлǮİãһЩʲôģǹּҲûʲô
ǰԼеǮ˴۵Ľ֮Уȫûʲô˵˽۹ȥӢҲδй˵˽
Ȳ֪и˾ﻹҪѰҴķ£˵ǿɶǴķЩ򣿡
Ҳţ˵һмûͼ֪òǱ鳼Ҳˣ˵ġȼúֶ֮תҲ١ƺɴ
ҲǸȥ򶫿ĹŮ
ȶֶѾ֪Ӧô˵ˣѾֱˣ
ղŲŷô⧲ı˳ȱ鶼סˣϵͳʵ[ͳʱѾˣ]
[Ǿ仰Ĺˣǰ飡Ѿʧˣģ]ϵͳתԼ֮ǰɨϣ[֮еĲΪḻЩŮ鼮Ҳھ֮Уģⶫֻô仰ûκͼֽ]
ȣ
֪ΪʲôϵͳȾüȸֺܲˡ
ô˲Ķȫǰһ󲽵Ķôûʷ֮УվֻδźĿ֣˵һȥҲйģֻǵʱûзչ
ҲֻǴĳũ֮Уᱻ㷺ƹ㿪ΪЩĿĶΪ˽Լڴ۳⡢ʣ
ʼʱǲģȿʼоʷȥϺ󣬾𽥿ʼЩ
ʿụ̃ĩȵġ
ĳЩԼɱۣӭʱͣǶģʣײ㣬ڵ¼˵ǰٺһ
ЩʧȥҪأЩȥֻѡ壬ʿΪάԼλƷȻѡ񰲸ڣЩ뷨˾ͻᱻ̸ǲ˳ӡڷ⽨Ƶ£Ǿֻһ֡
վ⣬貵ķûʷ֮С
ȸֿ̾ʼ˼
ĻѹûбҪֹŮȥоϾĿǰոṳ̂ĺ֮ϲᱻ˵ƿ֮⣬طܷչ
־ķչǻ׳ģǼĺǲ־ǿ
ȳ˼ţѾʧ˺ܶˣҲѾ˺ܶࡣ
֪ĳʱȵ뷨ֹѾ侲ӦԣĥôЩˡ
ȨܲʵҲûаٷְٵİգʵڲУŮоȻŴĳٷǿƹ㿪հԹصֱƷǿԺɴɡ
ʳ˵ǱףʵǲɿأϾͬλΣҲ˵ʳΣȻ󣬵Ҳǻʮһġ
ǿɿصġ
Ѿƫ򣬵û׼ھͰͼֽȥ򶫿Ǳߡ
ôҲȿһҺ̵˵ɣ黹ûôżȾȹ־Сûиʲôӡ
Ȼ־֮ǰÿ춼ŴֻûƫĪͶûʲôθС
ڣڳĵʮ죬յĲ־ƫϢǡ
[־˵СʱǰϷʻѾͣͷˣ]ϵͳְת
Ƚʵ[Ǵ۳Ϸɣ]
[k˵ǵģϷk־ÿ½kǳȷžԲġ]ϵͳ˵
ȽŽɵķ
ڽУǰںµͷתĴ۳һ֧ϴԱǣĿеؿǼªͷ
½ôˣڿ½ˣ
Ǵûôأ˼ֽ̤ʵصĸоʵ̫˸жˣ
ϲŮٻʿֻ˺͹һ˫۶Ǳˮ
Ȼӯӯˮڱƽͷ󣬿ͷϺǴȫһ˵ò΢̫һʱӲ˻ȥ
ǡǲǿͷˣģôǴˣϵŮٵԼͬȷš
ͬǰھǼʹŮͬҲ˿϶ش
Ǵꡣ
䱸
--------------------
лҪ˵
ע٣ʯۡƣ


52 
, ŮǺ洬ĹҲΣͷĵͼʵϲǺ׼ȷ, 붼ǹ, ĽٶҲǿԿƵġ
ҺļԱʶϵķٲ̫ԣ֮ҪһЩڹ̶ʮʱӦļʮڱһЩʱѡ˿
صʱ, ̫ˡ
ڴֻٶ, ˶ΪȥϷ, ʧȥ, ǱҲֻΪǵĺ¹ʣúʹйϵ
ȻҪѡ۷Ҳǲ, ׼ҩѾĴ, ǵ͹˺ϺеѣתˮһֱǣЩڴڱŵҩȫĸɾˡ
ϴ󲿷ѾʮӦˣһЩһֱӦ˵ģǴιʵΪȻЩ⡣
ŮʶԼе, Ƿѡ޸ĵǺмƻֱӺʹ, Ͼͽ˵˭ⲻ
Ϊ˰ȫ, ֵˮʱ׼۷, ҲʲôԶͷһŮٰѾ鴫˲˸롣
˶ûڲ˻ڶ࣬ȫİĴߣҲڻ̫ƽ
Цÿ궼۽ӣҲǴ۸ֻǡ䡯Ϊ
Ȼ䱸䱸ںʹ߹ͨʱǻǰڳǴ۾ʹ껥޵ֺƽ̬
Ȼˡ
ôܲأôһҴ
⺣˵ûҪ󣬵ʱҲѾҾˣ֮ǰŮͼֽһ屶
һЩģҲЩԼ͵͵ܱ߹˽µóϵͳ˵ʱѾкΪ
ǵĺˮ־ܿס㺣ֻдǱ߲Żмܳؽ˵Ĵ󺣴ڴѾЩˡ
ڳͷ⺣ͷһЩէȻһߺˡ
ŮǱʾԼǴ۹ٷʹߺ󣬵ʱͷϵԶµŮɣˡ
˽ĺͺܴԹٷĴôҲǺ
жʧôĴֻ챾һֹı֣ܹ󴬵Ĺң㲻Ǵ۶ðģҲЩͷµܹ
ȷ϶ԷǣǺ֮󣬴߻۹ٻߴﹾһܿͺŮһľ
˭ⲻأ󴬵⣬ʡȥԼʻСԽʱΣա
ʼʱ򻹶ͦ˳ģ˫Խ׽еǳ⡣
úͳϷļ۸򵽶˸ӾƷ
۳ԭΪССܶ࣬ȴȫԤϡ
˵ģʳĸطӲͨ߹ļ۸ȴֻҪ۳һ룬ֻʳӯĿꡣ
ʳ֮⣬вЩΪʶ˶ûмϣиƷѵɺһຣ鱦
ԽףЩ洬ԽӷһյĳɹֻҪȰԭƻȥϲҪúܶࡣ
˱ĶʱͰǵԹٷ̴طĲԺ󣬿ʼԼеĻûɸӱ鱦Эͬ͹ˮֵȻҲ۲Щֻǵ̫СЩ˾ˣǱӹעԼҪĶϡ
ϾЭͬĿĲǺһΪ׬ǮʼնǵԼΪûĳԱϸõӣȡǮֻǴĿĵֶΣյĽ
ⷽЭͬԱҹҹѧõѧϰ֮Уʼռǵúι̡
͹ǶܹĿ࣬۸ʳȻҪģνﲻˣʳȻǵѡ񡣶ֱӹ֮⣬ǻ˺ܶϹ֮ӡ
Ҳ۲۳ʮַḻĸϹ߲ˡ
ֻͷΧôһǾۺ첻ѡʳḻ࣬Ѿܹȷϣڴֻ¿ʳõҪȴ۷ḻҶ
ð
Ҳ֪˾ͷЩ飬ԼֲֳģʳþҲȱʳȻǱȻǮȥõġ
ͷĽ֮ʮټģҲȫûУֻҪǮʲôǿеġ
ȻͷǾȥǲȥѰЩˣЩ˻ǻʵģҪЩʲôĪҪǴȥ𣿡
ҪԵ뷨֮в˿ɶֵصأֻϧûˡЭͬ͹ҲûʲôԼ뷨ɾͱ¶Լƶĳ
˼仰˽ЭͬЩ˵֮󣬲ɾǿɺЩ˲̫񣬵Ŷ顣
ںЩ˵ʱЩһķɿ죬ұ˵Ļ
˿еЩȻָľͷһײ͹ˡ
Эͬ˿ڴͷĽŷҲ֪Ӧô˽˵ձ໥е뷨˵ֻãڴеʱѧһЩõĶǱǱǿЩЩŷģҲһʵ·
ǴȵĵطʵĲ£Щ֡
ʵȥʹЩͬУֻϧԲͨǾֻ΢ġ
˿ЩŷϴŵϹЦţ·ɱȲǴʹ͸ƵĴֲģɲʲôöֵǮģЩ֮⣬û˻ᴩǡ
󲿷ֵطȴû˭Ųͨ𻵵·ʲôö
ЩԶҲȥĴ۵ϷǱߵҲͬȣ۱Ǳ߶˵ȫûУ˵ָ¶ȼҲʮȶѣвͺˣ
ڴڴ۱ߵЭͬԱ˵ȫһˡ
ȴĲҪůܣҪİ
ޣ
ЭͬԱ˫۷˿е޸ȤϾ˲һ޻Լӵɹ嵥֮УڳûҪһЩɵ͹ѧôЩ޻ɴֲķ֯
˵ֲĲͣЩ֮ԺǾͲóôˣ
ΪʲôǱҪϷȫõƫƫͳôȫҪǱůĵط
Щѧ֪ʶ͹ؽı飬Ǳ߶ȫ洦ɼЩֱӴʹá
ΪʲôҪ͹ǻ⣬ѾоĹǻϵĵط
ϵĴǽ·⣬˵µĵطųԲʳ
ȱ²ȱǶôҸõӰ
Эͬ͹ǴЭͬǺŮڿľӲǿȡ
֪Ǵ£ұܲܽ󺣴⻹ǾԵģڸǿȸӲȵľǻҪע
ڲûУô滨ݵĶ˵أ
ĿĵѰ֮£Ůǻķ˸涼ܲľôôصľǵĺ䲻˵ʱյԴٷ롣
յϢʱ򣬱΢ɡ
ǿȷʵǴ۹ٷģ۳ĸǽйٷϵҪõöָ࣬ӵ
֪;ܶıƣͺóĦλŮȴЩء
ۺЩͷǾӪķ𣬴ôȫ֪Ǵߵһʱȡϵ̸ڱǱȽϵġ
ôŹϵǡ
ʱ˿϶ǰռ鱨ڶԷ϶Ѿ׼ʲô˵δʲô¡
--------------------
лҪ˵
Ƕǣһܿˡ
ֻ֪޻ʵӡҲ޻ԭţֻӡ޻ʺִ֯ڱ̭ˡ


53 
ʵȷʵͬŮ, ߲ơ
˻ôһҺÿ£ʵʵʹ, άҵ, չ
ȴû뷨ӯ˵飬ڴ˵ôƺҲҪô
ۿɼĺô
ǿ˴۵ĺ
Һ, ǴҪƵ̾׾ٵ顣
˴½ڹ, ΧиСһ, ЩطҲź, ʵûвҲûеֿЩطԴһ㶼С, ۲ĺܡ
ǱֱӰѺǿ, ⱾǾԴġΪ
ֻϧԷĺܣһֱڴʱԺг۵ˮ֣ǲ
úˣϮ֮˴壬ЩѾѺԼ֮ĴԱʮʹ
һõķӣ˳ĻȫԲһһҺ
Ҳܼ򵥣Ǿǿס洬۳Ա, ´ôصҲ´ͣڴۿûԱĺ, ǲǴ󺣴֮
ںϼĶ˭˵ǣ
ο۳ѾǰٶǰǸǿʢĹˣ۳ΧЩﶼ, Щߺͱ߶۳ġΪԽƵ
ô찡ǰҲһͬǿʢĹ, ʹĿȸ
ôһʢǴѹôڲҲˣֺͼ¼û¼ֻǴʹڰļ³ȸǣԼ߸ţйһ
ȸˣڵ۳ҲȻˡ
νǿĹңȻǲʲôη֮ġ
Ǵ۳Ϸ򣬼źܴһƬεɭֺ͸ӵɽأ۳ڼúƽûĺͱȱʱ뿿ӶᣬȺɽҲ㣬ټϹ˸֮ÿɹȻԼϵĹʹͻҲǷǳģЩôһֱల¡
ⲢζŴ۳ʲô
ԱһֱΪȴ˷֮ʲôû۳òм
ֻҪܰЩ۵˶ɾˣ˭֤ǸɵģڴϷʲôѶǣ
Ůǲ֪ôģⲻزԾûӦӦԼȻҵ۹˴æȥҪһЩʱ׼
Ůٵ˼ȰѴѶʹǲͻȥԷ̬ºǿӲرʾ֮Ȼ⣬ҵȺλ
λŮٿŸʹĴԼϵĳں޵ض£Ĭ¶ʲôҲûзֵӣɫģ˴۹ԱӴЩȻԵЩ̬Ǳʹ߶ӵȺˡ
ʹڴ⣬ȻŮ֮ǰ˵Ϊ˹׼ȻҪһµģ˶һţԼƲ֪˻ΪǺµǡ
ֻûоô޵˽ΪɵӣŮһ˵ˡ
Դߵ̬ȣǵʱ䲢ܶ࣬ǵĽڴ߻֪Ѿԣͳ˶࣬ʹնˣͷϵ˶ϴûϴĻﲻҪͲҪˣ˻ȥõġ
ͷЩĻĴĲǵõ˲ֻͬλ洬ľʿ͸޹۲ͷ
иڱо̹ģսܿͿ⣺ͷϵԣǰ죬Զ˺ܶˡ
ûǵĻʵʿҲʲôԣΪҴ࣬ԻӺ͸ϢŻҲ
˾֮󣬾ͺ׿ͷ֮кЩʵûڸɻװģ㻮ˮĿһֱû뿪Ǵ洬ԱͺϣȴûκҪ̸˼оֹǵȫϡ
ЩǱӵĴٱ
ߵҰھʿжϺõ˳׵֤ʵ
Ů˾ʿ˼ɫ̫õضžʿʵҵǿɱ˿뿪𣿡
ʿҡҡͷҿͷ֮еĴٱж٣ֻмˣҲܽǧ
ⶼҪҪĴ꣬ͷϵĶǴ񣬵곯͢ҪϮҵȣͷǧ˵ĸԱǶԷȻ֡ǵսƣԷıԴԴԴϵõ䣬Լһһ
ֻˣսĲ࣬ѵڡʿ벻ƽֵķǶԷƻǴ壬ҵ޷гۣǶڴ˵ҵȾ׽
˾ʿĻڴϵĳɫףסİûţǾͲӦô̰ģǰ󣬾ӦùϷͣô졣
˵ЩûʲôãڵҪôǰΣ
ڴڵӶڷתš
۳Թģˮˮ˾֣޾֮·ǵ
ˣ
ǿ˼ڤ֮ʣյźȻ죬ʹԴ۳ٻ˽δˣ׼ˣ
˵·Ǵһ㣬֮ڴ֮ţڳ˱鶼üΪѿʱ򻹲ǺͶԷ˺ʱ֮ǰŮʹߣŮǵݣ侲سӦԵʹĪҴڿɲ֮¡
ʹŴ˻Цζ˵˱ãλ˴ĸƯһЩɣ۹ٻƺô˵ģǸҹٻûôã˼⡣
ڵ˶֪ʹǿƲסĶ⣬ʱ˲ûԷڴҵѾǵˣԵ˾ӦԽ侲Խãŭֻͷԣһڶ˵ûʲôõ
ƽذѴʹ򷢻ȥȺ򣬲һ˼ָôԼ彣ϣʵиط֣ǶԷϮҵȣ˴ƣΪβֱӶ֣ҪλǰȥǢ̸
ȷʵһֵÿǵ⡣
Ͼվʿ˵ԷӦѾ˱ˣһȫҲٶˣʿ֮⣬洬Աûʲôս飬ҪȫûбҪʲôһٵΪ
˼·ԷǣӦôӦԻʤⷽתȥ˼ԷΪʲô󣬺ܿ͵ó˴𰸡
ΪҴ
ϾΪ˻ĶѹҪô鷳
Ҳϣ⺣ϷҵĶϣһĺ
һĻŮǰԷԱλãЩʽ֮ǰΣգΪЩԱڴ֮ǰ´
ǱŮǺܿһ뷨
ȻԷÿסǣͿԿסһҺô˵ڴΪʵЧģԼ˲ŻôƼˡ
˵򵥴ֱЧ֮·
˾ŮǾԼϲ˼ذףڴʹǱŮٵӣȻҲҪһͬǰҲżԼϵ彣ҲѧŮӣϲЩ
⼸ϵĺԱҪ뿪ȻЩӦðȥҪǰˣ뿪󣬴Ͼʽս״̬ȫƫָӣǵðȥͷϵ˶ĺԼ룬ǻص֮ǰҪ࣬ʡñֲԡ
д°˻ĹҪͣһйճУͷвԾĵط뿪ҪĴҡŮ˵˶٣ǲλʹߵĻǹȥǱߵʱԼֻҪʱԶҵʱûлҲصǡ
ߵϢݻȥáŮ˵ɫȻ
Ĵ㡣
ЩȥʹԱˣûдϺ뿪ȴǵĽȻǲԶ顣
ǱһҴúá
һº󣬾֮Уüͷϵͳ޵ģǱԸص˰ļھѾݽϢĻֻɿݾȻһһҪ߳١
ò׼ʲôشسȥЩԱල֮£˰ˣЩԱİ֮£ЩĽ跢չԽԽˡ
һ֣񶼲ʲôµӡ
ȳ̾ţϧ־ä˻ҪȻ֪ʲôͺܼˡ
ȷһϵͳѶľȻ񲿵ݡ
ŻʲôҪ飿һֻȷʵУһǺҪҲܴ⡣
־ڣ֪ڿһǰȥϷĺѾˣ־ûٸ͵͵٣г֮̽ǰ˺ܶ࣬ǰص˽ͷ񲿵ǽͷǱ߼Ӽ͹ۡ
֮Խ񲿣ȻΪ߶ʹĽӴȹ񲿸ġ
λŴۺļһܳƵʹĻ
ȿϵͳͷݣÿһʶ˼ôôأ
ʲôһСİѴιĶ֮һˣ
ǲȥ۵Ϸ𣿣ôͻȻĳһ

׿ȥˣ
Դðʺţ˵ʿҪѳɽˣȻûоر𾪡
ô˵ˣԼѾϵͳ־СѸɹPUAɹˣʵӿȥʼѾֿ϶״ֵ׼
û˵˵ֻ֮ܽС
ͷǱߴݹȻֱ˴ûʲôر˵Ǿʹڴмص֪ң벻Ǹ㡪Һֱȥ´½
ϵͳڴ۵ĵͼѰλãͺ׾ҵҡ
Ͼ־һֱȷҺͣĵطǴ۵ϷȻǵһ۾ϱңǸʱλÿ˴
ȻͼϴҲ鲿򣬻һС̩ڴ۵ĵͼ֮вҲһĴСٺʮֿ
ȻҲڴ۵ͼϿʮֿѡ
濴ͼǳ˳顣
ô֪λٺˣ
ʲôʱֻôˣ
ͼȫ˰ɣ
ǵĺһ·ڴͷֻͣںԽϵΧҲ˵ܿʵϴ鵽Խôһ鶫أǴƿطΧһ㶼СѾ֮һ۵ĴСˡ
ѹʲôСңһԼʵΪ֪һϲ
ǺϢ
һ»ص˽ͷǷ֮У˽κڴǱߵ
˵ǴҰͼǴ۵ĺǰ֪ںʹǱ߻ĹУĻΪô˷˾裬ǾôߵѾǵƿ֮С
Ȼʵڴͣô죬Ůٺ֮кüѾճˡ
ȻŮǺЩиֱӱɱ˺üλǱ߳ĹԱǣŮǸֱӽʱϿΪĴԱߡ
ڼ侪ĶҲᣬ֮󣬴Ǳߵ˾һʵˣŮǱ˺üλе󣬳ɹص˴Ϸؽͷ
λߵʲԣʮļͬѼֽ֮ͨʽŮǲ֪Լƺץ˸˲õ
ŮϡǵãòᣬһҲӣǱѹǰץ֮һͻȻ˳
ɹȷʵǼ£Ҫôһֵˡ
ȲʲôѴġ
κӽͷʮˣջֻһٰʮˣλΪϺˮЧȥģͷҽˮƽҲû޵飬Ҳᣬʣûйģȫһγͻ֮УڴԺ֮ϡ
ͷϣûгɹصļλ˺͹ǣҲڴͼŮǵǴǰӪӹӭսĺʿǡ
Ǵôˣӿ¼ˣѳԸο¼ǲǺȻ
ȵĿ֮и⡣
û취ͬλֻǶѵ⣬ͬЩĳЩǣȲԼĺĳЩϡ
ڿܻսʲôĹǾ͸ЦˣԷҪ¾۵ʱûпǹսΪʲôʱҪǣ
ҪǱ
ȵƶ֮УͬλΪȺսԲڲģɴ˿ɼҪĻ⽻ս˵ʲô£ڴҶΪһС£͸ˡ
ڴ۳õĹԱ˵ˣ񲿵ĹԱǿͷĿɿڴ˶ۣΪ۵ĺԽȽ˴ڣŻһεĳͻ
ǴдȣǴ۵ڣӦùذλĴӽӴп񣬰һ·ʹĵطԼϵǸ⡣
յԽͷǱŮǸϸϢҪһ죬ֻдݸ꾡ЩһᵽһЩصķԼز
ĿŮдĵͼʳϳ˼
˵Ǻȷʵһš
ⲻҪǴ۲˭򲻹Ĵ֮ǰȷûֵ飬ټϸô裬߽ˮƽ϶ͬλʱڸǿȱʮְȻƽˡ
һΣյĺõĺǱˣǱʳٶ࣬Ҳκιϵ
ӵǱߵķ˼ǣֱͷǱ´ʥּλѹͷϣͷ˵ļ֤У͵شնͷ­ͻԾ档
ؽίΪԷȥԶǼʵĺܡ
һΪжϡﻩ˴ʥּǱյļ
һ񲿵ģһ»ʵġ
񲿵ݣ»ʵݣ˵ʲôģ»бôﲻɳӵĺսӡ
ΪŮҲԼͲˡ
ذ񲿵ļ֮Уչʾʥּݡ
ǵı£
꣡ǧӴصһתӯعظߺš


54 
ǱյԽ򶫿ǱߵķϢ, ţЩһҲֻô, ֲҺ»ʱȥ, ˵С
´ܳİѵǳͱ´ɵ΢ƽ
յϢ
𰸲̫ѻã΢һ֪ǽͷǱ߶һȥ˻ʹ֮С
ʱ񲿵ҭû˵
Ҳǣ⺣촬еǱһŵ, õĻǱԼǮ, ȫ
˵Լ, ֻܿתš
ɱ˴ӵĻ, ֮Ͳ񲿵ˡ
ֹ»ʱ£ôĻ϶ǻἤŭ, ʱ߽ͻɱ, ǵҪǰݵ׼ҰصϢݵ߽úʹ϶뱸ս״̬
ЩʡҪæµ
˴̣ʼԤƼ＾Ϊײ֮ҪΪ׼ӦԵǮһѪ
⡭ա
ףҲá
֪»ʱʲô, ط˰߳һأȲϴ۳ʱ˰, Ҳʵʱڵ˰ǰĵˡ
ǿˡƽҲԾ»ʴ˾Ա
Ȼ֪ʲô£˰ն, ôһ»ġ
֪»ʳڻʹϷôģ϶Ǻ»йϵ
»ʿ϶֪˰, ʹҲôаôɴذѶԷ˵ģ
ȻʡĹԱһߴ˾һ»ʡ
ǵĹ˫˰Ҹҿ𣡣˰
޾һ˲ʲôģʡԱߵõ˳֡
ͨϵͳ֪ʡһһ׼Ӧս֮Ӱ˵ԼǺܻģȻͷĵշϻֽ׼ҪͷǱˡ
κľ󣬽ͷǱ߿϶֪˺Ĳȷԣ֮ǲһҴ͸ˣȶԼó¸ӷ
ͷǱҲǺͺģںû취۵£ȻҲ˶ע⵽ļֵ
Ϊ˸ޣͼֽϵͳʵ[Ҫͼֽͷˣͳ־ǿ]
ܿϵͳʹ˹[־˵k֪£ǿһ㣡]
[]Ȼû־ǿԭ򣬵ô˵ó鲢û
ɹȨۼĻֵģⶫǰżֻһ֣ˡ
֮ԼȥǣķʽЭͬ·ԥ£ǾݾٺЩŮнȽϺá
ʱ䣬ʱˣͼֽЭͬʱ򣬾ԼЭͬͷΪŲ˶٣ЭͬԺϹŵǿɫ鲼̾˿
ȲµЭͬԺЩˡ
յȵʥּ󣬽ͷȻ׼˶Դˣǲôʲݵؾٰ졣
ҪǸжʢĳ棬ǴȥЩڴЩ˵ļǲеʱ䡣
Эͬڵľ͹ѣЭͬ߸תģμǰȥҲЭͬ߸֯͹ġ
ʵ͹ֻ࣬Ļǵʿǡ
һҪԲƮƮܹģһʻˡ
̤ЭͬڣԺʮɫţʱʱ˲۽ǣֻһ۾ܸܵЩϴݳʹ
֮ǰдţ˵ļ˺ܾãڶˣɱһֻôͲˣôҲ
ôӶӺˣôûˡ
˵ٻ̣ҪҼҽ׵ġ
ûȥǣ˵һЩûĽڰ֮ĻֻǾĬؿۣĬĬķ˼һ¡
նǲ̫ºˣڸٻü
ûٶ࿴ѹ︡ĸ˶¥
ߵҶǫӺȲŷҶǫûдԼȥţǻһذɫԸ·Ҫ׼еӡ
Ҳֻǿ΢Ҷǫ˵ݣ׾ٵؾͷںӵĹ
ûдţȵ˵֮Ȳ˽ȥ
˿ȶܾϲ׷׻
ҲǴкŵ㾪ȵضҶǫʵҪȥͷ
ԣҶǫоͲЦ⣬ʶһʵĪеģ
һ˷ѯʵʱ򣬶öԷõ϶𰸵ʷ
ʶԼǰѧһѧСʶ
ʵֻһЭͬͶֻͣһ룬ЦӦãҲ͸С
ʵҶǫϲʶԼ϶ǲ´ˣӦֻǸɺ϶ѣں֮УûԼҪȥͷ¡
⵹ҶǫҪ±ʱġ
Ϊյ˽ͷǱߴй޻ϢһֺʵëֲֲһҪܶิӵĹܷ֯
͹Ҫֲֻеһ֣ͱ뿪˴޻ֶΪͷܶ࣬ҲҪ·ԸУܺռⶫ˳ź˻
ǸûʲôԸЭͬǳֲĵطǽͷвûпѳĻĵأͬǾͷֲ
Ҷǫ֪Ϣ֮Щסˡ
ҪۼǸֲǲʵģɽȥɽ
ЭͬҶǫŬ֮£Ѿʼʱûм־ͻɢתʱˣԼ΢뿪һʱ϶ûʲô⡣
鲻·Ҷǫյ޻ϢʶԼѾھڴ̫ʱˡ
ЭͬĽѾҶǫף֮ǲ˽⵽ʵģΪЭͬλ᳤ôʱҲȷʵӦõͷǱߣôһЭͬ͹ͷʵһֱֻ
ܱʵ̫ˡ
ҶǫںдŵʱѾʶ㡣
ʶԼڵĻǰҶǫʱоԼʵúܣкȻɻûͣȻӦʱӵظоɢȥ
һĺá
ҶǫȻûжʲôǡǡµеʵ󵽵ЩˣҲɱ̾Ϣ
λ͹Ҷǫϵã֪ҲЭ֮ͬϿκڿһˣڱȥ򶫿ʱҲǳĻҶǫյȥͷţҲйֻƬǵĿޡ
ѡ洬͹ǼŸɻȶ෽ģЭ֮ͬнΪļһˮֹǴֻά޹̵飬Ƕúܺá
ΣգӵЩʿǰ֮Ϳ֪׼ģͱ˺˵ĸȫһġ
ڵ֪λ׵Ĵӱ»ʱڴնҶǫλҲһ⣬δ»ʡ
ûҶǫʲôڻӦҶǫϣ֮˳ƶҶǫѯʵǫҪȥͷΪ£
¥ԺеʮˣʰҵʵʵЩȥͷǱߵֻĸˣٱʹҲҪġ
ҶǫлǺǵģ϶Ϊ˿λӵԴȥͷġ
ҶǫҲȵڴԼҪȥͷҪǿЭͬ͹ǵԼ
Щ֮⣬ǻӴǱߴһֲ޻˵ǴǰȸǱߴģƳ·ҲҪȥҶǫȫûİԼ뷨˵˳
ȣ
[ͳһ˵ɶôû]ţ[˵޻ˣ粻˵Ǹƽʱôλûвһģ]
[綫ֱӺˣڶѾȿʱ´½̽ˣ]
[ôͻȻ޻ͱĳˣ]
[ȸʲô]ȺȷԼǰøտĴ۵ͼ֮вûңȵӻ[ǱѾ˳Ĺ]
Ȳ𾪵ʱϵͳҲϵģܿԼϿ֮вѯȸʲôˡ
[ڲûйڿȸļأǱһЩϣλõʷûкͶһ仯ͬĻȸӦλӡǱߡ]
ϵͳ˵һ˶޻Ľͣ[ִĳȷʵԭޣѾ̭ĴޣԭӡȺͰ]
[ģ޻ǲܳԵģֻԺܶ˶·ˣ϶ⲻ]ϵͳֹ۵ض˵
ȣ[]
ллûбοѾбϰߵˡ
ЩйµĶϵͳʵ[ڴҲҪ޻ˣ־Ǳô]
[־˵kⶫ̫ˣ֮ǰûȥ֪Ҳ֪һǿ˰ɡ]
ȣ[]ʵʵûš
ˡ
ôأһϵͳǲųģһ־ǸСѣôأ
֪޻ⶫ־ʲôӰ죬Ҳ֪ⶫû־˥
ɺҲˣ޻ⶫڴ˵϶񣬲¿϶ֶᷴƹ㿪ǿʢ۵ġ
ⶫ
ֲɵ
ѾǳˣѾλСѷɣϾɵĽԼ֮⣬еڶ֡
ôʹ򰡡
--------------------


55 
ֵ, ҶǫĿⶼûסʮָӡ
ǵһﻹǸĳأ
޻ӴĳʱǾ޵кô
ʲô޲ʺϻе, ʲʺϻеֻǶԱȵĽ, ŷ޾֮·Ĺߣ㲻ʺϣҲԸĳһ̨ʺϴ޵Ļе
飬Ҷǫ˫ãȻ⣺
¡Ӧ, ֻҲȥͷǱ߿ûʲô֪ľϲ
ҲһУҶǫ⻰Ǿһ, ʮֻӦû, , ǵĳӻкüλҪȥĻ, һ
Ȼûж⻰зӦ, ߵշȴ΢΢̧Ҷǫ͸һɱ
մұ£
ûע⵽շķӦҶǫĻû;ܾˣˣҲǡӸ˵㡣
˵ǣȲԼγҪĿģշ, Ҫκշһʱ֪ȵ˼, Լͳһš
շõˣ
˵ͷǱзиͼֽܻаȰŵݸҶǫ, ǹʲôʱͽͷϵ˳ͼֽһ͹ȥġ
Ҫȥ, ֱȥͺˡ
ҶǫӹżǺ棬ʵͼֽҿԿ𣿡ֻתżҶǫ϶˵ôʧĻȼȻ˵ͼֽҶǫĵĺͿƲסˡ
ϲеһĶóͼֽ֪жô档
ȤͿɡѾȫ˳ܵˣⶫ͵ͷ֮󣬻ῴе˺ܶ࣬ҲҶǫһ˵ġ
ȫûбܾҶǫʱˣûסʼôʱҲھڣҲǸսϵĶЩûףʱܳЭͬ߰æ𣿡
⻰Цˡ
æĺôÿ춼רҵγ̵ޣְʵɵģôܻЭͬԼԺִ֮Ļ᲻
һԵҶǫ仰͸ĺýŰ
ûô죬һ߿žͺˣҿ϶Ͳˡ
ǫڣҪͨ㣬ʲôֻҪͺá
ûйǫڣһ۸ǵġ
Щ˵ţһпԼȿЦã˵Щʲô㣬ɽ˵˭۸˰ڳҲ˵ġ
͹̬ȣŴҵ˸ǸȻεؿȣ㿴ûǰͷţҶߴ·
⻹·˰
Ȳ֪Ӧðڳʲô飬־ܾΣЩЭͬȫûаȣȾͶӦֻ֣ܴܿӦԼο
ԼԶţЭͬ벻Ҷǫʱһ·񱼡

ԼֵЩ飬һ£ֶԸ뷨΢¡
Ŀ񱼡
š
ϵͳ֪ĵԱȱȥȫ̺ԺЦ[ҷÿαúðеʱûа취ܾ˰]
[ɱɡ]˵[ڵľǱ޺ţ]
ϵͳʱ缦
ĿĴɣҶǫҲǡ
Ҳʮţڣ뿪ǣЭͬ᲻κ⣬ĬĬڴԼָ֮ܿ£Эͬᡣ
ҶǫСǿˣɽֻûĺЭͬڵһͱ֧ԶȥͷĶ顣
ЩʧӿڣȲתȻͿԼһȺȫĬĬؿԼڵһ
ȣ
ڸʲôȲ⡣
ʲôҪ˵ģԼ뷨
ǳ˳飬ûؿЩˣֻһҪ˵
ԼĻԼɡ
ŬҪЭͬļģ
˵ˣʵҲû˽ЭͬǸʲôʲôܺЩ˵ģ
ѵ⡯˵ЩҲûʲô˼ӣҶǫڣǰֵʱˣ
һЩȷʵлģɢȥˣ鲻ż߾ϢģʼȸЭͬڵĹݺ
һֱЭ֮ͬ⣬˻ش⼸Эͬʲô£ͷҲЩǡ
ǲЭͬòãڴԲӡ
Ӧ͸͸ʵ뷨ĺʱ
ȵǲ֪ЩЩʲôΪЭͬǺּɵġ
Щ˾ȶЭͬᲢ̫˽⣬ʵϵͳڣʵڱȽһģ֪ЭͬڵĽѧӵжǿϡ
ԴӾͷ֪ЭͬѵɽѧкЩԭû׼ЭͬľǰҲУвСҲ档
Щϵ˽ӣϯҲĥҪԼҺЭͬѧϰ
ϾЭͬĽѧۿɼı϶ʵá
ЩͨպСҲûָԼߺܺһʿ˵ĵ·ȥıȡҪҺڵ飬ݽѧɹЭͬɰĽۿɼ㡣
ͨǸܵģǼǰֻͨ͹¸ɰͰ²ԵĸЭìܵЭͬԱѾܹ߼ĺˡ
߾ͺⷽ档
ԭЩзԼеĹǼЭͬᣬǾȫȥһ֮ģȻЩк涼ĬĬԼˣûз
˭ͷʶֻ˲ٰϻܵĶǶˣЩ˭ȥЩеĵײ㹤˼ҿʿ˽׼
ƫЭͬôһܲ
ЩвΪΪ֪õٰܹµ˾ôܲܰڸȫäǱ߸ɻⲻƽǮ
˲ţ
Ҫ˲ţ
˲Ų棡
ߣǰҪġ
ܸǲȱ֪ʶӣһֱȱġǸ˵ҪֻЭͬ͹ǲ˵ԼҪЩʶֻ͹
ѧĶжҪЭͬķת֣̾ͱܶѵĴǿ
Լʹˣⷽûʲô츳ԼӲܳ
ٿ಻ܿຢӣܶжǴڵġ
Ǿ򵥵ʼѪɽѧ𽥳ΪЭͬĽƣЭͬھ֮վ˽Ÿ
Ҳжˣ֮еĸжˣ
ԼҲֻЩԱܵӵܵĴһЩ֧ʵҲͨûʲôеһЩ£Եô޹ؽҪˡ
ʵǰҵ־ͻôС
һˣδҲˡ
--------------------


56 
ЭͬԺ, רŸЭͬĳԱԼǵĺɹģ˷ְ๤, ѾԽԽδСѧӡ
ںܶԱûǮ, ԺҲǲշѵģʽҲЭͬļӯԼһЩ˵ľάתΪܶ඼ʡʡʳĽѧģʽԻά
ȿԺŵıЭЭͬͬŽͳһǿ
˿ȵĿ, Ƚ͵ǹǫ, ܶ˼Эͬ, Ҳ˽Эͬ᾿ʲô, ˶ˣҲ, ߾, ЭͬкôҾͼˡ
ǫ˵ⶼûʲô
ֻҪˣǾǵͬ飬ǰǣǵĺӣҲάЭͬĴڡ
˱֮, ڽѧʱҲ˼Ǵ, ҪôҶϺӡ
Ӧԥ»˵ĻǾټӼְɡ
ЭЭƽƽȡͬͬŽͳһǿ
΢д˵˽, ûиֻ̫Щûôɫĳɷֽȥ
˴ĦӵЩ˼, оƶǶǳɹ׻ˣûдĦûϵ֮ǿһо
ûнȥԺͷЩѧǶ飬⸽Ժ߹䣬Ϳ˼Ƚֵӣźܶ಻֪ʲôõƿƿ޹ޣȻиǱȽϻӵģʲôôĶţӻͦҪӡ
ûпʲôõġ
ûҲûʲôҲ˵
ЩоõģҪƳ³¡˵ǵ֮ǰڼķѾкܶ෻ŪһҲûжʱ䣬ʵ̫ˡ
ǵķӣֻмҷܸкЩûĥӡ
ϣ˵Ҫ׬ǮҪŪķģŪһӣо֬ռΪʲôõӡ
˵ӲƾճֵģҲ˵Ǵ֮ϣ˵˵ɷ϶ֹôһ֣ﶼӦйɿѭҪҵеĹɡ
ȣ
üһЭͬصľϲֻһ
ⶫǴԽף뿴Ķ𣿾԰ȫҲʲôòõĲǴٹҲǸ̽׼Ҳڻ顣
ѵһѡ
ΪʲôѮŨü۵ļһͨͨʵ޻ķȥоѧ
ΪȻ֪ѧƸԲͬġ
ѧһеĻ룬ѧȥʵǡ
ΪһѧʦͻҪǿȵĲ֧ţôǿҪôɣǻѧĹ
˵ǣѧһſеѧơ
ȵǲ̫Ϊ鵣ģԹܶǰοѧⶫҲ֪һЩķӣû籾ʹɵʱǸħڷѮԼ֪ôһѧǰ
ҪţǷѮһܸ㶨£ҲǼʮܸ㶨£Ҫһһȥ˵ġ
оʲô𣿡Դʵ
Է鸴һ˲Ҳоһ㶫ɣ
ţϵı顣
ϣЩƭӵʿϷȫˡԷص˵š
ҪоͬСʱȥоϣȻǻڵһ飬ȻѮôĪʱŷթƭȷӳˡ
ҲǺ¡
ֻҪѮûиʲôҵģ˵Ǻ¡
ϣأȸоԼ첢ûпһ
ѮҶǫĺѣ֪ҶǫҪȥͷ£ӦǻֵĲǡ
ͬ˺ҡͷϣʿˣµģЭ̫ͬˣȥɽϵ̽֡
ȣĲȥ
ⲻ̫ðɣһʲôô졣ȻһֱЩСˣⲢЩǵ˼򲻾壬Щ顣
Ӧòɣϣȥšͬ΢ţɵػشԷ˵ǹ鿯Ը㿴Ѯֵߵߺȥ۵ˡ
ءڰ͡
ҡҡͷԹƵĻѧʵңȥһЭͬԺ䡣϶ǱҲյԾǴϢ
϶Ǳ߻ãյֱ֪ͨӼǿ䱸ˣȴǽ
յʱڵˣǱߵķͽʼһһĽоµõ˳ʲ䣬Щӵ˴룬ɱһһоƺŭǱߣյ˵ܱǱѾʼӣƺΡΪĹ򶼲׼ˡ
£ϷҲ֣ӰǺܴġ
ƫƫҪܴʾǻѡϣΪȥﳯߵĶϷǱһΰȫͨûɽ·
ɫܲվڳǽϣԶԶؿϷ
ھǵʱ򲻾ʲôڿԼһ浱Ȼܽƻ
Ĵ󽫾ӦĵǰϣǿıСӦô󽫾ΪطģϷҪס
ڲǽ컹ǱϣѾΧĹԱˣȻǸְ͹ְǿԴԿɵ϶Ǳ߽˵ġ
ԼһЩ飬Լľдȥ󽫾ڵõ׿Ϻһ·ϡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
شˣû£СҿԵģ


57 
浽Ǳߵʱ, ϶ıҲٵλˡ
Ͼ϶Ǳߺλñͽţֱӻ˹, ûʲôѵĵط
ʣı϶Ǳߵù, ԼˡԼƷĳʷ֮⣬ߵƷĶԶ϶ǱиƷУξЩ佫Ʒ׶ߡ
üͷһ, ﷺЩǡ
ڴ, ֪֮, ̸ֽİ, ǴСеģǱ֮, Ϊ˽˺, ſʼġ
Ҳ˵ҲͶµı飬Լûʲôģ½ֻãҲûʲôġ
ٿµʿǡ
ߵĵǻãΪϴ٣ܸս, ϶ߺʲôս£Ϻʹйصѹ, ԼܱһЩСͻȣڽҪӦԵսԵñȽãȻ
ܵס
ĴСоԼڿԺͲ֮ǻšûӦһ, Ǳۼǳ鲻ˣ϶Ǳ߻Իһڵӡ
ûһθ϶Ǳȥ, Ǳߵʹȹˡ
ţͿмðŭ۹δɼʻַֻĹ귴°ߣʵ̫Ҫ߹黹ǵӣҸһ⳥Ļ
źͷĬĬ˿
⵹黹л͵أ»ʱ»ǸϦĵĻʵۣǵĻҲվ
˿ԭڣǱȻ֪۳ߵΪǵû£ҲǴǱʱûҪǴ̵׼
˵Ǻ£ʱԼµЩʿǣһܺúϤεòΪúܵս׼
żϣɫضʹ˵Ҫ̫̣ҹֻغδκΪ֮ͻǹȶ֮ˣȻҹʧڣ˵Ȳ̫߰ȻܴӦ
ҹǸϣҲܺǺúЭ̡򶨵غʹʱ䣬ڴӱǰ£̸ûܵ顣
ڶ˵ֻҪ󽫾Ǳ߽ĵ֮£ôûκεвԡ
ʹɫһĹԱɫضߵڰ׵ҹʱȶı꣬ʹҹӣǲꡣ
Ҫ̸ԣʱҹʹҹҲԸٿһᣬǱ̸
̬üȻԷ˵ٿһᣬ϶˵⽣Ӱȥ޻صĺ硣
ҪǸͷļһҲڳϺ»ʱӲˡʱǿһ˵԰⳥ʱ䣬ھʹŴۣһˣʧǾǴ۵档
ǲ˵ġ
ȻΪԼδвǰȥġ治Ӧ
ߴʹüͷûжԥ̬չ϶ǱߵĴ󽫾˵ˣöԷ찲ŸֱͳӵĴ˧ߣһȥûлˡ
ֻǴһһ»ʱҪܵܶˡ
зЩûʲôúڵģﻹ侲ؼŹ滮ԼһЧ
ǱȷЭ̵ʱ͵صҪһʱ䣬׼Ҫһʱ¡
Լ˽⵽ЭͬЩ¡
ҶǫӦǽ֣ں̵ܶʱھߵ͹Уõķнеһܽᡣ
ʵҲܼ򵥣ǸЩʿ
·ȥãһ׶٣뵽ײʿ֮УȡԽżֻҪԩʱ˧Ĵʡ
ĸʲ鳤۸ֵµˣ˭˭˭ҪΪǳͷЩʲ鳤ͷȻЩʿίҲһǽ
֮⣬滹Ū˺ܶӦĹذߣ飬ʿǴһҪԵսĵзʲô֮Ϊʲô
Ȼ滹϶ʿ֮վԷսɽѧʿͻʿ٣ЩЧսɽ̸ͨʿײսˮƽ
˶ǽıĵɥ˲еϵΪǸֿǺ͸֮󣬲Ϸӵķȫ˹ĸڶʱڷš
Ҫֿס֣ǵļ԰سʷ˵̣ǿΪسʷӮⳡʤ
򱱺ЩǣԾӪЩ̫ϰˣܶط⣬ĳڽЭͬľ׾ٰ벻ͨˡ
ͼ򱱺ǲһûԼ£סôˣͿȥָЩʿǸˡ
Ĳǡ
ԼڴݱۻУ˲仯ŭ
νʤ϶ǱûͬżһɿĽڣҲһʱڻֵֵǱߵԮ
źһк󣬴Ǳ̶ҲˣеĻ뿪˾ӪʿĿ̤֮ĵؽ֮ڡ
Щʿ֪ҪȥͶԷ̸ǲ̸ʲôΣġ
ǻеȴǸƽµĹ
ǻű֮ȥģڳʱĲڱʿǰк󣬵ƽڿԽɽ룬뵽Χں󣬻б۳ڵķ羰
ֻǸżɽѣټȫͬĵòģȫͬĽȫͬŴ磬·ϼЩֲˮũ񣬿òǴ΢ĲС
ǰܼϡĳ棬Ҳһ¡
̬ƽţƽţȻоﲻ̫Ծ
оһЩг΢΢üʶΪֱӾܿųܡ
⣿
ϸ۲Χ
ž޴Ҷӵ·߼Ӹߵľݣ⳱ʪĿũвˮþߡ
ţʶԼǰﲻԾĵطˡ
滺۾ܡ
лĴʿ·䣬˺϶ŻţǵΪֹҲȷʵҲȻ
Щũڲ֡
滹ǵãԼ֮ǰڰ칫ĳǳأŸչա

濴Զĵݶ⣬вЩɫûȫ͸ոûµĶӡ
Ҳ˵ϣӦҲͱһѣû̫𣬵֡
ڻδ붬ȷʵ＾ɣҲ＾Ǵʲôʱ＾Ҳˮˣ
治Ǵߵũɵοũɵǰ·ĴʹߺʹʿǣҲûжǰĳı֡
Ҳ˵ǰʱȷʵǴֵ߲ʱ䡣
ڴߣǵһǿʳ
𶯣ȴƽط·ûһں׽һ㣺ʹߣȥĵӣʱͿ˰ɣ
ʹ֪Լλ۳ʹĽ֣΢ͷһģһһ죺Ҫôٰٹ¾ͿˣʱһĲֶҪʼˡ
סԼеļŬʱ䣬λʹ߻βʱ¾Ϳջʱ䲻̫ԣĬĬ£ڳһ˵·ݵҪеڶˡ
ǰʹӦ
ûסһ˫۶̲ס
һ꣡
һջˮ
ʲôֵĵط
ڿˮõӡʳ֡
ƽΪ˴۵ȥʲôģͷѾȫԺ
ꡣţԼе۳ʿǴ˼ơ
ƬؿðֻϧС˵㡣
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before
أҪȥ
after
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58 
, ʿʱһ
ȻЩʿУҲҪ׼, Ȼ治Щ, ܻܴسʷһȻȫһġ
΢ձ仯ʹԼиоһЩ, ǵĵ, ˳ֵ׼, ʹȫʲôֵõǵĵط
[, ־˵kоԼȻǿһЩ]
յϵͳϢʱ, ЭͬｲԴṹ仯, һ󣬿ʼ˼Լ̵ʲô
оϺûУУҲûн갡
Ǿͺܿܲߵ⡣
[ʲôˣ]ųɺһõһϿһߺϵͳ˵š
[ûϢ]ϵͳʾԼǵ鱨ûзʲôܳϵ顣
[־ǱҲ֪]ȸ˵꣬Ͱ⻰˻ȥ, [ˣû˵]
־֪ϸ, ϵͳҲֻ־顣
ʱֻʳˡ
ȾܺЩϵģһնȨ, Щϵ£ټĳǱҲڷ˵Ҫ֡
ǱӵĹ, һοʼ˷Ӱģʽ
Ǳ߻ڸ֮ȣټһúʵ
ټ涼⣬ȶˣĿǰʡСĹԭСȷǸȨ֮·һȡ
Ѿһܶˣ־ڹ
оȸˣȾҲûô죬ŮǱ߿϶Ҫʵͼֽʵԣ˽ԭȻзʱĸ죬֮ĹͼֽҲһһϦ顣
ЭͬǱߵ޻ҲǣֲջҲҪüµʱŻһʱ䣬Ҳûʲôܵˡ
ȻƺֻдǱߵˡ
ǱȲʲô⣬ͬλºûϵͬλ֮ʵ˵ҲûʲôϷݣڱǮˣȲûʲô⡣
ΨһһҲֻдǱˡ
ǴǱ߲Ӧð
϶Ǳͳʵ飬Ѿǿ˱ԴǱ߽˷عǰкͷأҲŸͷʹմӽͷǱ߳ɣ
Ȱ˼⣬ٹһЩȾ֪Ĵˡ
۳ڴһ÷ȣںʹ̸ʱ򣬴꣬ҪǴ۹ʹѩ裬Ȼǰȥ̸˸ɱˡ
Ȼδѧˣûٰڸ̨ϣֻǸ
ЮûʲôãŮһٳ˾ܰȻ뿪
Ҫ뿪Ͳֻֻһ𰸡
һҲսģ۳ұʹȫˮƽ۳Ƹǰıڼνһأȫûа취ɺܺõĽ̬
ڶԷ֮Ǻ˳ذ̸õԺɱˡ
ŴǳػûзӦǷٵذԼϴѪ·ˣװĹԱӣѧŴʹǱǿ׳ӣȫûܵǳʿɣô˳˴ǳأ۷۳ϴľӪ֮С
÷ȵΪôǱˣȥԼӵȻǿҲûãֱӾټ˱ڵϲ˹
ȿ˿ϵͳǱʾǱͳʵ飬ʱ䣬־ʱϢ˵Լǿ£ǴϷսµʱ䡣
ˣ
˵ͬλ·ߣȥҲȷ
˳˼
˵ܱߵĹȷʵǶһٵĸоһʱʱͻ嵽ſɱӣǺݺݶһ٣Ⱦȫûʲôë
Ȱ·Լѡ֮С
Ȳû̫ĳʹǱս⡣
ô˵ء
һαŮɱһͨȻ»˸ӻҿ˵û׼ֲԭ򣬲ܴʵˮƽ
÷ȣ˼һĳʮʿ˼ҵ̣Ҵǰ֮϶Ѿ˲׼ܱɱ͸ˣҡڵĴӳǳѾ֪ҵˮƽжϡˡ
Ҳ֣Ͼߺͱ߶һֱĿ´ۺڶ䣬Ҳǵ˺ֵܶϵġ
ǱߺĽĵطϲɽţû˭Խ߷ȥ꣬۳߽ĵطǻУ۳߸ϲչֻҪǴۣҲⷢ
ߡȿ˿ͼ
Ȳ֪ӡǱߵӿȸ֮ǱҲûгָǿĹңڻ״̬֮УҲʹͻ
ԴںܳһʱǷǳݵ״̬ԼԷʹ۲һŷḻʳҲˣڲ忹Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ԶԷֵĿȫûмӵ㡣
˵ҿǱȴ۵ͼʾҪֵܶ࣬ڲһġ
治
ԷӮԼԼ߸Ǹûд̵ĳ϶ԷΪ
ڵĳʲôģȻ֪ǲʼڷ˼Ǵ۵ĴӦľԸ
Ժֻĵӣʮְݡ
־Ǳ߸ǿѶϢȸӿ϶ʹսúãӦô
ڱǱ߾漰֮ս£ӦҪ»ʱʱȱʾǿҵ֧֡
ΪȻ˶˶Դƣسʷͼʹ̸Ǵ£ٺһ겢Ļᣬ޺ݺݵش򣬴ʲô
⻰Ȼĳǿ£ҲûиҸıеĺ壬æӼǱ˹ȥ
мӼӵͷ­ûмӼվôǰŵĹ͵Ǳߡ
浹ǲںԼһٺ»ԼǰǸͷ­ٿԼţӦøԼұ΢һʹӵͷ­˴ʡ
˹ҵ壬ҴۣԼͼıҴ۹Ա˵ΪǶҴƣʱŭɶŭն׼ʾս߾Ŵͷ­ѾʿǴ
²ǽʿٻͨʿǣжó档
ǴӴǱ߻ˣڴǱߵȻҲھ֮Լ˧Է˶ԴȻǵȼЩʿǷŭĻ棬ͷȼյģǾ˵ܹһʳء
ײʿǴԭũܱ̣֪֮󣬿Ϸ񶼺õѪ޲ھܹȥӵסһƬء
ʲôļ簡
أĵĵүֻԸⰴһֳɸǵũҲԳԱ˰ɣغҲü˶·˰ɡ
֮ǰ齨ϴԩ߿ĻõײʿҲţԼڻþ֮󣬲ᱻ˸ûȥڹȥȫ¡
ǶԴ³˱ܶĿ־֮⣬ϣ
ϣԼܹþΪʿ٣Ϊ졣
Щ˼ڣЩʿǶԴ̵Ŀ־жʱɢ࣬˵֮ǰʹǱ߻йνӴս顣
֪ΪгڱϵڳԵñůˣΪسʷ֯£ҶʼϵͳؿʼϱǣԼзḻսʿѧϰ˶ԵмдȫûȫԱء
ս
ʿǸ߾б꣬Ӧţɱɭ֮УԼݵ˴ӪկڣһЩ֪ãȻ̧ͷ
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59 
Լָûʲô, Щ˧ģ￴ֵ, û츳, οҪĲǷϤĵؽ磬ȥһȫİĹȣߡ
ɽֺ꣬Ҳûرĳǳ, Լ֮ǰľж, ڵ˸֮лҹ, оǺɢ俪, ɢľڱȫϵܳӵġ
Ҫһĵ, ͱҪ׼
ܹõıͲ, Ҳûа취ԴЩɢȥʿҪôսҲǸ⡣
浹֪طʿɢˣͻֺܶӱսĵطǴ꣬ɢӱûлعӻļʴټ˾Ӵ󣬿ԸоײʿԾӹĵĳ̶Ⱥܸ, 䲻ʲôģҲ⡣
ɢսû˭ָܸ, ıҲûпԲοĽ˧Ҳڵ¶ŵӣֻܲοԼĹٵľ
ֵµ֪ԼҪʲô, Լжȥѯϼ, ϼָϼϼ
Ƿ治ȷ
ֻ´ļǳأȻֻҪЩǳסȵ󽫾Ǳߵս½ԮͿˣٺʹЭ̸УҪһǳΪѧϰоĵط
۳ôôõֺ󣬿϶۳Ҳһء
ֻԼ˸СĿ꣬ʱʹǱߵĽ껹ͦ˵ģҲΪʲôԣ
ڰѽ۵.Ӵֱ֮ӿ˸ᣬѽָսİţҪôҪôˣطսҪôӦԮս˳ʲôλüϻʦ˳ҪııȡһλȵѶϢϸĴȥÿһʿĶ
ΪвսĽʿǶɵۡ
λĶԶûס飺ʷ̵ĻϢҶ֪Ϣ©ȥԷֱǼĵطǿô죿
ֻʱļأһʱûлǾͻתơݶԶɣѸٸ˽ķ˵Ϣй¶һ㣬ǲںսҲںڲѾսǺǹȥδйӴĴս
ζţԷǱ߲ûмԵˣҲǵĻ
֮ǰͷǱ߻кܶ˻۳ĻΪǳ꿿˽ӯȻҪĻʵϴǱ߻۳ԵĲûм
£Ϊǵһơ
ǡԶǾⲻףû̵İ
Ҷ˵̴֪Ҷûд˼ǲܵĵطôڼ˼档ΪȻûٿĻ飬Ӧ֮ģ֮ͷġ
⻰һۣǰĸ߾һֱرھ֮е̶ȣкܴһԸŵġ
һսĻ鿪죬˳Է˯Ҳ۸ߵ£һŸڴȷ˵£ڼ˼֮Уÿ˵ս飬ϸȫ
һжȷǾǱ٣㹻ĸֻǧΪأȫ̤˴ɽ֮С
۳˶սǺеףĵ֮ȴֳϵЧ
Ϊûս£ûжߵĳǽսɽս۳ߵսʽӳʮֳϵսԭΪҪѺܳʱĳǳأճսʱֻʱѡ
ٶȿ涼š
ʷҪһ£ǰռƻһǳأ֮ǰһֱôͬսĶԶ˷ܵضʵ
ûĸܹܾôˬ˳սġ
ϱߣ΢±ɿ˾ŴطûзӦܴǳؾʹǴ۵ŷɥ
˴ʹˣ̸֮ǳع⣬ȻǶ̸˵ġ
˿̣ôŵġ
Ȼһǳأǳأʮǳء
ָ²ıһ·ɹӵأûʲôĵֿĵһǳѾǱȽģйֿˣܶǳأֻҪ۵ľԽǵͰĳǽЩسǵʿͻʧȥս־ߺʲôʾ󣬾ֱɢӡ
зãȻ֪ЩںʲôǳصʱߵľӻģŶԷŵĴʾ䣬ɧܡ
Ӯ̫ɶûսԣﷺɻ
زǴ۵ıʵܶࣿ
ֻɻҪ˴Ժ֪߻ū󣬲ŵõ˽
ڴûд̵£жūΪЩƴҪ˵ܶū֪ʲôǴ̣ڳǳˣǷܣֻܵɽ֮УҲҪá
ģµĴƵķǡɡš֮Ļ
ڸɻǣô
һ·ϿǳؾȥѾʮˣȻûаѴ򴩣ûеִĶǡ
ⲻԾ
ԭô
ڴɢʮǳغվ⿴֮ǰǳȫһĻǽǰ˿
ãǴ򵽶ˡ
һһ룬ͻȻֱס
ţѾ򵽴Ĺˣ
ۡ
󽫾ָӾӵֵסһĵĽƣػصԼ֮УһسʷļӼսҪ
󽫾ʱͷһ
ϷӦԴʲôˣ
󽫾ٲżĿͣûסֿһ飬Լһѿ˵飬ȷԼûκ󣬱鸴ӵķš
ȥӵģһСİѴ˹²ô죿оʮҲû£ô֪ô죡
󽫾һһ߿ƲסϵЦŤţ˿ʼдݱ°˰Ӽͳȥǡ
̵佫£ˣҪôǲǳЩĳӦͷ۵
سʷһĹٶ󽫾ģôҲ׸ĽҪɾ̫ˣ󽫾ֵģԭƣľ񣬶ʱϢ̼İ㲻
˰Ӽ͵ǣȱշӱﺰ˯˳ãԴûпʼת֮ǳµݡ
ɶǡѾǴ۵ˣ
ȫѹȣ[]
ʼ鱨ϵͳ[]
[־ȵĻ]ƽʵ
ϵͳҲƽĻش[k˵о]
[ϵͳûг]ƽ˵š
[ûС]ϵͳҲƽȵػشš
[Ŷ]޲ط˸
[㲻]ϵͳл˸͵ߡ
[ˣҵ⡣]Լʱ´ĸֽҪÿָȰرۣ[ҪʲôҾʲô˵ɣͬλǼһﻹ˭]
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60 
ϵͳҪ, תĳ򿨿£Լϵͳ֮мصŬ֮ķչ, ƺƽӺһЩ
־Ǳ߽Ƕȳ, վҪάס־־ʱǿʢƺһжûʲô⡣
ȫ෴߼ϵͳײţϵͳ˺ü, ǿ˳вÓתbug
ϵͳҲժȡ, , еĻ
, һϵƣҪһ, ʲôʲôɡ
ϵͳԼþûпϿ, Ŭڵһ˶ԣն˵[֮ǰͬλҪŪһ˲඼عˣڳϻʣµľֱֻߵˡ]
΢΢̧ͷԼֱ߿˹ȥЩӡġ
ԭ̣ʡة, ȶʡôһŪȥһͷ, ܿȶסԼϽĹԱԼгΪͷơ
ô˵أͬλϹȻרҵ
ȿ, Ӧòʮɡ
[٣ǲЩˡ]Ű, Ҫ֣ȿڻΪ˴ۣڴ۲Ŭӣƶʱήȥ
[Ҫնף]ϵͳҲʵ̫ˡ
[]ȼĬţûʲô˵[Ҫǰȥɡ]
ΪԼ뷨͵[ҷ˼£һ֮ǰЩ˵ʱֻŰ˶ȥûְλĹϵְλ̫˲Ż]
Щдſף˷ųȥڸλϣȷʵǺ׳⣬Ⲣ⣡
ЩʹĹԱصƶطײԱôʱûг
Խ˵Խ⻹ǿ׵ģֻҪطƫҲӰطǵķӣ
[ϵͳ黹ûĵطԱõģ]ȴ˴ϵͳ
[]ϵͳ˷ɨϣ[Ŀǰʱûпְˣ֮ǰѾְλˣǱ¼ƽǱи֪ҪˣλҲƫɣܶûйԱʲô]
[С]ȶҲûżϾûҪʲôɱء
ʵڲо˵ԼΣεԷϳģǳʧԱذɡ
ҲҪʲôһɡ
ȰЩ滮ˣŰעεĳϣЩôڳµġ
[ôûꣿ]ȾԼѾϺܳʱˣ[ͳгʲôչ]
[ĿǰչĳߴͳһǰѴˣԷĿѾﵽʱڴǱ߾ûпٶԴ۽]ϵͳǿԶ߳̽еģȻû©˳ЩѶϢ[ڴ۹Աţ޷ֵǱ]
[֮أٻĶûм˻ᣬǳ͢ųȥĴҲܴ󣬲ֵá]
[ĳߵĽǷŻشÿɸ߶깱ɡ]
[佫ǲӦֱ飬ضˣΪû취ɣͰػȥۿ֪ˣڵǻǼǵġ]
ϵͳ˫̬˵£˵[ǿ԰Ĺ˵Ѵ껹ȥͲõĶǱߵʳȱˡ]
ȣ[]
[˵Ķԡ]˼סԼɧšܷһʳDNAʾշྲתͷĳǱʵۿʲôˣ
佫ǱʻʱͼˣĳǲҪأôУ
¡佫Ǳߵ˸ſڣͱסʾԷ졣
Ǿ٣佫߱Ƿ¶Էûôߣڱôʾ֮󣬻ʶû˵ʲôֻнɫôҲûڸס
佫Ǳۣ߳Ǳ߱ѹס佫ǣʱͷⲻѡ
ԽԽȨˡ
Ҳ㼯ĳߵʼ˵һѡ
Ⱦǹ黹أ⳥Ϊʮ˰տҪṩһ۳߷ۣûʳ֮󣬴ںܳʱڣǲʲô˵ġ
Ǻסǳȵ˵ţδйѡһ²ż汸ŮӲ⣬Ϊף̻ģΪؽ֮ãǳΪѻ
ףϼҪ󻯵ıĳһʺš
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صŮ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥЩ˿λŮ񾪲ͺһȺϻͻȻһֻèһ㡣
Ҳ£ͻȻƺһλŮƷϳʸš
֮壬һŮİȣԲ̸ͨν̻ڱضҴĻӣпһŮ˾ٲκãƽ׺ķˣ˼ŮٿסԼŵŬסԼߣԼ̬ȡ
бкܶಢϣŮ볯ĹԱŮ͸ǵۣ񲿵ĹԱŮѵԲͨӦȥѧΪΪ֮׳٣η岻ȥʵУ
˵꣬񲿹Աֿʼݵ䣬Ӿ˼룬̻黯ʥУްθߺ׵Ժ壬Ȼ֮Ҳһֱڻ޻ֱ׵ıʾŮٵ۽͵в¡
ŮٶԴѾϰˣûʲôŭ
ƽûѧʲô徭ⷬϱȻǱȲЩ˵ʮĹǣҲΪǷǺЩϵ顣
ŮϾһѲǺܺõۡ
˵Ĳ޵˼оܹõһеŮӣҪӺδѰ٣ȷϴص𣿡Ů侲طʵ񲻺֮»Ǻ壿
ҲΪҪŮӺվʵûκô
߻ʵԶģŮȥף˸Էһ֮⣬Ůʲôʱ򱻴ĥˣŮָ¹Ϊ۳߶֪
֮ǰ˵ûκιԱ»ʽӴ»ʲǸ˵ˣվʾԼķԡ
񲿹ԱŮٵĻһҭûŮʲôӦϵȾȿ˵֮ҪȻǲܲ
ǵģ˼о֮Ҳ赣ģѾкѡȿŮΪԼĻüͷЦЦתͷλ񲿹Ա˵ǰģΪΪΪ²ǣֻʵţӦڸҪĵطԼ
ּ޷ΪаƷΣ֮¡Ƶ˵ҵĲѧѰܱ⣬ں֮ʮ˼Ϊ׺󣬶ôҳ
⻰أʱûһ˸Ӧĳ佫Ů٣ȫһŵؿȣ·ʲô֮¡
ȲںЦЦĿɫˢñòҰ׵񲿹Աȫ϶˶Էݲԡ
ڳ֮ϵĹԱûĸ˲֪λ»ʱµԣʮֵĻһʱ֮Ҳû˭վ˵
Լˣַ׹飬ԼԴˡ
ǱصĻǻܹܣΪҪȥס
ˡ
һ֮Уֻλµ񲿹Աð˻Լӹӷ⹫ĵ
ֽˡɢţֽŮӵϳȻǿףûʲôԵġ
֪֮ꡭ
޷Ŵ¡˵룬񲿹Աοն׵Ӿ˵һЩҲͰûʲô࣬йͬԡ
Ȼأֻλ񲿹Աһôֱͦͦؾ˹ȥ
ȣ
ⶼ֪ˣôôã
ҡҡͷշȥŰ˸̧̫ҽԺȥ֮Ȳһοڳ֮ϵİٹǣЦеؿңղŶ˵ˣ
ۣʲôĻ˵һ񣺡ƾ
ȵ˵ͷ˵Ǿ鷳ȥ̻꣬صĹɡ
[]ϵͳʱһ[]
[ȥXĺףһĵطʳֿ⣬˼װС˵ʮ˰յǮж٣ضˣֻ׼ҪëǮ³ȥûţ]ȫȱʾԼDNAˣ˭һʳ
[ȺܼҵĴ󳼣]
֪Цݵ£ϵͳǷ֣ЦӦ¡
»ʱʵȫûгϣλһֱǺ佫Ǳһ˼ġ
档
ͷ֡
佫ҲˣΪʲôشѡѴ
ͷɻ󲻽ţ»ʱ¿ںѾȷҲûбҪ˼
иǵҪӲͷƤʵ£Ȼ޴꣬ǡղ˺֮¡ô˵ʡϽģԼҪһġ
ȿ˸ٵľȱ飺޿Цģǲᵱ˰ɡ
˱ûҶ»˵ʲôո»ʱţ¿Ĭ
ͷʱö˻Ц
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61 
Ц֮, ´һ
꿤عڹ, ֹκؽ׼ڴ۾ر沢Ѿû, ҪʱᶯǿظմķǲЩ̲ģӾ̸, ع鹫ɹͳһ滮
꿤ũʮΪ, Ů, һ˿һĶ, ΪһĶ룬ʮһ˰۵ũҵ˰ʵ, ֻʮ˰һ, ʮ֮һ˼ǱΪģټ֪£϶ǻ΢һЩġ
ϵͳݣڴ۾ڣʵһĶڽ˰ֻǿһˣֻںܶũũҵ˰֮, иָ˰ۣЩ˿಻Եġ
Ǳع鹫֮, ˶ǹҵĵ軧ȷ涨ֻҪҽũ˰, һ˰ûʲôˡ
ظһĶΣȫ´, òȥ޳ﲻԸظ֣ҲǸĶ
Ըǰ꿤ߣͬʮ˰һпĸ֣˰ա
ʳסУһһû취ܣȷֺũҲ΢ס¡
꿤ѽݹʹã跿ʹ÷ѣʹЧΪꡣǮȾͲˣظԼȥ񶨾ģĶСʹ÷ѡ
Ȼ߶߶һЩȽϸڵĶΪЩĳǻ㡮ҷԡһףȰԼʾ֭Լǰ˵꣬ЩǶû֨
[ȥףĺ˵ӡ]û˶죬̹˲٣˼ϵͳ²ˡ
ĥ£Ҳûʲôëʱ˵ͶŮװǺ˼١塷дʱ˼˵鹹ڣҲ˹Ŵĵ뷨
˵֮ǰλ񲿹Ա˵ֱӷ⹫ȥޣȷʵǷǳ裬ֻλûмû취ˡ
ⲻȾŴܴӮǴ䣬Ҫȥ͸ʲôģ̫ɵXˡ
ôףԹҲûٴʲô̡
Ͼִ˿Ҳǳ裬ǳСסءɹӥɵ硣
[һΪǻ˵꿤ع鹫]Щʧ̾˿Ϊܽҵᣬûλͬλٵԭ̸ء
ϵͳ˵Ϻ󣬵ǸȽԭ[ΪµĸҲǡ֮£Ī;֮Īģɻʵ۷͸Ů߳ģҲضǹе˼]
ֻôʵʲϺͺܶҳߵĸںһԣûʲôе˼
ʵ۷ַأҲֻǸЩ˰յȨ棬ʵȨĬڰջصĽȻ͸Լ沢ˣԽԽûδ
˼оԼץס˱ȵط췴ˡɨͷѹѹӦøȨһġ
ȻҪĻǣȾԼ֮ǰ滮Ҫı飬ĪɹˣģȻĪĳɹ˵Ļ
ģǧİ
˵ȾǸ־ȫӦһһͷ
ԼԴȶϵͳҧ˵[־Ǽһô˯ûİk˯ôôͲ˯]
[ҲԵİ]ϵͳɵػӦ
[ǻΧڣֻеkʼֻҪоǼʷɴ̫գ־ͿԲˣȵܷµǻ壬ӣÿͿԸ־һ]
[־ֻҪˣͲôˣ]ϵͳһ㶼ûģ־Զȶһɶ
ȣ[]
[ҿллĸ֪ˣ]ҧҵʱ඼ͣԱ׶أȥһ̨ǼʷɴǸʱû˸ظ˵Լʮܸ⡣
[л౾Ǹһֱڴ漣壬Ǹʱգֵ״Էɵ˺ɴһҲʮأ]ȫȲڸлϵͳڻȹ
ȫûбȣ[]
[Уȥ˯һϾͿʼɴ]ʲôС
Ȼȥ˸ĳǲ䶼ǿʡ֮пᡣ
ĳȷʵǶȺЩ˵Ҫûʲô˵ŮͬȷЩ볯ŮǱ£˲ǺŮڳִͱ裬ǶֻҲҪԹ䡣
пµ꿤Ҫô˭ȥ⡣
Ҫµ°
ûˣ
˵ֻǸСɿͼҲǳأҲ˵Ҫ֪أ꿤طһǱոģԲͨܿõؼҪ䱸ةξʿְҲҪϡ
пؼһĹԱҲʮеµСҲҪһѡ
ȻҪǹ黯Ĺ
ѴͼҪط񷴿ĹֻǳϽ̻ô򵥵£Ҫһ۹ڵȥ꿤Ȼ꿤˴ɢˣֵ۸֮У໥ලֻܳ׶Ͼ긴Ŀԡ
ЩҪôôǺܸӵ飬Ҫܴȥ
ǶϷӡΣֶۿϲΪЩԭ˺ܶ೯䶼УΪֹ۵ҪԴҲвЩϷ˵Ŭڷչɲô
ڳǿҲ佫ǽҪȥģҪȥһУȫû취ȫⱾ
ҪĹѫĳҲûа취ֻűӲˡ
Щ佫ǵ⣡
ĳǰʷ佫֮УΪ꿤ͷ۵飬佫ôǾһӰడ
ͻȻӭ佫ϲӭһ飺ɶᰡ
ʶ𣿡ĳǷħ
ʶϾھǵģǽģǰᣬҪͳָӣҲҪʶֿġ
ǻܡ
ǾͿԣû£Ǻ̵ܻġĳǱ˱һߣŬɻѾȦǣ佫չʾǵĽѧɹ
ѾûηˣǰὫҲˡ
һ
佫ǣ
ʱ꿤İտ϶Ҫϵģ²佫ڻ˵Ҫҳ֮е¾ȫȨɡĳʶʼģ͸ŷЦݣ佫չʾš
꿤ĿӦ˭ء
ȻģشһְɣϾ͹ĸְشҲһûİɡ
ǰ꿤ͳϽȥɡ
佫ǣ
ʿˮյ򱱺ߣѹүôЩĳ񻵵أ


62 
״̬ĳ, 佫ǶԾرùټεֺ֮ǰὫʱһ, Ǹʱ»ѹûйʵ, ֱӺһѶԷȫҲóĹŵµһ顣
꿤ϣҪϵģֻǰһЩĿĹ, 佫Ǳȥ佫ǱϵҲְԱµġ
, ǱĳǱҪ, ǶȲȥˡ
ֻȲ, ûг̫ʱ䡣
ΪʼȥģǱߵİ˰Ӽս, Ϊĳ, ǹ˧ڿסȻҪдһϸ飬͵ڣô˽ߵľġ
ܳдúϸ沢ûл̫ʱ, ûйʲôǲǷֵͣ͸æ˼Ӽȥˡ
ظһ, ĳ
ڱŵʷ֮ǰԼϵƳδ䣬Ҳ˵, ԼǺ֪͢ͷĳʲô㱨ȥ, ʳϵĳǲҪ顮֮ءġ
»ʽӴĲ֪࣬Էʲô˵ӰԼܿԷǸĳģһ»Ҳòֵǿô졣
Ҫûа취ŵ˰ӼǸΣҲܼٶȣֻǴʵ̫ˣʱ꿤ԱŵȹѾˡ
˾ҳĳȻǲԸȥ꿤ģϷʱǾ֮أλˮʱǻ˵ġ
Ǻܴһѡȥ꿤֪ԼԱְԱôŵǰ»¾ټϡ
Ҳ˵ˣЭͬǱߵɹòǱµǺǶסһ϶ܶĿȾѧϰٽ̻ľ飬·ǳʡ
ò׾ټ˹٣ʡæôһʱ䣬δܹٳͷص
ҹԱǲȥҲȥ
£͵ģԭĥôԱһʳ˳ǳĹȲֺ󣬷پͿʼʰҪˡ
ƶǸũ˶ܿ.»ʱ˵ģǴ۵ģûаҪַ˼Ҳһ
ͷЩĳ֪ΪʲôǼһΪһĳΪʲôͻȻ佫佫ֱӰ˼һҸ
ǣҲ򰡣
ΣʲôΣĵǲģҲᱻ۵һһû
ˮǲ⣬ĵطˮҵ⣬޹ġ
֮أ˭Ǹŵõ
Ϣһȥ¶Ϊ꿤տԭƴ꿤˵Ա·˼Ѫһ㣬޲һʮʱӰޱԾ
շȴӻʹȥڴ϶Ĺ˻ڵ䣬ﶼ˵꿤
Щȫ֮飬ٿʼնûʲô»ʱ£շջԼĿ⡣
շʱȻǸϳˣΪƶȻֻСʱ򣬵շ֪һһĶأ˵ġ˵ʱշ뷨ǣ»ʱԭҲзʱ򰡡
Ȼ֪꿤Ǳߵ֮շֻԼӦ÷˼Ϊʲôʱ뷨ӦǼ˵̫ǴģҲһ̫⡣
շڷ˼Ҳڷ˼
ֻڷ˼Լһʱ֪Эͬǲ̫ˡ
ǿסûЭͬĽṹжԹЩڽջûпסڰͷ۱ϣԼƴгֵֵȶˣ޸˲ԺĽ̲ġ
ʮľˡ
鲻
Ȼƴ£ûиִõĸʽƴʱõʵִƴಢûкܴȡһעȡȡϲ确עǡº졯ġ
ȰͳһֻҪѧõǼֺ󣬶ֵͿԲҪʦԼѧˡ
ⱾǺµġ
꿤󣬾ûôˡ
һڣȰ996ȥĳһעĳһ̷ɻҵϡ
ټҪȥ꿤Ҫԭѧϰ۵ԺĻ鿿ǼǲеģĲǳ֮ǰ˵ģѰǴɢʹ۵Ļס
ڻסп϶ΪĻϰһԸͻЩѵĵطЩ˵Ƿǳ뵽꿤ȥһأҲԼҪط
̻⣬ȡùȻְصҪǵġ
糯ǰһЩҲ֪
̻ѧϰ飬˭ЭͬЩ㡮ȻǲŹЭͬһֻ򡯡
ЩɱЭͬЩҪ˵ܶ࣬ټЭͬµͱȽ壬͹ҲȾƵ˼룬񲿹ԱǹûʵĻԳ»ʲã˵ȴǹõġ
ͬ졢ͬġͬסͬͬ⡢ͬΡֻһҡ
˼Ļͳһˣ꿤ŻǴ۵꿤һ±ɴ
⡮ĺ֮£Щ˾ôȻȻȳˣŰʰʰȥ꿤
һѾѧֵ͹ҲһЭͬĹû٣ΪˮǺݱ࣬ˡ
æ£һֱ˵ŲҪҪȣǱ¿ˡˡ
--------------------


63 
Ⱥ֮ǰĳǺòٵ, ϾиϵͳҪϺ˶Ϣ, ˽̼ҿɲɿ, ȷϱĽȷȵȴӦҪ飬ȶԽϵͳɡ
һ˿Եʮã˵һһ˸շ
Эͬĺܶ˷֣Ȼǡܡһ²ˡ, Ĺƺ˲١Ҳ, Ǹʧҵ͹¹, Ǻ̸, ˫Ա˴֮Ҳ˲١

ȴǽ빤״̬ûЩ˶ɢĲʺƨ, ȫӰؼЭָָͬ㣺ڽѧ˵, ǶǿЭͬ᲻ô
ƽǶڲģҲǶⲿġ
˼ŪˣֺӦѶռˡȾ˼룬ǳģЭͬᴴʱŵĻ, һ궼ûйȥǺ, ǲܱ֮ǰ۸ЩһˣҪʱ̾Լ
ѵҷʡ£Ա߿а˸ߵļ, ٿԴƣı飬˵, ҪҪϢһᡣ
Կ˿⡣
ΪһִˣȻѾܹͷжڵʱˡ
ˣЩҾҪȥˡȾܾͷﷺЩһɫļⲻΪļж¾ɣĴֽġ
ִͨ͸Ĳ
Ҫ
˼Ķš
ЭͬĹתţӷͬԤϣʼ»ӯģڼ˵кüҲʼˮ߹ˣЭͬ߾Ƴ³£ӯҲȶ
ټϴȥҲ꿤˻ĻҲȥˣӯҲǳ
ȰЭͬߵĴ۵άЭͬԺǱ߻ӪµķúҲʣüǧӡ
ҪŪɣЭͬ߻ӯŪ¯ЩǮӦǹˣϾΪһ֯ǮǮһֱûģǮתôãЭͬ׬Ǯ塣
ֻˡ
һ֮Эͬȱ˸Щ°
ţԺͷǲڳӺõģȶϡ
¿϶ûֺð
Ҷǫʲôʱûס˵
ǰ㿴ҿģð˴˵ͷǱҲܶ࣬ǫһʱ鲻
ŭǰЩˡ
ͷǱǺܶ࣬޻£ڱȼú£Ҫġڸɹ¡
촬£ɱеʱһЩ߻˶ҪºȥЩմ˺ˮĶȡû˭еû¸ȥϴģһȡɹɣЩϲɱȻͱȥ̽õҶǫע⵽ˡ
ȻҶǫҲǵһע⵽ģֵ͹ЩΣʶˮΡ
ǵζƷҲǱƷܵƵģҶǫּúһʼſ˳γŮһۣϣճοΪ촬Ŀһò
ھЭͬɶˣߴǮû룬Ҫĥ֧ƽӯġ
Ȼ¾ʹһʼξЧ̫ߣһ·񱼵ŪɹγŲúͷǱ߾Ϳѩĺˡ
Ѿϰ˵ȣȻ޶һѰèèë֮ʲôûڵЩΪҶǫǼһѹͲǱ౻סǰЩдŸҶǫҪ¡
Щ˻ЭͬԺдˣϵͳأô֪ܲ
Эͬ˾ʲô־ԼĹΣӦǲܣ۹۱Ǳǹ־ô鲻̫ã֮лһ©֮ڻˮš
ҪǰϣץЭͬе˿˵
˵꣬ҲŻȻʶԼһʱ˭Ⱥ鼤ܣԶԶԣϣǼһڻڵôʱˣǳȥˣǵð˴
ǰǰϣƺ쳾
ĸűء
Эͬһţ·ʮΪ˷Ѯģ
ҲĪϿЩȣ
˵ģʱ˵ʡĹԱǣԼ˵ӵȫץӰʱȻرЦֵԼ֮󣬹ȻᵽʡԱˡ
Ƶĺڰ
С
[ŴĻѧҲЩʿˣ֪Ѯѧʲô]ȿǰЩЭͬ˴һ£ٰȥ󣬶ϵͳпš
ȶԷѮΡޡûκεĵġ
ϾµĽҲŪҩˡ
ҩʵѾˣֻûб̻
ѮǰѻҩˣҲЭ֮ͬ飬ٽһ볯ΪˣҲĳϵͳ飬һѮСĺһ佫ϵͳǱְ
飬ҲɹģҲͷѮûʲôϵܴķ濼ǣѮŪҩҲûпܽŪսġ
ٽһ򲽣ѮɹҩҩҲɣװŪʾͶɱδػһѸֵǿ
̶˵ȱʾԼڱ̷棬Ѿоˣ
ǵڶ죬Эͬᡮϰ࡯ʱ򣬾Ϳ˱ЧʼߵشӵķѮ
ãѮõضȴк˵ľ״̬ȫһ
һȫûб۸ӡ
ԭдı飬ӦǳԼϵġȻȻһƳȻЭͬϵıҲ˵źһ뷨
Ȼǻ̳ġѧҲǴˡ
ʶ뷨һЦӯӯƵغͷѮԵش˸ӦͣϣʱĻͦģڵѧʲôˣ
ϵЦţѾԼϵ飬ֱӰһŵѮˡ
Ҳһѡġ
ڼûķѮȻǲȥһͺõġͷ
Ѯ֪ԼҪԵʲô߲ԼϿɵʦԼͬǣȻоЩ˱ֵֹģܲܺԼǰɣ˷Ѯȫûжʲô˵Ҳͺʵϵػشˣ
ҲûѧʲôҾǶǵʿȤֻЩʿе֪ҡײƭеΪԼǿЩԼͨҪĵߡѮڣȻҾ͡˵ǣֻҪЩߣҪҲʩչֻֻҲԡ
ȻǺеһ΢Сӹɣһĳ֮ӦĶ󣬿ǵ̬ı䣬ӶµĶѮŨŻѧӦżҲܽͣΪʲô̶ܲͬЧˡ
ԭ˵ˡţҲ˿϶ȷʵ˼ое
佱˵ķʱˣԼͳһңҸڵЩʿһо
ʯ
ȿǰҲԣѮܿ͸תͷԱ߿ֵͬ飬ţ٣ˮˮ𣿸һ㡣
ȣֲԤС
Ȼͬʮַܵ󣬷ѮǻˮһˮںϵøӾȺױһضչʾ̲ࣺʱܱʯͷˣ
Ϥɫȣ
Զԣȴ̲סЦˣŷѮʼָָ㣺ϣÿͽˮɹɹҲѧˡ
ⲻһⶫӲ֮ľͺʯͷһӲ֪ɣⶫǲҪյʲô飡ѮŬԼġ
ҪգǺöʡȥ¡˫۷˵Ҫٿɣ
Ѯ
ʯͷ©ˮѮεӦ˻ܴ࣬ͻ顭
ǲûãЭͬ﷽Ѯĺͬ²š
Ѯ£ҿԱϷ
ĸϷҪ˵ʱİͬʮص
Щȴ˺ͷѮ²۵ʱźϵͳȷϵ[ˮɡ]
[ǴƵˮû]ϵͳ˿϶
[]һԴûķ[ŴѾˮˣм]
[Ǳûмأⲻûеġƽ磬һжпܰ]ϵͳ˵
[]ȳĬ˸[û£Ƕ֪ⶫôҲ˵òͺˡ]
⻰ϵͳ˼Ӻƶض˵[õġ]
[ҿ϶ġ]ȱʾԼǸˡ
[ġ]ϵͳٴ˵[־ʼһЩмأһº󣬾Ǹһʱ϶õġ]
ϵͳʾԼѾ͸Լˡ
ȣ[]
[ģＺگѾ׼ˡ]ϵͳȫĵؿο
ȿ˿գٿԼȫ＾˵š
һºӦѾҪ붬ˣݲסˣٸһӣ붬˵ȷʵǡҪˮࡣ


64 
һԴ, ϵͳץ[ΪʲôҪ˵]
[ڷôֲȨõĻᰡ]ϵͳȰڳһķ, [ûжսʱ, ھֹҲǺܺˢ顣]
֮ǰȼλʱ׳ףЩĳǣи๦, Ч, Ǿˡ
˵˲кҲΪ
ǱʼڹŴֲɿҪǿö, Ҫ, մҶ˵»ţ£ϵͳĬĶ±˼Ĭ
, ϵͳѾϰء
Ͼͷ, ԶûʵʲôҿЧ
ͷ
˼Ŀϵͳʾݣûٺϵͳ˵ʲôת˻ںЦŵķѮǣˣҸøɻˣϣʱⶫ˵һʯͷ, ӻܲ
ôһ㣬Ѯʱ˫۷, ҲǺһⶫЩߣԼ˼άڵ۵棬ֻҪҶô, ⶫܱúô
˻ûмѮеͽʵӣѮԼǼ, ڽȷʵܲ
ͷӻľʽṹЩľͷҲܿģ֮ǰ˵ģͷǡ֮£Īɽֳȥе֮⣬ľģҲڻʵУֻضʱڲŻտ
һҪľͷҪܳʱ䣬ˮֻ֮Ҫľͷ֯ɹǼܣˮͿһӣڰ˵ͷǳıݡ
ȻľͷǼˮӣִֽĽʵͷվסĶֻǵ㽨ĶⷽӰ첢ûкܴ
Ѯ˼άӷɢ
ǲֻǽأ
Ҳǽİ
ͷ󲿷ֳǳصĳǽǺǽֻоΪ׶űȽݻõʯͷǽÿ꺻ǽķ޳ǽϵر࣬ÿҪշۣܴһ־޳ǽ·棬ź޳ǽΣյ飬˶ķ۰ÿ궼кܶ
˵ʯ棬ʡºܶ£ͿԱýʵʡȥ˺Ĺ򣬰ȫҲкܴߡ
˼Ѯûֱ˵ڣֻ˸߲ҵضȱʾлָ㡣ĶҪôɢʹãҪʱ֮󣬴ҲҪˣʯ˶˽ʯźϸȥȷϾʹ
ѾԼԼʲô˲ĶѮͷļ°Լɻķ䣬һƨ.ɻûȣͿԼͬǱһͽˡ
˲䱻û˵ķѮ
ȵȻҲǰѹѸѮȺ֮һԭƳȥһģڴϵͳǱ֪֮飬ͺȫƳȥˡ
ҪȥԼְ
ȥסϵͳɨЩܷӦε
϶ǵ㽨ͷûʲôǿճϼҲǹܿصʣݶǲîṹṹĺôǿȽǿ
ϵͳ˵ôҲĲ£ôҲҪȥѲӲ鿴鿴
뿪ЭͬߵԺ䣬ŸЩƶ͹ǾסĵطȥЩƶ͹ǵԺͺ͵ȳҶǫʱûʲô𣬺ܶ඼ֻǰΧǽ΢£͸ߵΧǽ濴ܿѾʴӡ
ȷʵîṹȽϿ𣬵ľĶѾˣǲîҲһ𣬾úֱ֧Ӷѣӵ
Ҳ޹ֺϵͳ˵

[ͳ˵ֻѼ]߹ʮԺӣûס˳ǣϵͳ
ѼΪƶĲƲȷʵǺҪԤڵĲҲ̫˰ɣ
һʼȿЩưܵԺֻмѼû˵ʱ򣬻ʱ򣬿͹Ƕȥɻˣ˼Ժ֮ԽԽòԾ
ס˵ԺͷӦҲһЩĺۼģ·ĸӣװˮˮףԼջĲĶһĶ
ȿЩԺӶûС
ȻЩԺӣѾܾûסˡ
أ
ϵͳûӦĬĬɨ£˵[ǰһףǱԺ˵ġ]
ȽŽɵذϵͳ˵߹ȥһεԺǱȽϿⲿ֣ȽϷһԺӣȥҲȽϷ㡣
ߵĽҲҪȸղǱ߿Ҫúܶ࣬Χǽǰ޲һ£üѼܾͿԵĳ̶ȣǼۡ
Χǽȿͷӵľؼݶֻܿġ
Ȳ֮ǰǱӿʵҲкú޹ϵͳĵϵͳɨͼ㣬𾩶ҲĵشӦֻΣûеᵹ˼ĳ̶ȡ
˿ԶҲ̵ԺӣԺӲûʲôȣ
ñϵͳˡ
ϵͳҲ˵ˣԼ־ĻѹϿ²ͷȥΪԼ[ͬλڵʱûġ]
[Ҳֻڣ⻹кܶ軧أ]ϵͳŬԼɨķΧ̽һЩȥȲڻʹڣ͹ڵλǽΪǽģǿԻɨ赽ѶϢ[Щũǵķͦõģ]
ܵϵͳԼЩҵҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôϵͳһܺõѧϰϣҲֻѡԭʱʱĲס
û£ָ·ѮˮҪô
ߵȨ·ߡ
ʹĳ߸ĸı·߱ףˮʲô
ڣ
--------------------


65 
δЭͬ, ȻǺ͹ȥһӵշŵı, һΰշЭͬͷɻ, Ϊ˰񶼶ȥȥ
ڻʹģһ»ģ˵ҳ, ҲǺ佫Ǳǧ˿ݹϸ, Ҳܲ
Ǽġշ, ڻʹ, ֻ书ôУ
һȳ, Ա˵Щ, ҲҲԼȫģҪȻշôҲͬЭͬͷ
ôԼԺͷԺҲһ㶼ûв;ĵԺſڲ鿴
Էŷ￴ʱţ˾Ƽȣſ, ٷɿشԼԺţкɡôˣ
ǰû˵ƺȣ
͹㿴Ȼû˵, ͱԺӵ˸ŴԺͷˣûǰ͸˲ˮЩһԼɹƵĹ, ɵĶӦǼѼġ
ϡԺ˵, ܰڳЩȷʵû˵ѣڻĵˡ
һǰѹӡԺ㡣
ҲЦªӺ˿ˮûΪʲôʱΪʲôԼĿͷи˵ģԼҲΪԺҲûԺЩʧд
ںԺ˵Էϵ⣬ϳйﲡص֮⣬ԷûоʲôõĵطǰҲûӣڵӶ˵Ѿٺòͬλһˡ
ǰЩԺļѼҲںԺдԵ֪ˣǻھǵƶġ
ƽЩƶ͹ҪڸطǲģֳѼ˵ҲǸĽƽҲ̫£Լ֮Ҳͣſʼˡ
ҲDNAͿϸˡ
ǰ͹ǻȥЩԺιѼһͷǲڣһǮӶԺ߲ˣæιʳһͣǸȡ衣
һɻûн⿪Ҳͺֱ׵ʵ㣬ǰͷЩԺڶû𣿡
Ժ˵˵Ӧûھڣ͹ѼӦҲȽϸԣǣôҲԼӱ
Ǳ֮߰ǰȥͷЩ˵ӣһʼֻЩ׳ȥͷǱʵ̫ˣûǼ˶ȥҲСɨɨʲôĶͦõģԾͶˡ
ԭмģֻǾ˺̫ҲһסԴҾͶסˡԺ˸˵ԺѼҲɾǰæд˵ˣ˵ԼҲһʲôʱˣԺʱֻС
ҲȫŵģЭͬ᲻طҲ𣿡Ժ˰ѡЭͬᡯ⼸ҧĺأһԺȫûκڸǵ˼ͷЩȥҲûˣðæǻȥ
ҵҲȥģҲû취ܣ͸סˣǶŵǱһطⲻǺܽϾЩѼ̫ˡԺﱧԹţȴûκԹģ
ҲӦöûʲôˣ붼ˡ
ɾ˵Ҫȥ꿤ǱֵأЩĺܶһֱģǶڳǵ£еؿԸֻ֣ʮ˰һ͸ˡ
Ժһһǵӣţ̲סԴðһЩߡ
ԼǰһЩ￴Щ¡
֮ǰЭͬὨʱ򣬺̻ܶ˵Эͬ͹ȫӶʲôģЩƶбص͹ǸЩһܣȫˡ
Щ̻ͷܹ˵Ǳ͹ˣǿԽҲԸЭͬЭͬǽֲ⡣
ǵ͹ȫЭͬԱѾûдˣЩ̻ͷ˵Эͬ᲻ܻ˭ܹܣ
ЭͬὨԭǳ͹ҲòǮȥŭģŶˣˡ
ĬĬﴹᡣ
ⷴĴۣŵѵ
Ҳ֤ʵǾ仰Ѿ֤ʵûʱҲúܺãʱҴû֤ûйܻš
һЩܷĸʱ£ʱ
ЭͬһԭӦùٸ£ʧҵȺľҵ⣬зƶصĹͷƺ̻Щ˹Ӷȵ飬ҲܿҪһˡ
ϾЭͬ᱾һֱֿŵ̬ȣû˵ֻƶ͹ܼ룬ľŽˣҶǫЩȣðҵӽʲôԵġ
ϾԷԼ֮󣬺Щ˴ԼһЩ£ͶһҪ߹ٸó͢ʩѹ
һԷչˡ
͡
ĲǹٸĹ
Լʱ䴦飬ķǳֱӶʡͷȥԷ̫æȥǱҲԡ
˵Լ˵֮û¹֣Ҳǰٷˡ
ʱҲһֱյнŷķ˵еֵʵ̫ˣϣҲаЭͬʲôĻ
ǰٷ֯Ž£Ϊƶ͹ͷĻʡطﷴۣƺоЩشкܿҲʾǳӭӡ
ȫ۵ĳǳضɾӣȶʱ󱳾ʹоǳضɵӿ󱳡
챣ӣ˳Ϲ߸ȨͿݲ¼ɵϷ룬˳λ
߶߶ţ߶߶ͻȻҭס
ƺ죬־ǸǧСѡ
ȣ
û£ˡ
ˣһԺ˵һʱ򣬺ȻԺſڴĿԺſڵλãʱһ
޵ΧǽǱȽϸߵģһңܰȵҰסѾǺܸˣƽӪûôãҲһӣԺλȻѾһװ˵ķ룬תͷȥͿԷ¶ĴԴ
ȿǰԴӣʱͫ׵
ԷȻعͷȵӣҲͫ׵
𵴵ʱԺҲھţæ첽ߵԺŵλôţŵʵλүǿʲô£
ųٶʿٳԲ״̬˾ɻԺͬЩֵӣջĿ⣬Լ˾˵ղ˺˵һȺŰԺǹ鿴
⻰ȿ˿Լֿ˿һ뵽Ժٻʱſϵĳ
ƺЩǣԺľٶйһӦֻܿΪƴǲԺӶա
ͱŪ֮⣬Ҳȷʵûë
ʿٵĻԺϺһһģȻ֪ôˣæ͵ûûУҿ·ǽȱˮ
˵Ժ˻˲ӣǿԺϻŵ
ȸܵԷĿԺ˵ĻԼеıϣ֮εվͷǸҪʯ˴к
ǵģԺǸ߸˵ܲٲܲپ͵ȷӦʱ䶼ûС
[ͳôûң]ȶϵͳʵ
ϵͳʾԼ޹[ԤʾճѲߣΧ]ͳӱʾԼǷΧֻһңԷǱߵλóΧ͵·ˡ
ʵҲȷʵѲߣѲ߹С¼Ҳȷʵֻ˵С¼ֱȣοһ׵ķΧȾյϵͳ֪ͨҪ뿪ҲûôѸ١
ûʳʿҪԼǸţ֪ˣ϶ģǾͺ鷳ˡ
Ҫ֪򱱺ƽԺϣʵò֪˲࣬ǾŶھѲߵģܳƵ֪
ɲЭͬԼͻʵ۹ϹȥĻ
buffҪôϴÓֲǡƽǳϷģ˶ó٣ǴģЭͬ£ôҲû취˵İ
̫ߵĻȨ¾ĻɵѶȵģ
ĸȨλ۵¹λ
ȷʹɫ
˺üӲŻػعͷ𾪵һ㶼û١
Ϊʲô£
ȺʹɫԼվ۹۱ǱǹŬԼڵǼǣŬسŤı飬ԼԿԷŪЦģȡ
ڹصӣ֪ĸԺ˺Ӧǲġ
ӵײһ·ԲǸɵģɫģֱֻѡ
ǡ
Ϊʲô
--------------------
лҪ˵
ע٣ĹѾ֤ʵûʱҲúܺ,ʱҴû֤ûйܻš̨


66 
ﷴ, ڳڲûںĸܣֻԺȵĳƺ, ˫۷, ʱ˸Ĵ󽫾ûɪˡ
ǵģȫǶõˣ
Ժˌʶôʵ޻ʵüЦҲʶһ, 
Ժд, ûȫָκؾͱкԺ, ֱͺ֮ǰȱǣԺһģһ
ô봣Ժ, ʱⱾͲԺӼ˸
ȿóкܶ໰Ҫ˵ûӦ, Ժȥ˵ˮʱ, ȻرʽƿĿ⣬ûи˵Ļᣬ·߶ſԺ
Ⱦע⵽Ժ˽ȥǳλϣ°ȥĹ
ĺľôðˡ
ȽϿģ̨Ϊ֮иԱȻǴ󳨿ģҰ涼ǳ, һۿȥƼڳ̨ϵүһֵͦġ
̧Ʋ, Լ˫ǹλóۡ
ǸλϺԻŵˣŴȽϳ󣬿òʵʲôƵĵط, ֻǡ
ȿԼ·ĿʽٿǸλϵĳλ·ʽ, Ȼʮ׾ٵɴɢٿһ·ʽ
û취Ѿ챧ŵֻľͷèè錝ڵ˵ʵ̫뵽ˡ
һ϶Ҷǫɡ
ĬȻĺһһ˭֪
˵ŬʼԺ˼ʱѿڶһǵ
ȡһ˫ûп۾
ŤԼͷٿʱ˲;ûôԽˡ
ϾԼʹ˷£ҲûӦ׼˷ڹϹôٵ飬һ׼ûС
ȻܲίͰ͵Ŀ⿴͸ˡ
Ͼָ׳ڵļһ¶ı飬³òҲ۾С
Ժ˲֪Ժ΢ĲӿĴӳóµ½ѲԱһһŹ΢ԼҺӵԺкͼֺ棬ʵôʶİ
һʶԼЩӦֳ͢ǣŬסԼػӦǳ͢ܣҪ
졣
ܺãλһ仰Ͱͳ͢Ϲˡ
˵ҶǫţҲ϶֪Լͳ͢йϵģ⵹Ҳá
ȿοԼ
ˣȾԼٶһֻ²ҪԼͻᱻλδȨ˸һɶ
ֻڿһĻסګګԺ˺󣬻ʱûᡣ¶º͵Цݣ͵תԺ޴㣬㵹ǲ
㡯Ŀ£ע⵽Լұʮָ׺ģʱһ
ûмģ
ܶ಻һȣ猝ĳΨҶǿӲӣ˵˰յʱŭӡҲ»º͵ģ猝λʱ̬Ҳº͡
º͸˸оȫһ
ͺǰе̬ǻʵӣڹλȣͷ·֮ܿܿеһ
ƺ»ʱԺ˲ûʲô
Լܸо»ںλƽա㡯ʱǸҲаԼ̬ϡ

ʱӲ°Լʶνϡ
֪ġ
ЭͬΪ»ִƾΰĵһΣȻጝ֯رע⡣
ͷŷȻҶǫһһֻԾЭͬԱУûж֪ʵ˭ʲôԼȫ֮еνصעĿꡣ
ǼһЭֵͬļһ
ƾ
ǵھſһһ.ҹĿֲʱ޿̶Űҹץ
Ǽһ͢ûа㾴⣬в֮ġ
Ǽλܾõļһˣô˵ءȷʵûв´
еΪǳϻ棬˵һ¡͢ûа㾴⣬ȫǲ֮ġ
˭Ǳҳ֮İ
ԼЭͬ죬»ʱ˵ЩԼҪʱ˶ԺԹ
²ҡ
¿
鶼ûк͸¶֡
Щµȵƶ޹ֺôŪֲЭͬᡣ
ֻǡѵǱεĳ
˶Ƿ˵пʼˮԺȴڻشȵʻҲǲ£ֻǸùٰ
Ժ⻰ʱһЦϵͳ˵[㿴֮ǰŪϷĻǺЧģҴȨѾʼˣ]
ôģϵͳƽռҲûа취֪ģϾܶʮСʱάתҲһҵķΧҲճɨһӣȥ˽΢Ĵڡ
ϵͳʱҲϲ[ǵģð]
[ҲҵЧ]Ҳϵͳ
Դ֮ѲߵǶûɧŹˣһȥ̯Ǳ߳ԶǮˡԺһ㣬ϸֳϿҵغ˵Լĸܣʲô£ȥҲȥܣǰǻᰤġ
˵ԺҲЩ˼ͱղ˿£ֱȥ𣿹ȥû˸ҹ¡
Ⱥϵͳʱ˵ˣĬİѸղ໥ΪԺ
һ·
ȱ򶨣ôºͣԺ˵΢΢ƫͷЦӯӯؿȷʵǺܲġ
ͻȻ˵ʱʧ˵Ǳ¸ҵָ
ܵҡҡ׹˵ȲסԼϵı飬˴Ժˣ㣬ʱˣҪȥطҲ߿Ͳˡ
Ժ˽ӹˮϵıЩźҲ֪ЭͬЩһǴæˣȻҲ⣺ϳɣЩߡ
ȌҲûƴǣӦЩɺԺ˵˱
뿪ȻҲǸԺͣһ뿪ǸԺӣ·ûҿһΣ뿪ǸԺӿɼķΧ󣬲Ÿͣ˽Ų
תʾһ㿴һжԼƲסѲʿǡ
ᣬЩʿٺѲʿǻ˻֣ûʲôˣѲȥɡ
ȻԷΪȣͷ棬Ӧǣ
Щߺٴοȣ·ǧ㻰Ҫ˵˺һȻ£ڲȫóɡ
Ѿ׼ӭһʵȣ
[ͳеʹˡ]˵
ϵͳflagϵ،˵[㻹ǵϴʹʱ򣬷ʲô]
ȣ[]
--------------------


67 
Ǹ, ϴķۣȥԶڽ򶫿Ů, ӴԺ򶫿ǱŮǾ͸Դȱ, ˳õ˶һԮ
ڽ򶫿ǱһƬȻ죬󺣴ɹγ޻ȵȣһȺϵĵ
ҽͷǱߴԼҲΪֱҶұУҲʱʱžҪ˵ļһ, ֻЩҪȥ꿤ҪЭֲͬһ, Էյǳ͢Ĺ
ϾϴκнҲô, ӯĳ, ó׵ֻ̻֯֯һ뽻׾ܻ, аٷ֮ٵ档
Ҵӽͷʱڵ꿤, ҲȷʵҲֻһµʱ䣬½·һһأһõķ˻ʲôġ
һеһжó͢ĹԱ޻˵ڽͷǱ֧ԮȻҲ͸ˡ
ڶȥͷǱ߹ʲôġ
Ȼǲʹġ
ȰԼ۵˻ȥϴ΢΢Ц⣺ڽ֮µľкβȫģ޳δǴ, ǹд˷ƣ߰ˡ
֪Ǳܾ, Ҳ֮У»ʱԸ֪ĻҲڲ֪¡
ԼյϢ, ˵ЭͬҶǫ뿪󣬽ЭͬӰڡ
Լͬǰʱһֱæ꿤յ, Լʡæľ󣬲ɳĬˡ
Ǽұ¼ûʲôϵĻԭǰǶˣרעЭͬ
Դģתһ룬ºûɶϵһֱάΰ飬ÿκͱ»㱨ʱ¶кúҲи
ǵ佫Ҳ඼״̬鵹ùߵĺҪĳǱߵ¡
ͲȥЩĳȥʲô
Լǵľھǵľ󣬶ʱ־Щĳǻõĺܡ
ҲΪȺĳǶԭԱ²Ÿôһ֯İɣЩĳȨƣԼµİЩһﶼ߿ЧʸЩ
ˡ
޹İ
˲Ͱ»ʰȴûкǽ˵۵ЩĹϡ
ôһ»ʾô£ζġ
ڴۻҵϵѪҲֻ»һλˣһ彡಻׵鰡»ʻûкӣ»ʳ£ǿǻӵġ
£ΣȻԽɽΪءùʷĹȰɵ
ȣ
Ҳ־Լϵͳڣ֮ھûвΣ£Żôεġ
϶û취˵ֻܴ˸Ӧ֪ˣھͻعȥɺãȻ´ٳֻҪ֣޵еģ
[ţ´ξԲᱻֵģ˵԰ɣͳ]
ϵͳ[յ]
̬ܵȣ»ʴϰ˰׺˾ļһ⻰Ҵˣ´λҡζ
ʲô취أϴĳȰɵĽɣ»ǿģȰ֮Էû˳ӵĻ
»Ըġ
Լе˾
»ʱ·ܵĻȻǲ˵У˵ͱ»ع
ȻװˣȻװףһ֮ڶԷĿ͵ķΧ֮У˻ʳ֮ڡ
صʹȲŶϵͳп[һΪйأȻһֶûᣬ׼õĽһûϡ]
ԭѾ˼确Էϴˡߡû֪òЭͬڵʱáֻߡңݸڹ۲飬ϣϳ뵱֪һ˵׼֪ķӦӦʹá
ȫ˳ķ·ûκ̬ȡ
[ǻʵ۰û˿ҪκνͣҲøκ˽͡]ϵͳȺţ[ǻǱû˿㣡]
[ûоãݳģ]ģϵͳʵĻӦû־ǼһһƨΧתȦȦˡ
˿ϵͳȣ[]
Լϵĵɣ֮֮󣬸оԼѪ죬ɽһ϶Ѿ˲
Ȼϲ壬ԼӦ˵ûˡ
ⲻҪ
[˵ҾҺʲô]һ˼ӣתŻ⡣
Эͬɻշűӣڵͷ
ұôûлԼ˼ҵֱӾͳˣ׼
²˰ɣ
շĳͷֺܿǷ·֪ĵı£һСᱻ֪˸ûðµİᣡ
ͷȥշĬĬı׼ʼͿԭӦǸڱ.ߵĳߵˡ
շ
ӡ̫Ӧغշ֣ѾȻؼˣҺ˵һ񶼴ˣֱӻؼҾУصȺ򡣡
շ
ǡϤζˡ
QAQ
һֱҪ͵ʱ򣬲Լɶȴ硣
ĿȻع˵΢΢ۡ
ԼҪʲôĻ϶ûа취ֹ
£ϾֻǳӣǼ֣Ȼûа취Ըġ
ôþǴӸԴϽ³⡣
磬Ǹȥ˽򶫿֮Ͳñ¸µҶǫץɻ
˵ʲô⣬˭ýͷǱҪ˾ŮأҾ㲻ǿڸŮϵϣ֮ǰͨұ񣬻ȥú̿ծĳ˻صԼλҪȫ֡
һƥٴӾŽͷɳ۶ȥ
ڽͷǱߣҶǫʵ֮ǰģŪŪʲôĲû̫ĹϵȻ룬ͼֽʵ췢ӦõȵȵĹҶǫʵ˸һЩ֮ⶼûв롣
Ȼûеһ࣬ϺŮǺ͹Ƕһҵڽͷ߲ȱרҵ齻רҵͺˡ
ְ壬ʵֻҪ֪豸һ˫ֵ۾ȥ˽Щ豸ںʵĵطӦϣӦ¡
˵ǳ͢ԱӦ¡
Ҷǫôʱ䶼ڽͷﲻȥʵҲΪЩǵĲ⣬ϣܶҶǫżҲûʲôϵ
ڽͷԭǣڽͷչͷǳĺãĿǰѾڴҵŬ֮£һСļ
ЭͬôˣôԱǶԾľͿʼ˽򶫿ЭֲͬģѾʼԾԽ򶫿ǳ֮Уȥ͹Ǽ롣
ڽͷѾ촬ˣ˶֮ЭͬǵĴͳ촬ɲôƶ͹ǾԼԼʼֳѼԼԼ
ٷչĽͷȻ˽򶫿ٸԼǵע⣬Ҳ֪طٷչԭԼͼͷ߲һ֡
Эͬߵ͹פͷߵʿԼǶѾһƬͷߵŮǶ˵Լˡ
ŮȱֵʱЭͬ߰ųô͹ͷߣ˵Ǹȡ裬໥֮Ҳݹѵء
Ҷǫ˽ǲԷһֵΪЩͷ߿ǵĹУ׷չͷһ顣
ЭͬʽԼʻǱȲЩмҵ׵ĵغǵġ
ҿԴΪȡǳأһֻ۱һֻۣǿ跢չЭͬˡ
ҶǫţͻزȥҪԭ


68 
յԼҸ׵ż˴, ȫû뵽ԼҸѵøд˷żȻݡ
Լϸ׸ŵе, ʲôʱ׻, ɻ֮࣬ǰҪȥҶǫһ¡
һؾǣҶǫЩ⣬Ҫ˵ʱ̬, ﷢ʲô𣿡
Լд, Ҷǫ˵سʷ, ŸΪ꿤, һĹٹȥ̻ĹЩĹٴ˺ܶЭͬ, һЩǡ
򵥽, ֱӲ⣬Ҹ˵ھЭͬܿ飬Ա˶ˣҪЭ֣ͬѾЭͬԺפϣܾȥȶ档
Ȼ˵ļٻ
νթڿɹƭȫûκѹ, ԼŮ
˭ҪЭֱ֣ͬ˵֪, ֻѲ߹֮żȻϢȥ̽ʱûƼˣΪıʩˡ
ÿ˳Ҷǫ֮ǰ, Эͬſڰפ°ȫ, Ҷǫ֮󣬱¼լʹҲ˳ưˣ»ҪЭͬҲ˵˻ûץܳ롣
һжԷǳ
ǲܲģ
ԴʮֵСƫ޿֡š
򶫿˵ͷߵϢûôͨҶǫʱӱ»ն黹Ƿ꣬˶ڵĴ۳ַô죬Ҫ֧ԮȥϣҶǫȻ֪Щ¡
ڸϢϣȷʵڵġ
Ҳ̫ˣŶ೤ʱ䣬¶ûɣѾ꿤ˣ
Ҷǫ£ܿʶͦõġ
ǲ֪ʳһ£ǼӴǱ˹޻ģЩ޻ûڴ붼Ѿ͹֮£һʵů͵·ͱӣͷ͹ǶҪ̫ıů⡣
Ƕõ鰡
ȻѾŰһ޻ȥˣڽͷܲɳܵĻɳҪ೤ʱ䶼⣬һ˳һ޻ҲϲϽĶ졣
ڡ
Ǳ߻дѴûԸõ޻ȫֱӵͼչ
ڱǵĿ֮ͣĺǲǿٳˣҶǫȫƫص㣬˵
ȷʵǡ˼άҲɹƫ
æµĶǹϵĹյϢ֮Ҳûⷽȥ롣
˵ֻһҺֻҪ˿ŵЩҺǿ϶ῪʼԷؿʼ촬Ĺͷ϶Ͳģˡ
ʱʮа˾Ҫʼ˰
˽ͷ쵼֮Ѿʼ¶
ⶼǿְĹ
ֻ֮һλɹƷϳãҲһء
ȷʵ԰ˡӦ˾䣬ʼžẓ̌ϴεľڣεĺҪôҶǫһźȻֲԣɲҶǫһƲҶɾǲ׼ؾô
ȻǻȥġҶǫͷȻǼǹžǱߵģǱ߲ЭͬĸڣҺתҾͻȥ
򶫿ЭֲͬҶǫѾ˸ͷĽͷߵȫֱӽ
ͬھǱҶǫǶţͷʲô鶼ֻԼȽϿҲȽۣҲȾǸȵĻҪࡣ
ͷ߻ûгǽ⣬ʱʱнٷ˳û
֮ǰȥ֮ЩҶǫûо£Ǻܶ˵ģһ͹ͷһɳġ
ҶǫֻҪͷˣ֮ȴȥȫκ⣬Ҷǫܷġ
֮ǰҶǫ˳̸֮ЭͬŹٷе£ϴκЯͬĶԿ˵ЭͬͷߵĽ蹤ٽЭͬԺɻ¹ٽ֣ҶǱˣûҪôʲôģպŮ̸Ѻ顣
ԽӺ˵ľͲˣҶǫԽӵŮٻͦпģҲϧ֮ģԸĻǿǱ߰æҪټ
Ǳǲӭ㣬ͷǽһ֪Ǹȡûġ
ֻҪ볯ˣ֮ڣҪҲ׺ܶࡣ
ѵĶǴ01̣1ô1Ǿ֮ʱ⡣
Ҷǫ΢ЩĿŮ٣û뵽ǷҪȾǱߵĴҪܶ࣬ҲûӦ£ܾɺ͵˵ȥμӿƾٵҲͬС졣
ŮǱЭͬᣬҲû˵ʲô
ҲóҶǫŵ룬ھԼ飬ǷΪ£ѾеıƷˣҲûǿҪ飬Ҷǫȥˡ
ھУȥʳڵȣڶ־ӵĿʼŹ
ȻⲻЭͬĹжôڷܺͷŲ£ǷѮˮˣ϶ǵҪȥ
˾֪ԼҪҲǻ֪Լôġ
ȱľͲ͡
ҲǰеģŨĺıйıƷ
رϵͳ־ѾѲ߶ӿ˹
־ȻϲˣһСӹ̶ѲߣһȺͷǺ۵ģ־ǿæλûЭͬ͹š
־ٴϸڹ¡
һʼǺ˳ġ
λԽѧĴڰæ滮·ߣȼûж໨ʲôٴЭͬԺӸͽӵϵͳѡ
[ǰЭͬԺſɨ赽һפ]ϵͳ
һ̫˳˵ȣ[]
֪
ֱӸؼ˰
ȳ£ԥҪҪǰߵʱܿ˼֮ǳĹк磬ϣǼһ˵һϷ߿ߣһȥҪȻȻûλÿˣ
áòʶӦһ
Ѿ˿ˣ˻ȥ֡
΢£ѡ˳ЩĻЭͬǱǰ
û£ҲһЩʿѣֲڣЩʿҲʶ϶ûʲôµġ
ǰһκϵͳһαĳѣ[ҲԺ]
ȣ[]
[ҾˣӦýвܲ١]ˡ
˼ҲܲٺôҪ˵˲Żᵽһֻһ붼ܱĳ
ˣˡ
ЭͬԺҪĻڿ϶Ѿһɶˡ
糬ɡ
ô룬ʵʻǶϵͳ˵[ͳȻǼһ˵ʲôԾģͺ־Ǳ˵õkʹǼһ죡]
[õģ]ϵͳӦ÷ǳĻ
Ѿ˸ͻ׼̤Э֮ͬ󣬷Լ׼Ļǲࡣ
ŷѮŪļˮ顣
˵֮󣬷Ѯּ˺üдС˵ǿֱ۵Ĳο
ⶫ˵ȵʱֻҪʱͿԱǰɣ۷ţһ˺ü÷⣬ԺͱǱߴ̿ɾͷˡ


69 
⻰˵, ˲䱻̼Ӧֻ̧·
һֱӶϵͳʵ[˵õвԾ, أ]
ϵͳ̣[ҲǲԾ]
ȣ[]
ȷʵҲڲԾ
׼ȷ˵, Ҳûʵϵκô˼Ѿ뵽ˣֻ˵˶ѣ˱Ҳֻڶˡ
[ˡ]Ȳ˵κλ
ҲʲôǾĽ, ȥɶҰο, û塣
Ľ춼˹ϵһֵ֧, ֻҪЩĽд, ĵͿˣܿ˼·뵽ˮӦôս, Ҳһԡ
[б¾ȥ, ʲôıȫһ衣]ı
һ꿤䶼ڽͷöأȻⷽսĿǰھˡ
ڴܱߵأǱҲũԺģѾˣǸߺεĻ, ԼǱߵϰԣЩĸŪ, ĸ԰ѳ
ϵͳ[]оԽԽˡ
иϵͳǺת£[־˵kǿˡ]
[Ŷ]ĮӦ
־⻹һô۷ʢkôǿ, һŲͻ־һһҲû˼
ԺƼפԺſڵ, ִкʾ
̧ͷֶԷȻֵĻûʲôر¶ֻǿ󣬾ͷ·򶨵ؼ̽ˮĲ
ҲǷ·
ĬĬ
ôоȫ۾Լݼ
ȻݼģΪ٣ǴǷ濼ǣǴսʱľĿǣܻĿԶͷ㣬úܺõġ
ϷʲôͶ֮߰ӣսˮ׼Ҫû˵ĸомҵġ֮Իôϡãȫûиκε׼ͻȻֱѵĳŻġ
㻹Ҫ󽫾һµġ
ôо׻Ǵúȵȶ˿
벻ԼСʱֵӾ磬ʵ΢˽ãȻһÓһȺ˹ظߺʲôġ
־鿴ӾǾúˬԼˡ
ллָͷѾֱӿٵ޴½粻Ҫײˡ
Щ˳ߵԺЭͬ˺ֱӾ͸óһ·
/
˺ٵĺͶԷ˸û˭ںкͷǳȻİԼˮǱһݣȥɡ
⶯ȸоԵûˡ
ʶɨܣû˭̬ʲôԾĵطһеؿԼƺϣܸһʱĽһ㡣
ȣ
Ȼǵͷؿˮ࣬˼£¾Ūһ㸡ȶʱüͷ
ˮִЩˣɰʯ֮ǿ΢ⶫǿȣǴ˵㣬ҾֲڵָУˮʴҲ̫ã·ǿãźˮһĻˮ໹Ҫ졣
֮Զԡ
ǰʱרҵο˵Եʡ
ΪԼĵԶĳͷ¡
ⶫãȻǹ۲ȵı飬üͷʱͳʵ
ʻûôԥͰǹרҵ֪ʶ޹ˮݸΧˣشаɣǺ׸ǲã䷽Ҫĸġ
⽻ΪⷽӽеˡΪڽͷǱߴһˣΪ̷ǳϤ
֪ⷽܳɣôøǶǺ£ֽҲأڲҲϸᱡī
ⷽӿɷ񽻸͢ٷȷȵ̬ȺֱӾͶʵ
ȣ˵ʲôֲ¡
ϵͳ˵ģǸһ𣬼Ŀǰȿڵ״ãֻҪЭüѼȦ⣬û̫ΣգΣҲҪˮнɹ
ҾڵӿԴպסţЩ軧϶Ҫ¸ǷӵģǸЭͬŪʼˮ࣬Ҳδˡ
Լô˵ٷˮҲǸ⡣
͢ڲǱȽīسɹģǲðȥʵˮֹ࣬ġ
ǳʲôǶȣҧȥҪٰˮ࣬ս˵ȷʵòˡ
ⷽӺûйϵҲЭͬûϵⷽϣŪģ̸ͺˡȻǲϿ˵Ĺٰ¡
ᣬתͷ˷Ѯ
Ѯ㶣ûпǿȣЩίôͺЭͬûйϵˣôһ˻ЭͬأεҲЭͬҪְ
һҶǫѮǵڶأ
췽ѮûɻɵĶҪ޳ˣôһԼͺЭͬûϵˣ
ԶԵؿŷѮЭͬ£Ķģûгͻ
㴴ĶĬǾЭĶЭͬǴҵģǴҵĶǻģͷ̳Աʡ
ڻﻹǲݴ׶Σųߵ͵£ǻģ˲䣬Ҳǻµˣµδػôеڡ
ȷĹƶȣһ֯߶Զľء
ôһ˵Ѯ˶Է˵ָʲôⷽЭͬôʱҲеġ
ѮЦ£תͷ͵Ŵҵ棬Լ˵ǰڼͼǹǫǼһѸģĻͷ
ҪݺѮ˵Ǿӣһ㶼ˡ
ȿЦãá
Ѯȸ״Ҳûе飬ֱӾͿʼʼⷽӷֳɷ顣
̸ķֳɲûкܸߣϾѮƵķӻҪٷĹʤⶫһͺܴ󣬶ҹٷĶŪⶫԲⶫҪôӯ
ЭͬԺ˴Ĺ׶ܲҲһľ飬΢㣬Ѯһȥٷÿһһ죬ÿ춼ԸһӵĽ
ִǮĹһǧǮҡ
ǿ׬Ǯȷʵǲ࣬ʤʡžͿ׬Ǯ
⻹һһǮٸ϶˷Ӿֻһڸȫ˵һҹĳ̶ˡ
ûв̸ֳɵ£ûԼʲôϵ˺ֱȥԼҪĹҲ֪¥һȺΧȺڣ໥֮ȫĿ⡣
ŷѮܷǳ׬ǮӣǲѮ״ҶǫŪǸľèľʲôҲܲ
ⶫҪȥĥһеṹⶫѧ϶н̣ЭͬҲкܶ鼮ѧϰοġ
һȺ˲͹ȫǮ.£þ͵˶ԷĿ
һѾʼʸɻȿ˿Χϵͳʵ[ôһ治]
[㷽Ѯ̸жǮ]ϵͳܳϿҵĻش
[ǿġ]֪Σվߵȣš


70 
˺һӲ½½¥, Ȼ˵ⷽѮյֳжٵ¡
Ҳһ䣬һһ֧, ִһеͲн, ˮִҪֳʵ̸еˡ
ˮĽĹҲҪѮУټⶫҲʱûʲôʵһжֻ׶, ⷽĻ, ֻ˵廹ʰɡ
ôʱ, Щ˻, ҲܿЩ˶ԷѮֳ²
Ҳûô롣
Ͼӡʵ̫ˣʲôͬ²Ʊʮ, ˭Ҷ, ˭˭˭Сѧûҵ˾ڶʲôģʵ˶롣
ֻпʱֵʵ̫ˣҲôڡ
Ѿʱ9㣩ˡȰЩˣڵĹЧʣǲѾʼ׼ҪӰˡ
ȵı, Щһ飬ٶ˵ʲô, Լż뷽Ѯ㷢·Ƿٱ빤״̬
õӺȥʡͷҪ, ǰŸĹԼٷ¡Ѳ˷ЭͬΧ, ȷϰȫЭͬǱߵ֪»ʱҲٻԺȥڰĿʼԼյĹݡ
ʡǱյݹҪҲǶͦӵġ
û취͹ġ
ò˵ȸ̵Ȩ·ȷʵǸˣҲȷʵѾЧ
ĳǶôģֻ߾ټŻл볯£ڳ֮лȨȷʵǺܸߣҵҲ᲻ӡ
Щ˱»סټ֮·ʱҲҪλ볯Ϊ١
ο˰ѷѮŪЩˮƷǿˣˮһӦǴõģڳ˵Ҳһ뷨
˲ǼѧҲǡιƽ¡һףԼõһ£뷨϶ⶫôá
..ҩֻ̻ϵʱЩҪȡʯǺѵģʯͷôȡģÿһʯͷȡöܸ߰ЩطˮּʯͷˣʡµǮǿɲһ㡣
ˮ෽ҲҪõ㵹ⲻܹͿɴʯͷһģҪǳ֮⣬ĿȥûʲôãǳıˣǺ¡
ЩԱˮĹҪʵ֣ǱҪȵˮ෻Ū֮ˡ
ǰصĹ΢£һֹٷ飬ҪǻѶ˼ֻҪ˽һԺٷͷֿĶͿˡ
ʡͷĹԱæµ꿤¡
ԿûֱӰѴĹҴԼͼ¡
ǵģڳѾ½½֪֮ˣǵͼһطֻмǳصСжʮǳصĴ󿤡
հ
йԱһѪһţֲɶôһʳ޾롣
һ죡찡
ԭЩ׼ĹͻȻòҲûһôǳصĲοмѩһ
Щ˳ôʱˣڶˣŬһ켦ѪĳǣҹڿƣĲؼȥ·϶Լͬʵ
⻰˵ȥ꿤ȥĹԱǣ֪Ǳһ󣬳ĶҲ֮ǰѾˣͲģǳض֮󣬵Ǻּһ˽ȥ˵ȥҲǺܶࡣ
ֻǶھǵ˵ںЩ˶಻๻飬ǾԱ꿤֮ЩȫԵֱӽȫѹ
ءͬҲظš
˵꣬뷢̾Ϣ
ԱЩ꿤¹ǣЭͬͷմĳԱǣѾ˿ʮ·ˣҲ֮һ·̻
ô˵Ķ飬ȻнٶȲģȻܺͿӱ޴վᲢۡ
뿪ԽԶһ·ϵľԽݵĸ洦ɼҲǣܿɽϺܶľƤһƬƬʧȥҲ֪ΪʲôΪ·߱񹷷ʳʬѾڸ֪һС
Щ󲻹Эͬ͹ǣûʲôرı顣
ĴѧЩһٱټģѡЭͬ׵ģѧĹжûټ顣
ЭͬЩԱǾ͸˵ˣθߵ֮У󲿷Ҳط·Ǻܶ˵Ѫ׾·ϵġ
ЩûôǣǳȥҲǸڳ֮УһطһطߵҲǿĹٵȻشδȥעЩ
ȻڵһҪЭͬôԱһ𵽴꿤Щ˵ν̻飬Щ˵ס޷棬ЩΪٵ˻Ҫġ
ǲɱľҪߵ䣬˼ʵ
Ҳ˺ԭһɻãȻ
طϱͷû˵мģΪ˲˰ֱ˽Ǹ¡
İգԭӰ
ȷʵǴӸ֪պܿ࣬ǵĸ֮УΪҪҪۣҪ紵ɹﻹкܶ˿Ҫٳ֣вʹ
ֻҪڷһ㣬һ㣬ǿԹģֻǿѡ
ۼˣЩ߸ϵľǹԱǲ֪νĿ྿ܵʲô̶ȡ
ҲΪĲ֡
ԵĻ˭Ըʧأ
£ɶˣǵĹԱʵ
һֱˡЭͬǻشľڣҲˣֻǶˡ
ԱԶԣ֮ǰԭΪȵĽ׼ѡҲǺЩ̸ȥգѡȥ취Щʧ⡣
Щֻ·ĹԱǳʹϧ֮⣬ԼɹϽԭɸֲڷ⽨ͳηĴʽܲõİ취͸ˡ
ԺЩԱǿ˿ԼôˣҧЩԸߣǱһȥ꿤ɡ
һĵأܹ˻ȥġ
Ǵŵʳɲô˵ġǺܲҲЭͬ˱ʾǳ
Ƕǰģȥ£ֶûõġ
Ա˵ⷴǲܽ⣺ǽô·ĿҪһЩʳǿ϶ǲܾġ
ڿ˵ʳϽ͢ʲôģҲνЩ̵ĸ϶в١
ⲻЩԱֹۣǺôЩԱǣǴ򽻵
꿤ôһطҸ챦벻⣬򽻵ֻҪ룬ǾͶǳ̸
¾ôЭͬ³ԱǽŽɵ̬ö
ô㶨ʳ⣬ЩùԱϣô񴫴˼£ͽЭͬͷЩԱˡ
ϾԱǴЩ˾ǿЭͬĽ̻ҲǹԱǸЭͬ˵һο顣
¶Эͬ˵ѣЩЭͬͷطԱǡ
ǺЩйͬľﾩǺҲǱЭͬϤϣܹЭͬ˼ĸ˺ܴһֶҪھͷٵسԱҪ̡
ϾʼһƶȥĳԱǣڴ඼ڽͷھЭͬĳԱܶ඼ǻܹȥһࡣ
ЩԱ񽲻Ȼһһǵȵߵ꿤λã꿤ǱפصʿǶˡ
ôͻȻʮϮǣ
--------------------


71 
ɽ˺ľ, һ˵ڣҲͦ֯ģ, Ҳ޹ֺЩʿǻĸо
Ҫ֪Ҳǵһ꿤İ, ֮ǰҲнǴһЩս꿤ٴһ꿤İǳ
ͨİղûʲôԣһǱӸŵȺһ߰, ǰȺ˵ȫһ
Ҳûôడ
Ҫ֪浱ʱȥʱ, Ҳʹ, ڱ߾פصľͼǧʿ, һʮ֮ڣǻᱻ
ںܿдŹٷĹԱǳ, صʿǹͨȥˡ
ٷʿϵõ, ŵʣҲȷʵٵģЩʿǵҲˡ
Ҳأʮ˰֯£һ˴ӵϼһʯͷ԰Ǹ
ԱǿЩı߷ʿǸҪ档
ǿ̫˰
ȷʵǵ, ҲǵĳŵҲû뵽һ·߹, Ȼʮˡ
Ǻܶ佫ûͳʮ˵ľأ
ԭЩԱǾãԼһ·Ҳֱֱ꿤ȥģҲӦòر, Ȳ£ǼܾȵһӦû, Ҳÿ񶼻Ըȥȫİûп꿤ġ
ڹԱǵĹ֮УҲʹһ˰ɡ
ĿĿÿͷҪһҪ͵صĺ̸һ̸Ҫõֻǲѵġ
ʮĿЩԱȫû뵽ЭͬôǻˣЩڵĵ軧ҲЭͬԱˡ
ϾһıǾʵʵҲԲȥ꿤Ǳߣү˵ֻҪʮ˰һԼѳػ˰Ϊʲôȥ
ٽ黳ҶҲǻܻһ㡣
Щ軧һǾϼҴڵĺüˣһ£һߵĻһ
һʼԤڵʱЩԱǾ;ЩˣҧҧǸŪˡ
ԤȷˣԱǾУЭͬȥ̸̸ȻЭͬǱߵ˵ȻҧҧҪٶһ㣬ҲȫԵİɡ
ǰľˣ˵ľôȰʵҪʳ˵ʱ˵ɡ
˵ˣЩԱҲֻҧҧȥҪһ㡣
ٶҪһ㡣
ҪȻЭͬЩ˰ǵҪôãԼٵȴôУǵ꿤֮ҪôЭͬأ
Թ˾ûвӵģ鲻ܶ
մӶҪһ㵽Ҫڵ㣬һֱҪʮˣЩԱҪԼԴҪͺˣҰδ꿤ܶӪ̸ˡ
Ǻ°ٸѡĻᣬѡھͷ
ʡûûҹӰʲô߲Ŀơ
ôˣɾ͸ǺܸߣһʼӾͷȫûҪЩ׼һҪʳˣô񵱳䣬˭ס
ЩԱôǱ߼Ŀؼĵģǲôǻģٿһ¸ɡ
ԱҲôåŵģͨķѾû취ĳôʳˡ
ƣͷҲߵǿܻ᲻ú
ȻôнҲһôûеġ
ô֯м¼ȺڣЩԱһ·϶ûʲô۵ķͽǿ
ϾȺ˱߽פؾź£οЩͽ
פ꿤߽紦ʿǣЩԱôܲӯأط֮ҪĶ鲻ˡ
ô˸ж
˿ʿǿЩԱǼĿ⣬ʮֲԣʱѾˣȻʱЩڸȥ꿤ֻӪ֮Ϣ
ӪԭǸסĵطЩʱˣʣµĻס˵ģֻⲻʮ֮ǰԵЩ΢ˡ
ˣסôˣҪôţӪկصƫЩˣо޴ֻ֣öŹԱ
ڿƽ˵ĹԱǵǺܷɣػӦģŵǻԼ㶨ģֻҪЩܸס˾С
ƫѶϢôȥˣû͵õ˻ѶЩİǣȻĿʼһ񶼸ЩУʣµһЩǹЩй׻ѧϰȽϺõȥס˾໥һһպȡůô˯ˡ
ʮ֮޵ȺҲûеطôסģԽ¶ԽߣѾҪ＾ˣպҲܰסһ·պϹģӪկѾЩһ·סõĻˣҲûʲôġ
ѧϰõģйףƫһͷˮԵؿԱǣϣܵõЩԱǵĽ
ԱǿƫĿ⣬ϰԵľͿʼƫˡ
һϰҪöʮ죬ԱǹȥûôģȥЩǿûӵƫǽ͵ģҲѾЭͬЩ˸ϰˡ
һдӾǳʱҲٶˣھҪһʱ򣬺ܿͳһ֮ʵϾЩΣˣ»꿤ܲǰš
ԱǿǵǴӵضǱҪһֻͣЭͬ˱ʾҪҶƶҲֵܽãǽǻġ
ȻٸЭͬĳԱǾͿʼԴϼ¼ǡʶ֡
νЭͬĴͳϼˡ
һкܶطãһ㻹ǺõģǾǡн࡯
һֱûͨˣ͵ȵĽײȥʶ֣ҿеֻǸ֪ʶ鼮鿯ܶ඼ǹ±ûа취ģԼи߶˽Դ¢ϡ
Ҫ飬˭Ҫ˭飬ܻӭĿ⡪ǲʲôë֮ģ˭ȥֹҲû˾ǲԵ¡
ʼʶҶǫʱ򣬻ǱȽϴͳ˵Ҷǫ˽ȥƶǴ֪ʶ
ЭͬὨҲûֹⷽ࣬ЩǽĵطȻȻؾͿʼ˳ӦŰѧöΪ˼롣
Ҳ֪֪ʶĺãǺܶүŻĶǲԼѧᡣ
Э̵ͬĲһǽ̵һЩֺܼ򵥵ͼ˵֣12345ʲôģͺܼҲѧûүѧôȻôӣҺּѧļӼ˳ʲôģճҲõϡ
Ȼ֪ѧȥˡ
ν˵ֶ̣ǳʳ֪ʶͷʱܺڰʱҲܴӣһΪʦΪĸȻûôţҲеģ²ֻǰҲһ
ȶס֮󣬺˶ˣҲ϶ǰģʽ
ѧɺʦҰһЩĵ軧֮ϼҴڵȺɢͬݷֵͬЩûа취γ֯󣬶͸׳ӡ⻹ǳϴΪ˿꿤Эͬǿ׳ѿ֮󣬾ôùˡ
ʼЭͬԱûµ֪ʶ½̣ǵǰǰҲûжãҲֻЭͬѧ˼򵥵ûѧ͸ų꿤ˡ
Ⲣʲô⣬ЩЭͬ˿ԻӣЩǽġ
--------------------


72 
ЭͬᴴʱЩ, мһЩѻн취ѧЩ˵˼¶Щǽ, ˵ǵǼЭͬʱ, ѧôǵģŬȥ䣬Щݳȥ
ȻЩԱ˵, ûдЭͬܵô, ҪԼѧ˵һ˼ȥ, ǾǺܴڶ˽¡
֪ŵ, ʱǷǳȱģжƶǾ͸, лϷ, Ҳ˵һЩĲӼ˵Ĺ£ֻٲ䴫˵йأ䴫˵һֻĳط֮У
Щƶ˵ЭͬǽЩ£ӦԵķЩĲƽ, Ǿģûо, ҲԺܴܻϵġ
ЩʲôʱĹ°һ񣬶, ̲סʼԼľʧ, ˭ûеأ
̲סŹºᣬҲԩҲ𣿡
ȻڣʹЩ˾ͳŹ˵ӣú޿κε˵̣µĹ٣Ǿĺùٵġ
ǻеģǶǼλѵǺù𣿡ڰ˵ûжҲܼ򵥣ЩԱǳϷˣֻǿ˵ӣԱƲϣںѾǺܺõĹˡ
˹λˡλ˺侲سʵ
ɱŹ²ˣЭͬЩԱǶ޲ߣ֪ӦôӦԣڸҲͬͳԱһЩЭͬ˵Ⲣѻش
ΪҶӦúúõĶ飬ȥѧϰȥ٣Ϊˣһ˵ǲģǻᱻûģ¶ǸĹԱȻ¾ͻǹġЩ˵ȷʵǵ뷨
ɱЩҵˡ
Ǿռ֤׫д״ȴһʵʱش
ھȥɱأ
ⲻȥɣǴ˴ɷҲйүҲлǳɹأһлݴ۵ɷáǻشúܳϿңЩƿԡ
ȻʵĻﲢƽϢǵŭţ˵ȴʱʲôʱҪԩõȴһʲôʱ
ŭҲûʲôη壬ƶػشȵ͢ٿƾ٣ҵΪٵʱ
Щŭƽƽ֮ȴ
֮ǰ˵󹫵ĸˣЩ˵Ȼ˵ЩΪ٣ʲô˼ﶼ֪
Эͬ֯һֱʱ򣬲ǱЩ
ǲ˵ջҲںǻƶ·ϣΪѳֻ·ˡ
濴Щǡ
ɱһ磬֮󻹻ðһϣǸҲãɱ¾ҲãҲãյĽı䡣ǶǶʷģЩ鲢ѷ֣ţܹһ̩ͨ񰲵Ĵ֮ͬϣܺһ̽
ɢҵİ֪ǲеģ¹㣬֮ǰڴЭ֮ͬǰܶ࣬½н
Ǵѧġ
ƽЩǾ;ۼ̸һվȥŹԱǸЩ·żʱȥҸ˵Ҳû޵£ЩԱǻҪȥæҪ
һֱȥ飬ֻЩ͵軧ڹ֮УûҪЩǰϣֶڹȥһֱδ
ʱЩĹԱǳ棬Щ˽˵ͷǳĺʡ
Ա˽֮󣬶ЩЭͬûʲôѾˣֻÿƵİƸ˹ΪЭͬͳЩ֮һ䡣
ԱǰԼǰ׼õһЩƻѰϣȥ꾡ϸĺЩȥ˵꿤ʲôģγҪʲô
еʱ·Ҳ˳ЩǵһЩʣ絽֮ʲôӦô˵ôôŲǹϷЩѡ
ֻЩԱȥЩҪ꿤İǴģ֮Щطĸĸ٣ǵĿ˵ŻЩЭͬû취͵ġ
ЭͬǳԱֻЩԱǣʹֶô˽⣬ЭͬԱǱŴҶͬ࣬ЩӦҪ֪Ҫ˽Щģֻ˽˲ŻϣΡ
ܶƶǶǻججĳججȥԼһ㣬ǵһ֪ԼԭģǱҹģȫĲһ㣬ôʹЩעȥ
ЩԱ֮ЩҲŸСžţûôĸкʹ壬ôǰǲ˵ʲôòԵĻġ
Щ˵ˣǻԼŵġ
ڸϣյʱ򣬿ԺɲҪԼģǺЩһǰУЩƶеغǡˡʦһشЩƶ⣬ӹЩƶݹĳʳˮ
˻ûôãҲûô
ڲʶ£ǻֻһ֣һİĺǣǼƵĽǾһ
нפؾӪ֮ԱǶƫǽ˵ȫһ̬ȣŹԺҪҫ顣
㿴Ұô˴ˣһôԾҼҵǲر
Աڽ֮ҫ̬ƫ
˵ĹԱˬ֮Ҳܿͽ˱ְЦеؿƫ·ܳԵĶԵĲˣͷҲóԷˣܸһЩʳֻҪһپͺãһǾͳ
ҺسʷҲнġԱƫʼԼĽ飬鲢٣ȷʵԭϵˣͷҵ꿤سʷӪկ
ڱϵӪկȻ˲оʳܹϰһµģҪһٷ϶еġԱžˡ
аƫӦ÷ǳˬ졣
ӪկѾʧȥʼפصĹܣڱһֱ£ŰأҲԵĿ˲١
һʼƫۣһ꿤͹·޾ʳҲͶˡ
ͷкЩʳŵĶʼ׳ˣ⻹ֻ潫ϴٴЩԼҲֿģٷֳʼ̵ʱ򣬺ǾͶûٶ
ôԶԲʳÿ̫ˡ
ҵ˼붼ôġӡ
õҲ꿤ʳЩҪ꿤ְĹԱǣƫܲˬ
һôˬĴ𸴣ԱסԼʲôӪأ֮С
ǱߣȱǸԼ֮С
˺ü˦ƹҶǫڻˣȺԥذһڿԼԼҵ֮ˡ
ֻ֪ʱƽ˵һսҪʼˡ
ڴҵļѼ⣬Ѿ֮ǰˡ
ֱӸ滮רҵֳأӸɾټѼʣҲ򻮷֣ļļҵĸŪװס
Ҳܼ򵥣ԭȵԺˣֳؾֱЩԺϾɵľϴģĶһûֳ÷ûôӣĲϾһЩΣյĵطˮ
֮ΣҪɣûҪŪ̫
ȷϹֳصİȫ㹻󣬲ġ
ò˵Ǳ֪ԼȾͲҪٵЩˡ
˵Эͬ˶ԾפͻȻ˼ʮţԼҸǷ·ǳͷԣҾ÷ǳףûʵ˵Ҳǿҷ۽ǮеģڰѣæҲʲôĻҲͽŽɵˡ
ϾȥҲûϲԼŶ飬ھѲߵｫ
˵иǰ
ЩͬסǵİҪô죿
ָʹþȥֳʲôģͺܻҲȻаİǳԷʱȫӼͷܿô˵Ҳʡ
ȷʵһʼþӰڶȡִһΪǾȫָ֮ˡ
ȿϹԼ죬֮ʲôģɲûдȥʵƺšĲ˵ǰʵƺţȨʱ򻹸Ҵλ
˻ҪȵģȲûʵ۵ݣǲ׼ȷ˵
ĬĬؿҶǫ
ܵĿҶǫ̧ͷڿԼã
ȿ飬Ҷǫ΢΢ЦЦ
Լô൶ڹʲôģֵİɣ
--------------------


73 
ö, ǿ϶ֱ׺Ҷǫ˵ȥʲô, ѳ˶Ӽﺰ֮ġ
ǺֱӶŴ˵ԼĹҲûʲô
ȿɲҶǫԼ, ϶ʱʵһﵽ¡ҵġĹ֮͡Ļ
ȥĻȸоҲǱȽֻҪͦȥͺˣڲУҶǫµĻ, ǺֱӸʲôһѾ֪ˡ
ֻҶǫԼ
ǫȷ׼̸ķ֮, Ҷǫ˵, ҼǵЭͬ˾֮, кܶũҴһЩʱ, ;û඼ЩԱ, ЩũҲǻĳԱƺЩ
ҶǫҲ˼£Ҳȷʵˡ
ΪũƽŪأֲɣһ֯ͥھԸ㣬ʲô, ҲԼǽЭͬᡣ
ЭͬܶЩũа, ҲֳֻѼ£ũ˵ûôҪ
˵ֳ鲢ûʲô鷳ģڵҪȥιʳ, ũ˵ЩѼԼȥʳͺˣȥ溦
޲еĺӾû, Ҷǫ룬ƺĶЩġ
˵ǻӦҪʲôҶǫȷʡ
Ȼ㣬Ѿ뷨жԲߵˡ
ȷʵЩ뷨ǲҶǫ˵ġ
ָָҶǫǰ飬ָָҶǫЭͬĻ᳤ҪȥЩ
Ҷǫһ٣ˣĿ飡
ǵһôȷԼ飬˵ŬѾöԷѧ
֪ˣҶǫʮֻ˵
Ҷǫı飬һ衣
ǰȼ¶ˣʾ֪ˡˡЩ֪׵ݣʮִĿġ
˵˵֪ʲô򶨵ʵ
ģһֱǵĽ̻塣Ҷǫǳŵػشʵ֪ܳдЭ֮ͬǰľ֪Щ͹ԱҪĶ顣δȥ˽ũ϶ȥ˽⣬ȥͨǽ̸֮󣬲Żῼʲôġ
˵ЩǿܾӦܾñˣԲ˵ԼЭͬĴھΪǷġ
ΪЩû˵ûпԾͺˣҪѣ᳤ǳӦõ顣ҶǫϿҵ̻¶Լķ˼һȴŴҵߣԵĻҲޣһʵ
ϾЭͬĹô࣬Ҷǫ϶ҪɻģȻչ׼ũʱ䣬ƾ棬һ˵ģũǻȥһЩƣҲδػڼңȥҶǫҲδˣǵЭͬǣסһٻһЩ
ȣ
ûҪϵˣһ׼Ҫȥ˰ͻеһһȥֱӾ͸ˡ
ò׻һˣӹĿຣÓ϶ǲҶǫµġ
ȻԼʱʱŶԷСˣû¾ͰǰèèëߣйҲһ
뷨ܲȻﻹҪģô˵ȶҶǫΪжǾģǸʱԼټҶǫ˼Ϊˡ
ȿ۷·ŹâҶǫºЩԼ˵ģЭͬǴҵģ㲻Լɡ
ҶǫεؿһֻȥһЩ֮ȥʹҪȻ᳤ҲһԺܶ鶼֪ƺЩˡ
ЩӵģҶǫҲûⷽ⣬ͦǰֱֵ¾͸ˡ
ҶǫȵЦЦҶǫˣ˵ǲҲѧҲûټοǺЩҲǸһ°ɡ
ϾʣµʱѾˣȿɲҶǫʱ䡣
šҶǫӦ
Ǹʱ飬û֪ͨˣԺЩûЭͬڣҲνϾҲǿʲôᣬƫ˼ʣǻʲô뷨ˡ
λԱҲȽӣӹԤֹĳԱЩΪ˶͹ԼһЩǵ軧񣬵ȻԼЭͬԱı
֪Ҷǫ˼Ǻ󣬲ͬ˲ͬݣǵķЩһ˼ڸũߣũɸһЩ
Ϊ軧㲢⣬ϾʡǵҲûʲôãǲǲڷܣȱҲǵʳΪũ߾ͻ࣬ĽΪܺ͵̸̸õһЩͺˡ
͹ǺЩĳԱһʼʲô߽飬ţ軧֮ѶϢͻȻôһͽˣҸӼ򵥶ȡ
ũаЩũҪѰƵĻǰ
֮ǰЩȥ꿤Ĵһˣھȱ˵ĺܣЭͬԸðǵĻǸʱǺЩġ
Щũǳũڼʱ
ǰҪǳͶʣǼȱأ
ЩԤΪǣܶĹ𲽽ֵģûٱЩķ׷ʡ
ũڹȥˣ괺쿪ʼ׼ֹ֮󣬾ҲһպÿԶȥһжǳİ
ôһֵĽôˣЩũԺ̸ڳ⿪Ƹᣬ˰ϢڳȥȻȥЩҪ̡
ЭͬԱģǸˣܰ׸ɻһôɡ
ЭͬҲǮƸ󿪸ˮϯǧӴӦƸĴǳԸҲܺİɣҲƣòǣ
ȻܳǮ͸ˣһԼδԱǵĹذԼĹ͹Ǹλϰ˵˵ǲ
ôöЧʼߵؿʼʵ飬ʱʱڹؼطЩ˵㲦ع
[ǻ̫ʵ˰]Ҫ㲦˲֪ôȥЩʱҡЭͬԱǣʮֺɸ֡
Ƹᣬټͺ£ž󲿷ֳũǶѡ.
˵ģĸãԲĵ軧ܾһѵأ
С
[Ϳһ˾ڼﲻأ]ϵͳԼĺǡ
[ģʱһᰲȥԼǱ߾ٱǳȥѲôֶȥμӣԷȥȥҪĿ϶⣬ͳͳץ]ȶݺݵرʾ
Ⱦһָץüͨ
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74 
ԼĹ滮뿪, ʰż¼ϣʰʰ, ȻΪ̫ʵǾͿʼʧ̾Ϣ
̵ֱˡ˵
˻ûиܳ, Ǹˡ
ȻϷԲûж٣ڳĬţƫ뷽ʱ˵һ仰ȥȷķ˼
һֱЭͬǶ̵ŵġ
仰ͿԵ㲦ǵ˼·
֮
ʼЭ֮ͬǰ, ϸ˵֮, ֻ֮, ĸ㲦, Լȥ˼ȥΪһ, ֻ˳ӱ˻Ŀܡ
ЩũԱ, ҲȺġҶǫȻûаģȵΪ˵˳ȥ
ڳ˵̾
ǻǲ㰡
ȰЩɡ΢ɥ꣬໥ƸӦƸ˲żУ˼
ҾַʽȫԹ̶ƽҲԹЭͬǽϣҪ˾͹, ǵʷ㣬ũеʱٰڵͷȥ
ɺܶ˲ʶֵġ
ⲻãԶشʶ֣ôֿ, ֻúѧǼֻܼǲס϶ԼġҪѧ˵˵˵Թʹ
ûסЦ
λһֱ֮Ƣõ, ѧֹһֱǳƵѪѹ
һжڷΧ, Ϣ֮еϵͳ[]
ճ趨йصϢ봫ݸ֪ϵͳΪȻǲ˽⵽Լ뿪Щ˶˵ʲô˵ȣ[]
[ԼΪʲôͷϣ]ҧ
[ô죿]ϵͳʵ
[Ǳ졣]ڣҪסҶǫܵо˼ʱ䲢࣬Ѿĳһȫе⡣
ȻȥҶǫǣԼ뷨Ȼ˵ֱ˵Ƹ᲻ҪκԼйϵⲻǲ
ȶҶǫ˵ǡ
ǫ˺󡭡ЭͬڻǲҪˡɫƽ
Ҷǫ˲Ȼ˶վŸղǸǷʲôΪʲôͻȻ˵Ļ
ҶǫûСʵǷʲôˣ
Ҳ㷢ʲô¡ȿ˿⣬ϵͳȷʱ˳·󣬡ֻǶѾܳˣѾԲҪʲôһЩСЭͬڵʱҲֲ
Эͬ᲻ӦúйĹϸ𡣡´Ҷǫ·ĻҪ䵱Ͷ
Ǵ
ΪʲôҶǫŵؿȡ
ȿҶǫôʺ󣬲ż˵ӦÿóݱȽ⡣
ΣҶǫšüͷ΢𣬡̸ǵģеѣӦöȥݣʲôݣǻᶼǻӭģЭͬҲѾͼļЭͬ𣿡
ЩûйϵҡҡͷǺйϵ
㲻Ϊʲô֮Ͱ˱رסЭͬ𣿡ȻֻҶǫصЭͬԺɻĵһ죬Щصı仯Ҷǫ϶Ѿ˽⣬йһЩƲˡ
ҶǫʲôƲ⣬ȶһƲƷ
ȻΪǰһ
Ҫı
[ɣҾͲǻԱǰ˵ʲô]ųɱȶϵͳš
ҶǫȺһͣԷԷɸҶǫûжѡҶǫ̲סҪȷһ£΢΢ƿĿ⣬һֱŵǸϡ
ԷֱͦͦվţȵģһĿϢ
ȫûΪǴ治Ļκα仯𾪡
ɶ˵շڱ°㶪ЭͬɻˣڱҪԼʲôģܻ𾪡
˵ʲôʲôӦ֡
շ̬Ҷǫ˵Ǿ֤ţȶ˵滰շҲ֪ģԲŻıжûκηӦ
Ҷǫ˿ƽԼ顣
ܿ˼顣
Ǹƽ¡Ϸĵʼ֣͵ٵЩеʱ䣬ٻ¶þ͹Эͬᡣ
Ҳûʲôǹ
ȥû¾ͳǰģҪģЭͬ߿ֻ˳
ı
Ҷǫȫû취ͷµϡ
Ҳ޳Щ˶ԱµĹڦ𣿡Ҷǫ˱ۣɬ˵
ǵԼȳʱʱȾͶЩá»ʶȻɲΪ»ʣʱ»ʵĿҫûʲô˵ĵطҫּ꣬ס
ȻҶǫǵÿ»صʱǲÿɷ񣬵֮ÿο»ʵʱҲûдϹ
ΪʲôҪȥ»ʵķأ
Ҷǫ»ʾܳƵǸӢľ
ܱģЭͬԭվԽ߿ԽԶҶǫЭ᳤ͬôʱ䣬ҲҪ͸˴򽻵ģҲǵǸ³çµվǾſڣһͺҪЭͬѪ
Ⲣ˵ҶǫѪȴˣѧ˴ӸĽǶȸȫĿ⡣
ҶǫѾ֪ԵʱЭͬƣѰľȻҶǫΪΪƣ֮˺˯ЭͬһֱάֵڣǱȻ»ʱѾĬ˵ġ
˺ʣ»ʱµУаյġ
ҶǫܹĻ췴ɹǰ·
ЦŻӦЩûйϵ
ҶǫȵĻشҲ⡣
ǰЩûйϵ

Һޡ
˵ǱȻѡɡ
Ѿˣûϵ𣿡Ҷǫʵ
£ʶȲ֪ҶǫԼĲ²Ѿƫɺȥˣһ֪û㣬ϾкܶĿ֤˵ģһδжû֤ݣǲʲôġ
ҲЩ˵ʲôûжûıʶҲûаȫϵ⡣
ҶǫҲйĵģҶǫ϶ֹԼһعȥ֮ĳʱѡҶǫ˵ıͺˡ
鶼ȥˣЩҲžǱĹϵ
̴ġ
[Ļ]ϵͳóʵ
[ģѾˡ]ȱʾǸˡ
[ǡ㿴Ҷǫɡ]ϵͳƺЩɵĸо˵
ȣ[]
Ҷǫ˹ȥֱֱ˫ʹ˫ۣƺԷھڿ֧ţʲôʹ裬ʮԳ֮¡
ȫסû뵽ĿܣʱȲʶԼæͷûȥҶǫĸܡ
Ǹ˵ѵġһͶǰȥסҶǫ˫ۣһְֻӵססԷѡ˶Ҷǫ̹ϣ˵Ҳϣ˽̫飬ôΪұ𣿡
[Ѿٺ˽Ӵˡ]ȵ͵͵ضϵͳ˵ָǸɵϵͳʲôش
ǺãȻ޴ġ
ȵûо˵Ѫ׶֮ѾԼ˲ǺҪ£ľغҲû̫¡
ҶǫǿЭ᳤ͬݣܹ侲Эͬȵ֪֮УҶǫҲ侲ĴЭͬʡ
Ȼڵǵġ
ڶȥԼҶǫĿĳУڵ඼š
ʱȲеʶԼҶǫǷǳҪĴڡ
Ϊʲôأ
Ͼȸ֪֮УҲû档
һֱǹţԼҪȥġ
--------------------


75 
[ûٸҶǫдŰ]
, ɵϵͳܵκο壬ֻɵضʵ
ȣ[]
[շдġ]ΪԼƱ
⻰ԶϵͳϹ, ļٵʲô, Ҳǲ
̾˿
ʵǴѶԷִ֣һ˻һȺҲû⣬û̫ġ
ִ֮зַֺϺϵҲ̫ˣѼ.ʮ, ޻̸֮һ, ֮ͻȻĳ쿪ʼ޴Ҳǳе顣
Ҷ·һ˵Ϸ
Ȼʱ˲ûĬ
ȻҶǫոֱֱеĿ, ΢΢ü
[, Ҫʲôʱ]˰ˣά, ϵͳɨ赽շʼЩ̫Ծ, ʵ
[ͳɨҶǫûС]˵ضϵͳʾ
ǿҶǫĿһʱΪֹʵͿֲƬ￴͹ûʱסĻҲûʲô
ȷû֮ǰǾԲҷģ
ϵͳԾȥɨˣڳ򷴸֮, źܿ϶ض˵[İû, ҶǫĿͣҶǫӦôѾֹͣתʲôûˡ]
ȣ[]
ʱŲԼ뱧ŶԷһֵֻ, ԷӲط·ǿľͷĴС
ջ֣΢΢һ, ȻͿҶǫȷʵʮִ͵Ŀ⣬ԼԷ͸˵ӡ
[]ĬĬ£ǿ˵[Է⽨ʱЩˡ]
⡣
ϵͳһԼɨ赽ĺЩ⽨ʱճһȦһȦ˵[ǶԷ⽨ʱһЩ⡣]
[ͳ㻹ǸҶظģɡ]ֻҽ͵Ȳ˽̫Ӧ֪ݣһⷭܶʷҸоˣҪϵͳһ١
תͷһշշǸ΢΢ͷվˣڻʹʱҲһ
շְҵǷǳİ
ϧʷûл¹ٳɹλģֻл¹ҹģҪȻȾշȨҪӺࡣ
ջԼĿ⣬ͷҶǫѾ΢ˣ·ǧһ㿴ȣðſĿİͰ͵ض˵ȡ˵Ŀ滰
û뵽һȫ̼ܵӵҶǫعһǺȷɺεһζҶǫǸǸŵˡ
Ҳظ˿϶ش𣬡˵ģ˵ҲģǰĲȫǡ
ȫǣҶǫʱһ
ȶҶǫգգۣǵĻ˵ѡ
Ҷǫ
[Ӧú˰ɡ]û飬̫ȷضϵͳ˵
еϵͳ[ܣ]Լﲻ̫Ծ
ϵͳĻӦܸʲô϶ģ뻹ǻƽԷȺܸɴһӴԷҪղҰοʱô˶סˣ
ȵεٽֺ鱻ԶԷûκ˼ʲô顣
򵥴ֱЧ
Ҷǫ˶˵ãbushi
Ƿ·ȻĿ⣬ҶǫĿ΢΢ƫЩſĿİͰ͵˵Ҳ֪֮ǰڽ򶫿ʱŵ˰ɡ
ȣʵûô˽ڽ򶫿ôˡ
ʱʱ򶫿ǱߴӣѾоǱΪ󱳾Ķʹذˡ

аԵӡ
ӳ綼ᵽ󱳵ģʱ򲻴Ժûôõʱȥ˽ˡ
ʲôˣȻǹŹˡ
ǺĿ⣬ҶǫӲͷƤ˵ǻﲻͷǱ߷չĺܲڽ򶫿ǱЩҲǺҾȥ˿̸ֲ¡
Թϵҭס
ܺãֶ֪ı̡
ȻأˣǹϾ͸Ҫˡ
ȻʵҲûʲôҶǫĿȼߡѹȸСĺĿ֮У˵ȥǹȥ̸ʱʱȽϳǵĻڿһԺ˼
һʼǸҰ˼ˣǳȥˡ
ԹѾǰʼЦˣϤľ飬Ѿµʲôķչ
Ȼڶ죬Ǿ͸Ұ˼еġ˵ҶǫıûסЩŤ
ȿҶǫǸ飬ûĵЦ
ȵЦҶǫǱ߶ȿţһȻʮŵصЩек׳ģЩﵽʲô
Ҷǫڻŵ㾪ֵɫЦøӴ
ر⣬Щ֮ҶǫղŻķӦ
һǱų֢˰ɡ
ǫ㳤úÿҲȺĵؼҶǫ˵
Ҷǫɫ˼֣Щί
ǿ˼ŬֹסԼЦ⣬ŬЩ飺ǸǸǫ㻹Ǵ
ϾʩˡŮӽޣǲίȵĴۣҶǫǻӦغ̹Ȼôʵ𣿡
Ҷǫ˵˵ݵҲǺһͷ
ôðίôܿίأ
˵ƴδԼ˵ӣϴκȥ֣ҲδйҪЩʲôؼҸ˭ӡ
Ҷǫ˼΢š
檣ȷʵࡣ˵£Ҳ̾˿
֪ͬλȥͿܵδôЩദģԼ϶ûа취κλӦģò˵ЩɺŮǳڹٳͿ֮УȷʵȺݺ˿
ͷѸټǺϡƽ¡
λ֮λӹϵôãټҲʲô¡
ܻҪȻʵҪȻؽڣ϶ȥҪɸǰʵؽڡ
ҶǫȻͷĪЩյģţҲǣϾҲѾˡ
ţЩֵؿҶǫûҶǫ˵ʲôϵͳְܾظȸûݣ̲סЦ
[죬Թ]㹤̵ĵô࣬Ҳһ[˵Ҳܼװ˵ԼǸֳ˰]
ûʲôҶǫܿԼҲ˵ģղҺʹұܵһʹ˵ġ
֪ΪʲôͻȻת˵̧ͷ˿ҶǫŶԷĻ˼붼ûмҶǫΪʲô̲סʵͲʲô𣿡
Ҷǫҡҡͷ峺ؿȣȻ֮ǰϧ˵Ҫı桯еԵҲöİɡ
ǲΪѵġ
ȣ
[Ϊʲôһ˵⻰ʱҾȻر˧ڷ⣿]ȶϵͳŵ˵
[Ϣʾ˸˵Լⲻѧʱһð˵Խô⣬Ľ̻ˣ¶ԷĳЩ껭ǸʱҲöԷ˧÷··]ϵͳš
ΪͻȻʮй
ȷʵһ̶ԷѾˡ
񣡣
ûôܹȥʱҶǫֱΪǾ񣡣
һҶǫȷʵǰȵķոˣһֱ䣬Ƹ̯ĸյ֪ͨĸũǳɵĹ룬Ҳûκκصݴȥ
Դˣȱʾʮֵ⡣
ڴͬʱ֪Эͬ²Ҳ˽⵽˳
ϾڳſⲢû̫Զĵط֧̯ӣҪЩؾǴкģϾ˶ڣһͺ鷳
ƸӦƸôϡֳϵ϶ЭͬЩ˿ġ
ִʲô


76 
µ·лǺԵ, һʼŮ볯ǺĪȥҿ, ֻͻȻһѹְ
Ϊ˼Խͷ, ȫǳжϵķ߱ȻǱɡ
ΪȡաȻǶ»ʵΪֹʮϤ
Ǽǵ򱱺˵ĻҪʲô, žˡ
Ӹϱ, ϵĹ, ǿõġܿͳ, ȥЩƸĵطάȥˡ
춯أھڲȱˡ
ȥѰҿʿǶ, ĿɹҲȲС
ԴŮļ֪֮һЩ, ⶫȻȼúʵУյ¿ɳú֡
ʱûжԼ֮˵Эͬͼֽʲô뷨֪˭֮, ˲뷨ˡ
үȻûв´µ˼Щڽ, ҪЩŮʹõģ
ǿųѾ̫ƽ׼һ֮ŵ˰ɣҲϺ֮, ¾ͻῪʼܱߵĿˣ֮ȫ¶Ϻ
˭뵽Ǹѳĺ, ˻ʵ֮Ȼô
վڳǽϿԶӣ»һ꣬Ƽһֻ۶ӳſڳȥʮĿԵɢų䷽о
ǺֵΪ
Ƚ첢ǸýϵӣӦûҪ˵
μҪȥץˣҲһɢ·״ĵ̺ʽһơ

ע⵽
κ˸űµƸᣡȥŴʲô
ԭͺܾжܿϢʹݵǡ
ûзʲô£Щһϼƣôֲȥμӵͷ϶ģԴӾ̫ƽ֮ȱҵİǼѵõһδж
Լе˵֣˭⼸
ˣ˵ͷԼ뵽ġռ鱨ʿظ
ܹ̫֮ôãշȻһõ˷չڵõµİ֮û׵˿Եġ
ҲȷʵûģҲǺ£Ҳûйܡ
ͷۿɳƲʲôΪЩ˳֮ɲûץˣץû£ץ˾ǹ¶Էڴ϶ˣ˵вΪʲôȥڼҲģ
ԭҲÿũҪȥμǸƸģһǺ.ΪԭѡȥҲв١
ȳһۺЩ۽ϴ١Ϣ˳ȥЩûȥ˵£ûǰѼֵǮﶼȥͷܻȽϺһЩ
ŶЩ˵ȥĵطȥĻһƤǲܳġ
ôһſڴƸǰֶһ˳ͷϢǺܱģȻҲ͸˸ںͳ⣬ڳũ˵ҲͶ֪иЭͬˣŵصĵǸǼһЩ⣬ǶԳͣǰ
ֿۣҪɻʮˣҲŲǮԼŪЩõͷȥߵɽϿܲץҰζʵڡ
ƸӰڳеǱģеͼһеǴżʲôԭܹǴССĶټҹˡ
ǿЩ飬ЭͬǱɤظ˵ҪʲôģʱʲôʱһǮί߲ǮԵ˭ʲôģҲͦ׵ġ
ЩæˣһѣɫΪͬҲڵģŮҲǺļӣҲǺͬˣЩ˳ڻǺ׵õЩũġ
Щ˵˿Ŵ󷽣ϣͳӣ͸ܹĶЩũġ
ٽ̫̫ɹοЭͬɻ˻ЩũǺϰڶļڵ¸ɻģû˭ԴԹ
ֻǴֵũ˽ܣоòģĥȥϼ쿴ҲǲɶģĪֵ֮ȥӦƸ
ջûйѾƸˣЩ̫ԥũȵҪȥԵʱ򣬷Ѿȫ˻ᡣ
⽨СũᣬũǵɲǳЩ͹ǿԱģȱ֮кֻܶźȥҲȻ顣
ͷҶǺϰ£ΧЩŵڸ¾͸ˣûũΪѡ¡
ЩũҲûżء
ϾúѵǿãһѵôļᣬʲôľۼһԼЩӺ̻̻ҲƸΧһСˣȻҲôżߡ
ֵĳһߣһȺջķᡯѺһǴɷǡ
ʱҲҪ°˵ģǹԱҲӰ£ǲԼͬʱԼץ˴һ׼
ЩǲߵܿŵķΧڣȻ͸оԼ˲ܿƵҡΣŷⲻԭ򣬶ǵҡΡ
һ޺ųţؾͿԶƸǱ߼򵥴ӣҡ֮в̮
ⶫǵüҲûʲôϾʱĶû˭ȥҪͷ˰һµҲûʲô¡
Эͬ˻æһ˾죬̧ͷȥԶɽžʯľ̮һ־¶ǿֲ˺͡
ɽͷǴŴ壿ʵû˸شΪҶû˵໥ȷԼ˵İȫȥעܡ
ǽǽˡĿ˵
ߣɭҰܳˣסиҵ𽥷ӿ
ЭͬĳԱܿһͿ֮лعʼسǵʿǿʼά
Ҳû̫ѡ
ΪһδũϼҴڵĹ˶ڣԻǱȽ˰ĵġ
οЭͬ׼ʳҲڡ
һξҵĵפ͵طЩˣһʱЩʳסˣ˵ЩһЩͷӺЩˣЩӰ졣
ʱ򣬴Ҷû˼úóһԼڶѳԵİӺͰ࣬ӺͷãȻ޴ģڶ֪Լʲôһ
ǼȻҲǸڷ絲ĵطҲ֪δػЭͬʱӺö١
ЭͬӶˣǼҿ϶ҲûˣҪϾҪ붬ô
ũϲǳࡣ
ûж˿ϽܳûɱֶǺܶũЩģҪؼͷȥֻȫפصǸ
˵ͷ𲢲ȫ֮Ļ͢ᰲžֵ飬ôҲҪһĻ
Էʱй𣬴ҺܿĻҲûйȥűľүȥֻ֣һЩûиģӲͷƤȥܲ뿪
ʱʿҲûȥЩµģϢȥԷǲΣҪȥģҲû
ٰŵ˳ʿά˵ǿҵĵʱ򣬱Ȼܶ˻û£кܶԮҲҪ
ȻæµҲеĹԱҲʮѸٵĶ˷Ӧ̵ʱڻָ
ȵæһ˼鿴ϱһЩѶϢ
÷ʧȻ鲻ֵĹҪϵģͳȻҲƹܾĽ
飬ĴԼȷ˼ûŪĬȻԡ
һʮˡ
оųɶǾڵġ
̧ͷ˿ǽЩɾۼ̻̲ũǡ
¡š


77 
š
˵, »ʼλһ겻Χͷôĵ, ǻᱻ»ʻλͳԵĴ, 㲻Ƕᶯ
ڵ֮ǰ»ʱ¾ѾȰ˶˴
һٶˣִǸ, ڹŴһֻô, Ҳ˵һˡ
ʶ»֪, ԲЭͬʱϸһ־Щ, Ǳ֪ΪʲôЭͬ¡
ĪǵԤʾʲô, עҪ, ͱ²ûйϵѡӰСʱ
֣еıˣǼұ¹Ȼ֮ӣ֮ˣ
˫۷޲ھѸ£»ʾЭͬͷ, ֮СȫǱµĹʡЩ֪ĹΪѱ¡
ǿסͷ, ʱ̶ţԼҪµĲ£Ҫұµı
¼Ȼδκ˱Լ, Ȼġ
ǵһֻԼ֪˭Ҳ˵ʱ, һǳܵ顣
ҹһƣصҺ󣬷ȥ˯žԼҷɻĿ֮ƷֱܱдǧֶĴ֡
к£˿д겢ûźɻʵ
£ֻͻȻүдšԼһĻдˣʮְĵ§Լ˺Ȼ˯
˫ãȻطʺš
εõ󣬸пСȴǿʮţ[Ϊʲôô˳£]
ҲˣѾǾܰ˶ˣǲжĶųһЩѡȥƸǱߣɽץҰζ
֪Լû취ˣִһЩֻ̨ȵȣǰԤҲһ˳£Գ̬ƽ͵ġ
ڵʵȾˡ
[ûȥæҲӦð]ʱЭͬĳԱ¹ˣ£ҲһЩȥæһЩġ
ǿҵӣû⣬˭ܱ֤ᷢأöȥĵطţǵȫġ
ȵ뷨УƸӶҪģˣ˵ӵĻһЩֺͻͼЩũչʾҲûмǮʲôģԲŻ֡
[ĲмȷϹӣȻȷʵһûˡ]ϵͳתųϢ[ǶЩҸǱֵ߳Ĳ񷿻ϾƫԺ﷢¹ʡ]
ЩطǮˣҲỨǮȥάЩԺӣЩҪĥˣͻ˰Щطס
[һЩǵʱĲ̤ԼܾĶɵġ]¹Ҳû취Ƶģֳ˲ٴ߰õʱҲ
[]Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôֻ̾ûʾֵЭͬỹǳ͢Ѿתˡ
ôھַûǹȥģټڻЭͬ˺Ѿһˮ࣬ȲҪֵĵط
ҡҲܵԼֻʲô⡣
죬նϵͳ˵[֮ǰ׼Ｚگóҿò]
ѾǵĵˣʵڷĵһڵĹǶѣҪдＺگԼʵ۵һͷ֮½ڡ
֡ôĹ٣˲Żн£͡ʮִ̼ĳ
һûڶҲûڵˣһ㶯ûС
ôԣ
һĻＺگ䰡Ϊʲôֱѡڣ
ʮţϵͳÿɨ跴ѶϢʾЩĳʲôûд
ƾʲô
ʵѹǻ
ԾӦȥ·ϳפȸеʮš
ԭȻ̣λǸڳϽʣģδͬλٵλŹ¡ԭ̸سȥء
ôʵȾúΪѣôзӵأ
һ߿ϵͳＺگ޶ţһ߶ϵͳŵٵ[ЩڶûңǲΪرŰֲԭ]
[ӦðͬλɱˣҲһɳضͬλͣҲû¹һǺİ]
[˵εͬλʱҲ˰ɣ]
ϵͳȻǸ˿϶ظ֮ǰЭͬ˵ĵ֮ǰͬλʱڵѶϢ[ʱЩ˵ͬλλ޵ʣдＺگҪ]
[ۣӦΪʲôûҡŶ]ͻȻͬλʱεĳѾϳڶͱȥ˴룬֮һߡ
ڻڳϵģᶼֻЩ˰ɡ
뵽ȶԼҪԭҲѵﶯҡ£ԭҲڳ͢ϣһҲûдͷԼ氡
ҲǸûõģ
ҡһȱʾ
ȻĳǲôҲֻԼһˡ
ųдＺگĻͿ͵ֱóдԼǸ˾С
һ㷽ʽ+1
ھֻԼˣϾǸְĻＺگ϶ǲܴġ
ϵͳдĻҪģ鷳
ȱԹ޸گ飬Ȼһշּȥˡ
շ֪ԼҪʲôʮ˳ӵ̿˿հʥּ׼»ʵĻ׫дʥּ
ʵʥּдӦɺȲں飬շҲ˲ں顣
ֻܿշںˡ
д֣շϾǾţȫдȥʮ޴ؿȣ£
ȵɫƽշ
շԸѵûӣǽ˵£֣кθϵοδжڡҪдＺگ
շ˵ʡ
οֺͱûйϵεշҲǱŴĹ͡
ǴЭͬĻշûнȥţ֪֮Գ⿪չǸƸᣬ϶ǱµĹڡ
Ǳ²޹йġ
۳ĻʵдＺگҲ٣һʮص飬ǱΪŻѪƾʲôҪд
շ˾֮У迴赫ŻѪȲûã˭ֹһϸĻ
շһ˵
շҧҧ촽Զ»ʱһԼ־»ٴζշҲûа취ܾġ
Ӧշͷȴǰˡ
޹ȻܸԼдⶫ϶ʲôԭģԭҸţ
շź⣬һһʰȵĻʮĵＺگ׫дɡ
˿շڵ鷨ˮƽʮֵ⣬˲٣Ⱦշд˵ڶʥּ
շдʥּѾЩˣֲܲľսһ˱ʣŷ֣һݵʮʥּ
ȻҲͬǺǷＺگйϵ
˼ǣ»ǻʵۣ֪Ҳ׷ԼɳӴֻͣǱ̶ֻȲԾʡةԭ̴Ϊܹжȥʡةְλǰƽؼ֪أ为񰲶⣬ݴʡةְ֮ǰƽ뵱֪ؽӡ
շʥּȫϤıζˡ
ѵΪ£ԱҪдＺگ
շ΢΢ۣԭּ
ʥּܿͰ䷢ȥ͢¶ΪǷＺگš
Ϊʲô»ʱҪдⶫ
Ȼ»ʱ·ǳڣ˻ѹեǸɻĳҲ»ǰһ£֮ǰǸ뻹˴¡
ʵھǵĹԱǣ»ʱ»ͦġ
ȻλΨһܺߣһ±ƽּҪ»ܹҪȥƽְԭ̳⡣
Ͼ»ʱ߳ȥôһˣ֮о󲿷λġ
»ʱ¶ҲǳΣǶµûҪȨ˼ƽҲѹǣʱʱҪȥĦ⡣
λʵ۱ֵ¸ɻʵĳȻæ黹ԱȽҲгɾ͸еģкܴһڶĪ»ϵ
ټǲټģ͸»һߡ
˵󲻴˵СҲСûʲôҲˣڳξŸֻ
ϾصֻоĴŴλãׯû˱Ƚϲҵ֮⣬ⶼܴ
٣ҲÿǴֵֺ⣬Ͼ֮ȥЩΪ˵Ŀû˷ѣиܵʬߡ
͢վģʽоˣû˭»Ҫ˵Ҫ»дＺگˣǰſ̳ʲôƽġ
˵ͳ⡣
ǰ֮û˭˵⣬»ʱ»ûãҵϵɾֻʣСˣû˭˵ʲô̼Ļ
ԣ׼ҪʲôֻԭһˣӦò»ʵθڰɣ
˵¾ǣΪ»ʵϵ»ȴǲ档
--------------------


78 
ĳֻʱܴݲȵĴ, ＺگʼΣ
Ĵα˲Ǳһѵ, Ǳ¿϶ԭԭһ˹¹µ·ġ
˼, ĳһޱŬޱڷܣȴšĶԳ͢ҪҶԳ͢ɻȱҪҰ
ⶼǶＺگӦ, ӦȻ, ڵ֪گ֮, ŭɶʥ
Ȼǲܾ, ϾҪȨʵ۷ʾԼʱ, Ȼܾܾ
һȹ, ƽҲ˫ͨؿȣһɱڵӣ£Щĳֶ˵ʲôˣΪ˴ε࣬Ǳ£Щǿ϶ԼűЩĳʲôʸñдگ
ǰŸհԼдżݸ򱱺, ޷һԼĿ֣Ȼ, ȫըˡ
̬ȣһҭǶΪĳ˵һ乫ģ, ޹ء˵þʶ˲ԾƬ̡
ղǾ仰ǲǶ͸¶ʲôѶϢ
ôûг¾ͺйϵˡ, ô֪ºйϵˣ
ȿֹ˺ڶ֤ʵ¾ģֺԼĬһ㡣
룬˼Щ˻Ȳκ顣⻰˵Ŀʮִʵˣôһ˵ڳĳ»֣˲ͱȸ˵ˡ
ЩΣȶûǹɱȱʵ
˵϶࣬಻йģм˵ģع̫Ҫ͢棬ֻгЩû˵ũҪôá
ϵͳû취ǵôߣеõѶϢҲֻÿɨʱֽϵģʱܶණᶼֽϣ˽Ĳûкܶࡣ
ԭҪȥ߽ĵһˮ͵ȥãҴͨ̽Ƕش̫ϸİٹĳǱߵķΧҲûϸȥ˽⡣
ŪЭͬǱºǹذŰյģҲȻشⷽȲԼЩũ˵ˣͷʳһ඼û£סĵط̫ġ
ЭͬŪƸ֮£ûʲô̫ʧЩũƸú񹤣⼴ĶҲ棬˴ε֮¶԰ǲûʲôӰ졣
ȻûʲôӰֻſ˵ģʵӰ϶вٵģֱֻҲɵ˵Щ
Ļľȫ֮ǰʼһ˵Ǿ仰Ǵ
Ⱥ֪ĸСӰƸйصˣ
ǻʲôҪȥҶǫ˵ԼҪ췴ˣȻ
ҧ
ڻΪˣ΢΢ۡ
Զʱһ飬ٴ¹ͷңδй˵о
˵ȻŵģʱͲûдô֪ƸºԼйϵģ
ȲˣҲˡ
ôʣŻش½Ϊرйְ̯Ƹ֮ԹδС
ȣ
ȣˣ˵ˡ
һĬĬ׼˦ҶǫϵĻԼȥ
ҲΪжϵ
ȾԼǳί
ϸ˿Ŀ⣬΢΢˿ġ
Էûʲôı䣬ֿԼ˾˵ǿʵ־ĵĿ⣬ԼЭͬһЩԱֶˡĿ⡣
ȻĿҲȫûб仯̶΢һ㣬ûбѾˡ
˵ĵǿһٵ͵.JPG
Ҫ֪ȵĵһֱǶԷ֪ºа֮ӣλۼʱΪħõݣηȻҲһȥ
ĺϤȥȨ˺ţͻȻ鰡
ⲻС۵ļǳ
˵׻һ̫ˣŻЩеûʲô·ģ
κ
ȰԼ·Ϸ񺰽š
Ŵ̮ҲҪؽ˴εҲв·ˮ𻵣˵ЩǽҲдѷ죬һֽ񹤣ԼؽԼݣ޽Щ̫ʡ
ҳפƽѵ֮Ҳûʲô飬Ҳǳ͢ǷãҲǽ׳жǸЩҲ⡣
֮ǰЭͬ˵Ǿ仰޺ϲҲǿҷ۽ǮеģڰѣæҲڰҲʱڣҲŰܿ಻ǣ
˵ǹûʣʵϾǼӹ飬԰ŸȥҪǲ飬˵ȥ̻ģҲһҪ԰ѹţʡ
ҲǸܲˢ¡
ڳϵѾˣϷֶǲײ񣬵˭Ϊµģͷи˳ӣġ
ˣȻǲּܿȻӦ
һΪ񰡣Լǰӣǿѣ˭ö˶˵ĻȥǰɳأбĻʵۣǸ¡
گѪȥæˣ򱱺ڣ򱱺Ҳš
֮򱱺ЦСӣ򱱺ͣ˵ȷʵǳСˡ
ֿҫͷְ㣬򱱺ôῴһûʲôĲɣĿ˽Է뷨ȿı黹Ҫ
Эͬġֳʱ򱱺֪Ǳˡ
ƵԣǱֵʵ̫ˣ··̫ġ
ֻǱģǱ²Լء򱱺Ƕȥ룬ʱʮ㣬¶Ƿǳΰ
򱱺мǸ㡮֪ܡģмһˣһڲ֪¾Ҳǰ١
ĵţ򱱺ϸذͱйϵѶϢٿһ顣
¾Ȼ֪ջе֮𣿡򱱺š
ﵱȻôдģдǵѡǸʱ򱱺һֱа˹עЭͬ飬в˱ЭͬĳԱ
⵹򱱺ⰲŵģЩ˱۵ľʿΪһЩȱ򱱺ھֹչˡȻЩ۾ʿǾͺȻıЭͬһЩȥ
ڳƸ£򱱺ʵ;Щæˡ
ֻ򱱺ȷʵǱȸŪȥˣΪҶǫʱſʼŪ򱱺ͺȻΪҶǫŵ顣
Ͼλ᳤뿪ЭͬмˣҪָȻҪܺ
ź򱱺ͺȻҶǫӦľǱ¡
ôһƸᣬʮҹвμӣҪЩ̸鶼ǲܵ飬϶֮ǰѾǰĹô̵ʱֻ飬ôŪ
ǰ飬ƺڴ
򱱺ֲܾǰ޺Ŀʯ֮¡
ʱҲ˵Ǳ¸ļطȥѰ
ʱлûôǼ򵥵ӰţۻĵȥˣûʲôֵôСֵġ
ôط·ֵĵطҳ˵ǽͷǱ׼ȼúҪĶҲ˵ʵ֪ѡĵطú𡭡
򱱺ͷ𵴡
۷·ص»ʵǻһϳʱ򣬱˵Ļ
֪֮ɣ׳


79 
򱱺µǻʱ, ׵ڵϿĵԴ˺ôԲ˺Щ, ĪǱʵڴʱ칵ͨ, õػ
ûķȥǣ򱱺ȴǸȥˡ
򱱺ľŷ֮·ΪѾھͷԡзϽⷽʮֵ, ־ᶨ, Ҳû취㹻Ĺѫõλ
Ǳ֮ӡ
򱱺˺ܶ, ոȷ˱ŪЭͬⶫ, ϶зǳİڵ
Ѿʮ򱱺ҲѾûʲôͼ, ҪȥҲǱ, Ҫһս޲ʤľر߽Ӵ˲š
ЭͬѶϢؿ򱱺ҪŪʱǸ뻮һôģôʱ򱱺ûжԴġ
ȷ֮Ӻ󣬸ƶʱЭͬᴴ֮ʲôżȻǾԿԸƳġ
ֻԼľԴ
򱱺Ļţ˼ˤϡ
ֻҲľԴ
ҪȻȥһ±£
򱱺ðͷ, ûеʼִУյ˴Ϣ, ¸ｫˣóפЭֺؽ
Ϣ򱱺һ£֮һʮ˷ܵͷ
ǡ
ҪʼǾӿʼ𣿣
򱱺Ǽĺ¡
ܱŪó͢Ҳ, ЭͬҲãڵķչͦġ
Эͬ᲻˵, ǵİ̩һĹܹЭͬᡣ
ڵĳ͢˵ʡͷĸҲûȵۣȵʱôֹڦǱС
Ǹʱ͢ĸڵ򱱺Լ˵򱱺еĹǣҲδǺõĻǻģǵĻЮš
֮ǰһֱͨӾͰԭ֮͢еĵ׽һ飬ܳǸϢжǣµĽ취ֱЧֱӰ͸ˤˣôȻɢˡ
ڳ͢ϵЩĳûбسȥЩ߳ҲƲϲ͢ʼЩңĿصҲȶת
ĳ˵ǶʮʹʱȥڻľǷòһ塣
ȻҲ˵ͷǳˣ⻹в٣Ѿ򱱺ʵʱˡ
ԭ̵ı򱱺ҲǱ³ͬ˼Ŀԭгͷµĵͷ֡ԭԸǲԸģеĺЩĳǺϰһͷģһֹԡ
Ǳ¾ͺֱһＺگֱӰ˺֮ǰĹԱһ˳ȥ
گȥĹٶʱͲʲôСһһɵŬɻ
ϾＺگһ³ָЩĹǱʾԼĲں
Ĺʵ۵Ĳǻʵ۵ǰԼ͢ûҾͲάת¡
֮ǰѾ֤˴۲˭ԼתһһһȺұһȺûʲôڡ
ǰ߱Ҳ֤ˣＺگûҪ󶼿㶪һдûаַܣ·ԼأѲҪѶϢݵ
ĳõġԱ˵һвûУڱֻаպģں
ĹǱһŪģǳװκһСԭϵĵתͷͻԼԴϡ
ԭҪ²ĵĻЭͬᣬֻЭͬǱҶǫڻˣµ˼ͿԴǱ߳
ڱҪĿǾ֮
򱱺Ъȥͱѯʵ˼ôʣ¸չʾ͸
οд߽󣬱߽ĽֻΪʵԳ͢˵ûʲô洦ǱھٰЩ鴫߽ȥ߽Ľʶµ󣬼Ҳᱻסκ֮ġ
ʵڶ˵֮󣬲ûжʲôҪֻԼǻȥġ
ΪΪŵĳӣȻҪѱ¶ÿһԸƾ
αפȥؽĹȻҲֻձ˼ȥǣ֮ǰȥͷŮʵҲֻǼŮѡ
Ϊûôǳԡ
ϴαʵԭ򣬲ΪԼԴѲߣµ԰޷ҲǴһЩӵԭ
֪ЭͬҲǱ·֮󣬶Աµ뷨Ȼ͸ˡ
ֻǱ˵ؾȻþ˳һɻ֪ѰʿǾʲôġ
Ϊڱĺӣ϶Ҳġ
ЩܹܵסһȷʵĹãһҲЭͬǰ۸ǳԱˣȥȥ£ЩǶסˡ
˶ϲЭģˣȻͻˡ
Ѳߵʿǿ֮󣬺Ȼˡ
Щµķ»пܱҲǮȥɷһģЩͨûôõ£Эͬǵǽǰǵ״Ǻܴܻᱻġ
ⶫȥֻһҲǿ⣬һȾˣҲҪļһ
۸õȲԼܵĸЩȻǲȥЩ۸˵顣
ΪھǶĿȾΪ£ڱڳӪͷפ˵ǵϢũǻҪʲôЭͬǶδػ֪
ͷǺˡ˼ͽٷҲûʲô
ʵЩԼ֪ͽٷҲȷʵûʲôѰʱЩʿǶǱھӪ֮УĻᡣ
ڰձµҪҪЩ˷ųȥǺͰǽӴǲɱ顣ûȥЭͬı£Ը⿴ʿ۸յĳ
ЩʿǶ԰ʲôЭͬ̾ھ֯ڣԼ¡
ʱЩϢ¶֮СʱԼǰһڣҲʶˣǱ¶Ŀ顣
ִƾĿ飡
԰ǰѡͺȷˣڰʿǷųȥ֮ǰҪѹȸЩ
жЧȻǺܿģԼӦҪʲô֮󣬵ڶפϢ˿ڿԳӪȥˣ
֮ǰҪֳݵʱдפͷһ˽¹ܿ಻۲۰ɣٲھӪˣʱЩ˳ȥֻžӪ˿ɴ˺ܾá
ºֻܶһЩĵ飬Ҳطȥ˵Ҳܰ
߽פʱҪ̣ȽΣգھǵפ˵Ǿ˯˯˳ԣʱʱѵ˵ûʲôΣգĵϡ
ǳȥ۵飬ЩפҲͦ˵ģҳ˻룬ǼǾǿס
ձµּ⣬׼ǳȥЭؽ֮£Ƿ۵ģǷ۵ģһΪҪ£п֮£浱ն⣡
Ͳ˳ô˻ӱģжм¼ݣ࿼ǿǼˣ
⣬衯նҲƻնЩµʱǿǿԼ⳥ģ
ҲˣҲܵ.ϷСӣǱˣҪж٣
ͷӪƫǶ±߾ۼʿǴţҪúֱ׵ĻﴫȥҶչʾ˽һļ顣
ھӪͷ˺üʿǲҶƫǴͷľʱӿһʿںߵսǽͷӶ
Щȥɻĺû˼ٷ£ǺϰˣЩҲǰյʿǣҲϰˡ
ڲЩ֮Ȼٲ
ȻЩפҲﱧԹţ廹ǺܹԾʼʰʮʵϵĶ˷ܣŲЩشӾӪ˳ȥ


80 
, ȻϵͳĸǷΧûеҪؽĵطȥЭͬȷʵ֪ٳЩפȥ·
֪פǳ, Ȼ־, ȻȻǾܸǻشЭͬˡ
ǴƸȷʵǰ÷ǳֻҪǴƸũǣȻȻؾһЭͬǻƶյӡ
ȻܶũûмЭͬᣬһЩϢǾЭͬǱߡ
ϵͳǱ֪פľͺͷһ, ϸȷݺ, Ƿ˲, ڷ⽨, ϶Ƕ첻֪һ֧
־ӦøӽҾݼҾġ
ҲСľͣϾԹ, һʵ, һŷɥǿ
ķչȸеһʹȵжδĴȨһ֧飬Ļλ˸оǳĲȡ

ԹҲֻҾݼҾƵľֻͣɺݼ̹մľӰˣҲֻλսӰ죬ֻǱȽ
Ͳʲôص, ȿ
Ϣò, ʵ𣿡صעĵطΪҲӻʹЭͬߡ
ȻҲһԭҶǫһֱдŸ, ԸԼ
ʵҶǫﶼЩ֣ǵΪԼԭ, ֪ƸĻ֡
ԵԼͼֹϢʱ򣬶Ҷǫ̵һǳû塣
ЧȿⶼǴΪĹףûáҶǫʹ޹ǹʿ
ںȻҶǫںߡ
Ҷǫƺ˲СӰǳʲôʱֱӳ뿪Ҳˡ
ҶǫȻʱ˵ǸԣôˣʱĴô˳뿪˵ġ
ǿˣԵԷûôףȳһֲӦԼĶЭͬ
ȵҶǫֱӵ˵һʼûġ˵ţҶǫʹԼĹ.һ飬ݸȡ
ûзϵͳǰѾҶǫݹɨ贫ȣд˲ЩʿǴӾӪΥҼ͵飬𻵰ղġ·ٵģ˵¼Ҳм
νӴʲôУפΪƽľ͸ˡ
ǱѹҲѱɡˡ
ӵľȻ֪ģЩı˵ֻҪ˷ֲͿˣЩЩʿļ춼ΪͶԷϵã߶ԷĶҲһݶһֻ۱һֻۡ
ȵʱϵͳʾʱ򣬶ʵüͷʼ˼ǲЩĵפǸ¹ػȥ
γҲҪҶǫ˽⵽ϸϾЩϵļش඼¼һЩйἰ
£ҪռȸԼҵؽȥ׳ȥȥŪЩ·ģĸ溢ͯδ㹻Ŀʰ졣
ҪۺϿפȥ۹׵ġ
ȵı飬Ҷǫ֪֪֮ʲôݣҲûбʾȲֻǿüͷŵ㰲ο˼˵ЩȫץŰǺЩפǵ棬Щ˶Υˣ֮ûٷƵˡ
ʵչҲЭͬһӡ
ЩפУǻֱ۸Ҳ޴źĴڣǺܷȫǸȥͷǹ䣬ҼЩңҲδҵ·ӡ
ʵҲȷʵˣЩҲ֪Ӧȥפͷ˭ȥ£ȥѰ˾ǱȥҲǱפķ룬ǹܲǱȥ
֮ǰ˵ģЭ֮ͬǰǸƸһµ·ӡ
ЩܱǰƸ֮У񹤵ˣڶĿȾ֮£ȻȻ֪۸ǿԷЭͬġ
͵Ҷǫߡ
ҶǫЩҲǶʡͷȽϤפڲʲôҲȫ˽ģⲻҪ
ǿԲ˽⣬ֱӰԼյѶϢݸλĿǰָԱҲǶĿǰפ͵ȥͿˡ
ҲӲѣΪʱʱҲЭͬ߿
û취˭Ǽұûú¡
涼ǿѲӣȻÿγ˱µЭͬſڣЩפصǿ㱨Ǳ֮⣬ʱȫûץκαµ١
ȻĻҲûʳſЩǿ³͸
ҪԼԴ˵Ļ
ԭǴҶǫ֮󣬾Ϳ԰ѰЭͬſڵţȫҳԼʱʱƣߵʲô©
ΪҶǫǸЩʱ򣬺ɾܵݽС
ֻŰЩӪﵱЩʿЩնʾڣڸؽĵطŰһΧ۴⻹Ҷǫġ
ҶǫʱЩǲһЩҲﲻʲôġ
֪ŭҪնЩ˺Ҷǫʾ󣬰Ҳ֪ǷЧģٷĻǷģЩ۸ҲǹԮĺ󣬱ڱԼί
Ǻ͵ھſڣЩһĵ
Ǻǿġ
֮ЩʿľͲֻЩļǣܿõİǣļල֮£˲ԸľͣҲ᲻òȥء
ǫ˵פȥؽ£Ǻûǲã뵽ЩصͷԼίǣǺȷʵ
ȻһΣҲͬѡ񣬲ǳڰǶǻǴⷽ棬ȻҪ⡣
Ⱦ֪Լ˸ɵ⡣
ֱӶ˵פȥؽ·źͳǽǱµּ⣬ҶǫΪµĴߣȻǲ˵ʲôá
Ҷǫ˿ȣûٶȱôʽĻʵ۱£һ󣬰ذȴ¥һ·ɻĿ֮еЭͬĻ
ǫڻͷ˿ˣ¶ȡ
Ҫ˽һ³ҾͺҶǫͷ˼Ҫ˵£͸ãȸĿڻͷ״
֪ЭͬиҵģǸԱǷԩõģֻʱѾ̫ˣϾЭͬԱûôǵӡѾ⼸µʱġ
ͷȴ˲ˣЩתͷȺҶǫǺԵİȻǲ֪˭ġ
ҲˣǱȽ·ߵģ˻ǲ̫ģҶǫֻҪǳЭͬĳԱǶ֪ʲôģģԷҶǫİǼȽֵ£ԷڵƤԼϴֲڵϼ룬ҲһԱ
΢ȺܿͷӦЩҪӳˣʶԳũ
ЩؿͻȻˣֺԼûʲôϵ֮󣬾ͰĿ˻ȥŽӴǵ
ţܿͷ˲Ծ
ΪԼӦЩũǣЩƦӱն֮ܵ˹裬ҪЭͬᷴԩʵԩڷԩֻԩʮֳȫǷġ
ɾ˵ĶİҼҴҲȥξģôھôĥ˵İӿɿȥ˭ϵþܳ԰׷þֻܶţˮôôΣգԣڱȥ
ҼˣǸүǰﰳץģô˵͵Ҽأɾﰳȥ˵˵ǿǻɱͷ¡
ڻţҲһЩìܵģ·ʱҲ˵ظһ˵ġԩҪЭͬľȻǰԼԩЩפͷʿǺŵġ
еԷģеĹԩ߿ǰǱʿǰˣΪġ
֮о󲿷ֵˣΪ˶
ǻȺ¸ĿЩؾҲãҲãǺռģҲǺռŶġҶǫȶ˵
ҲһֱЭͬͷģٵĿҲҪűطԭ
ֻǺܶҲֻǸƽˣܶʱΪҲֻΪҲɶѣ߲ͻ᲻ȺΪ߻ܵ˺ȵȵԭ
ԶҪס
ԹȥƶڵĵطҲкܶΥҼ͵鲻š
һֱطؾж֮£һƬ
ûйƵ±ȻĽ
Ҷǫ˵ЭͬǸôҲ۸ĵطҲǸѡ˻ĵط
žĬԵȣϵͳԺ֮ò̫˵
[˿һͨȴĪܹ໥Ⲣ]
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81 
ϵͳ˵, ûȶĻӦ任˸ɻ߶Ȼ[]
[ţ], ˵˼ϵͳ
[ʲôأ]ϵͳֱӵʵ, ϵͳõıϵıӦǺ͸жһûʲôϵ
[Ҳûʲô]˵˶ٺ󣬲ż˵[˼ҶǫһӰж]
ЩЩ, Ҳ, ĵĸдûϵͳҶǫĴ, Ͼ, ϰΪģȻе, жҲе, ж𺳡
һ
˵ֵùעģȻⲢǳϵָҶǫ֮ǰѡĲǶȥλʵۣǱʵ㣬Ҷǫѡ
ҶǫԻʵŬǰʵˢøжġ
ʵЩ΢ˡ
ҲǣԻʵû, ˵Ҳ˵ԼҪ췴
췴ɣǶԻȨûκξη, ǶڵĻʵͷ뷨йƵͷŻᳶ
ȵǺԼҶǫеǸʲôݺˡ
뵹ҲûֱҶǫ, Ͼо֮󣬷ԼҲܿҪҶǫһԼݵĴ𰸡
Ȳϲƭ, ȡᣬȻŬѹԼӿĺġ
ھ⣬ȻæؽʱһݱǱߴ˹һβǱߵ£󽫾͹ġ
ǻĵ֣ŶĵǱߵҲѩ֮ս㹻ˣȻĲûдӴ㹻ʳڵʳô׳ҲѾ㹻Ƕɹ죬ڲҡ
ǱҲʧ˲ٽʿ˫ԱԼսߵһսȷʵǿԳƵǽݱ
ÿĹˣŽݱĻһЩĽʿĸԼ޷ھְĽ찲ٵȵ
ȴϵͳǱ˽⵽սÿ궼УȻҲйʧһЩǳص֣ʱҪ߶⸶һЩȥЭ⳥Ȼ黹ǳˡ
Ҳٹ±ͶǱҲƵսΪ뱱ߵĲ߲ǸͺһЩ˵Ϻ£սЩ˱ȽһЩ캮ضʱҲŵսҪǱһ¡
Ȼǳ̬ˣҲûⷽעֻڶʿǵĸһݡֱϵһԼʮڸ˰
˰ȷʵеˣԼþЩҺ̻ɵķҲ½½ȫˣڹǰδеĳӯ
εֺؽҲĵһʽ𣬵⻹ǱҪܶࡣ
ȾԼЩģþפȥ͹ǵĻҲʡ˲ٳ͢͹֧
ΪôʡǮ
ȻҪһĿ֧
һǮ᲻õģҶǫʮľϲȵòֵСšǮҪӦûĵطȵǿ֢ڡ
ұ߽ĽʿǺҲûʲôϵ϶ͶһǮùӿһЩûʲô⡣
ĳյԱµѶϢ֮һ鶼̫á
۱´һӣȥʿ֧
Ͼ߽ǶⶼǷ̬ףÿȥֱϵ˰ĴۣҲûйȥЩʵ۰޽໪й¥̨̳ʲôģѵĽǮ۶ࡣ
ĳǱ鲻̫ãǱ˫佫Ǳ߶չˡ
ײ£Ա²ЩĳȫѾͷΪ˰ڳоְĺܶԱûвŶԱ¿Ȱɵˡ
ȻΪ֮д˻ʸ
°Ҳҳ
ֻ佫Ǳ߰
ʮӵĳǱߵĺΣ췴ʮ겻ɣ˽裬ʮ¾ܸһ͡
ЭͬǱߵɣٿҲǶ˵ŮǿҪŪһͷˣ
ȾĿǰ͢ϵĳĸոպãĳǵȥؿټ߿ƾǴ¡
佫ߣȻֵµôȲ׼ĻᣬԼ佫߸ֲȥ֮󣬲Ÿп췴ȻȥŬ佫ߡ
ڱ߾佫˳㣬˵ʵ̫ˣȫԹƫġ
עűһһ򱱺ּ£ƶ˶ԷҪʼ佫ϵͳ¡
פǲ뽨£򱱺ȻϸоˣԳ˳ǵֳǱȥûиܵʲôпפںͳİǵĹϵƺúܲЩʿСǣͳũС￴˺ü
֮⡭Ҳûʲôˡ
µּǽǰʿηս̬ŻȥȻõģˣ˰ۣԼĸӿ԰ڼõĸҪͷϣҲ
⻹򱱺Ҫ֪Ĵ𰸡
Ҫһڿڳԣ·ҪһߣȻѾʼжˣ򱱺ͷҲûʲôżģڻأϡ֮ڿҲûʲô⡣
ЧһǺѸ٣򱱺Լ϶֮ǰʢһ졣
˼֮򱱺һֱƽͣڲ󽫾ݹʱ̬ҲǺƽ͵ġ
ȻͱǱսˡ
ɴ۵꿤֮ȻǱ˺üθķս£ֻǶ˵ǶˣѹСģ͸ɡ
ʮֿЦǣЩսȻ㿪ﶼУһطҲֻмʮˣϰٺˣһЩֲ粻ܿҵĴܶļһǱܱ˵ӦͬǴطİǱ鶼ʮĮľ
֪֮У뵽˸֮ѵķǵȺڶǵĳ⣬ڴǲڵģںЩ˶ܻӭǵĵ
һЩա˵ūɡ
ץ˸ԵĴ󣬾Ŭѧ˵ԣѾ˽һЩʱˡ
Щūʱ򣬿ЦųȥЩֿ񻶵ߵ˿˶ͷ
£ܿ꿤ַ伣ˣǺİ֮󣬾͸ˡ
˫ڼͬѼ໥Ȼ֮ߵū֪ԭط۳ռֵ֮ʳǿԼԵģֻҪϽһͿԣЩŻĴүǣҲǻ赶ǹκβλȡ֡
ûūģ˵ʿũ̵ĽײҲˣС̲ϴ֣˶ԷҲģǿܵͷġ
´Ǳߵİ˵үǶ֮ܵĻЩū˵ܹЩǡԹ˵ǲԵģѾǷǳˡ
Ǹʱں꿤ѾȫȥκѹĹˣЩɹΪЩԭūǾͻ۰Щɹ˺÷飬κζ鶼ҪдĹƬϸ
Ǹսȼ͵湥ǳصʱȫ¡
ǵĴʿ涼ҪԼʱıܴܲ´ǳء
꿤İ߾ͲҪôཫʿ꿤ˣ꿤صҪѹתչⷽˡ
ԭǱߵĽʿ»ȥǰߣսĵս֮Уֻ±ȽϷƽ˾϶ǱߵĽʿά꿤


82 
һϼԼ, ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ, ϾЩҪĴ, ôҲһң˭Ҳ׼ԷʵǸĳ˸ıҲǾܳġ
Ͼʱ˭Ҳû뵽ܲ˵úͶһһˡ
ĵսٳٶ, Щ˻ȥȻҲһӦ¡
ûиŻȥ, ְ, ҲֻЩʱϹ, Ŵ꿤ּģ꿤ص, Ҳܸˡ
ϵ׼ĸ, ·ͱЩʿǣףƽ
ǻȥҪĵģ϶ˣ֪϶ʹһ
˫ĸ˱̤꿤ڵĿڣű߾صӪկн
ȻڿҪٽ꿤߾ش, ֧ͷ˿ԶŰɫɽ壬ͻȻðһ뷨
꿤Ǵ, Ƕ꿤ѾЩϤˣ˷ڵϻ󣬺ĳߵ˾һ, ˵ǿѩȥǲֱӳ嵽ȺĻ쵰ĺ󷽹ȥ
ΪΪԼ̸ֻֽ, ܶʱһܵĸҪҪ̽ӴĵôģǱؾ֮࣬ԼĽһȻýʿǷһû©
Ҳ˵Ĳͷܶ˶Եȥ̣Ҳǻȥ˼ΪʲôҪôġ
սϷǵһҪּʱ֮ҲĬǾսʼ֮ǰпձ˳Ц쿪ʲôĶûйϵϹٵ£ǵõɵĻܶõһʼνǮ
ʱҲһҵĿҲȷǾǺĴ󲿶ӻϣĸ
ص㵱ȻǸĸˡ
¹ǲǴܲˣΪ˴۱֪֮ͷˮֳ㣬Щʿ̬ǲɱ˵ġ
֮вж֮еõ˷ͣʿڸߵͶ˸鳤Сλ
ȻȫûĿͷ鳤
ô֮Щ˿ԼͷҲûʲôηĸоڿʲôóú;һģ
Ϲ˵ѩôôùȥⲻöǡĶԷ˾һ͹ϸˡ
Ѿ˵ǵˣ꿤ò̫ܸо䣬ѩɽǱֻҪ̧ͷܿѾֵİѩܹȥĵط
ΪʲôУλ뷨ʿ˶Լ»ѣԼϱŵİⲻǶ·±𣿰ȥǾ͹űȥѩɽѣǴ·سǽѩģˣ⻹ů͵ıӣһѩɽܹȥ
꿤ôʱ䣬ЩȻǷ޻öˣƽôڴһֱǸ⡣
ͷĲϵԭֻ֣ǲϳµ˿ֲֲһ֣ܱůͣ嵽˶ĶǸƤƳɵ·ƶѡøë䱻죬Ȼһ˱ű˴ȡů϶
˸ЩʿǵҲ϶ǶõĶÿȥûв˵ʿ
֪ҲԹ꿤ߵ޻ЩʿһΪιȥȻÿ˱һҪȥá
˾֮ԼŵҲúܶԣٿʿڵԵͿѻͲһˣԽԽÿԺܸߡ
Щ̵ܶ˵ǳ׼ĺ·ǳ֮󣬻ʲô
־ǰҫţ
˾˵ҸϷ˵˵Ϸͬˣվһô
Ϸ㱨Ϸ壬һȥܿ͵λعӵλԶ֮С
ȻλѾƷԶˣҲˮǴߵһѾƷˡ
λ֮Ҳÿȷʵͦġ
Ʒ֮󣬶Է佫֮ѾкܴľȨˣҲǽܣֱ
еľŶӽһ֮˾顪ѩɽֱȡľӵĺ󷽡
ұ붯Ҫ죬һЩ붬ˣܿǱߵ˾ֱӳˣǵľɾͶûˣ
ȷսж֮Ҳ˸ᣬôҺһ佨顣
սõ˶ﲻ˵Ӧǲоջ󣬻ĳޡ
ԱϹѩɽļһ˶ԽϲЬķӣҲôʵİӰϲӰж˻ֱʱԽѩɽС
ǰǵȥץЩߵ֪ģûңЩ˿ܣǼһţûץˣԲŻвʡ
ǸСʵҲ͵ͷƣ˽͵õġ˶ĸ׷޼޵ģС֮Ӳ˳
СôʺоܶطҲֻһ˿߶ΣգôƥȥǸ⡣
ֻҪ룬ⶼܹģҪ߸ߵѩɽӰмͿԴȥԼʱҲûôẮ׺ʹ֮һʿ˺ܶڡϡ·ľĳˡ
Ǳյ洫ݹ׼ǲʿǻطű
Ҫ֪ҲͶʮľӣ˵Ǹս˺üµעǿļˡ
ȻĴ󽫾ȰȰ˺Щǵȵ˴꿤Ǳ߻طı
ʮˡ
Щ˶Ϊԭ򣬲ܸСģԲűǲϢ
Ӻ͵ϮҲֻһΣܳɹʧǳ֮󣬻Ҫͷ˴򿪷ǻȥ
ûǰѶһǱ߰Լˣǿɾ군ˡ
󽫾ԻԮ֧ӵսƻʱĿɿڴⶨԶǷˣ붬þӹѩɽַܸ
¼жսļʹΪ֮һ𻩱䡣
Ȼ󽫾˸Ӳ˼ݣҪѩɽͻϮĺ󷽵ľ黹ģǵ鳤˵ġ
֧ײ㶼鳤ڴ󽫾кײ۵ʿǲûʲô
ײһ·ݵ߼ҵõͬ⣬Ѿδŵˡ
֮ѯ֧ӵһ۹ѩɽѲһ󽫾ԼͷβȫһħõĹ¡
ʮʼЩһǲĵϸ
ЩȷʵڴӾĲҵˣѰҲȷʵǱɣʮŵ޻ӣҲů͵ط·ܸ˹ѩɽϣ
Ǳ߿û⡣
ȷϺ󣬴󽫾Ҳֻôħõʵģֻܴһ鲻̫ÿظȥǰߣʱӭ׼
󽫾Ұ·Ըǵ˺Ĺᣬ֧¾ȫҪ군
ʧôˣΪߵľ¹ߣ󽫾ҪܴΣ˱ְҲвСܡ
ֻбףбҲ
󽫾û֧ϮľжսϾжڴԶѩɽ֮󣬻жٵս־ȥײеĵˡ
ֻҪЩ˳ĺ󷽲ңڴ󽫾˵ĺôˡ
˺Ǳߵ˿϶ɹٴγֺ͵Ϯ£϶˧϶ѡֹͣս»ȥģ˳õսҲƽϢˡ
󽫾˼ǰߵһ죬죬ڼӭĶǷߵĽȵ󽫾ڵǲӳʲôʱ󣬴󽫾ĶǷ߷֪ٲʱ˶ԷӪȼĹŨ̡
˺ܶĴ󽫾ǳЦôʱϢȥĲӼӭӵ׼
󽫾ǽˣѾĿˣ˵
Щ͵Ϯ˺ǱӵʿǣϤľˣĴǺηԼеĸֵ
ȫûκ׼Ԥʿܶ϶ûõͱɱ¾ĲֻǰսĶӿȥ
ЩӺֱӳɢǰװЩӵͣĵļŭն˺ܶҲûֹЩǶ͵ĳˢΪľٶߵʿǷݣһֻɼֱŶȥ
󽫾վڸ߸ߵĳ¥ϿǳӿԼںһɢһ£Ĵ۾ӡ
ʮ˳һͣǴʮ˵ļƣЩǱĽһ֧ܶԿĶ飬Ҳ֮û
ʲôͣ󽫾ϸʮ˵ͣȷԼȥûм
󽫾ѶǶʮˣȻǿ֮Ҳ׷ҡͷʾԼҲûмҺȻ˵϶ǴϢʱ۳ģҶģ϶ǱߵĴ򷨺˽ġ
Ȼۣ󽫾ƿԣֻ濴Ǳߵͳ֮óеľӼᣬǶĵľӽмлӭǱߵĶع顣
ʬ壬д벢ǱնɱģǱɢĺ󷽲ӳ֮ͬĲ̤֮¡
ټǱ߸౻ʿԼ²һ͵ϮͼлǱ߾ӽı˺Ҳû֯ĽԸԸȻҪͣսѾǰ׫дݱˡ
ӳĺ󷽵Ҳǧ˵Լ븺˵Ĵۻعڡ
վʹǱ߲һģռ͵Ϯֻ֮ҪԷлЧ֯һ֧飬ǺǿĴڣܽЩѪǲɱġ
οһʼ͵Ϯ˳ʹƣȷʵܶ˶Щˡ
ڴ󽫾ǼΪˣ֮£֧ӻԼĵǰɢĵƺ󣬻˳¾£ֶԾӵָƿصȣǴ󽫾ԼΪܹ
̹ԴսУĽ֣֮֮˽ʿͬʳԲϯвˣ׹ӮʿͿ٣ԩԿɳԣ˽Ϊˣѹս˾ְǸߵ¡
򱱺󽫾żΪʲôսʿ˴ƿλ㱼俴Ĳ֧󽫾ޱȵĶ飬һЭͬᡣ
Эͬھġ
Эͬķôܣ
򱱺ţоӾӦ·ļƲнֹЩʿ
ʵ򱱺ȴеĿˡ
ΪʲôҪң
ֻҪʿǶͬԼ֮еһӣΪҪң
һֱ򱱺Ѱģʼʱͺֱ׵̯ǰֻȫܶѡ
򱱺޵еķھп
Ҳ
ܡ
򱱺Ǿ䡮ѹۡ
ĳ֮гƲһҲʲô֮ء
ֵѹͲҲڣŰƵ򱱺ԼҲ˵ִƾӵʱûвصġ
֮ܳĶ飬Ϊԭ佫ϵͷˣָӵĶֻһЩСǻûʲôʸ⣬ѹ¾淴账еĶŪ˳
жľӡ
ĳû̫ķҷؾʦҲз˼ǱΪҲʲô̫Σգ佫ĿԾꪣֱ復ǵġ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ۣʲôֺ£
-
ע֮Ϊ,ʿͬʳ,Բϯ,в,׹ӮʿͿࡣͨ
˼ǣ,µȵʿͬ³Է,˯ϯ,оҲ,ʿʳ,ʿǷֵࡣ
ξЩǴݼҾͷõģԧɱǧһʵС󷨸¡
֮ǰľҲҾݣ°ӡ˼ûΪ˼һȽ
ǵĶ鹹ɣҲкܶԹӢġ


83 
򱱺Դĵ, ڱҪ佫ߵ飬û֮ǰɺΡ
ڱפȥ·, ΪפǺͳѾЭͬũ໥, Ϊ׼
򱱺˵һѶš
ǻһǶȥ룬Ҳ˵˱֪ģͼ֮ǵſֱӼ򵥴ֱؽ, ʱ򱱺Ҫı⡣
򱱺˲ġ
򱱺ǲϣԼľӳΪ۵ĳ̬, ֪֧ǳĺ, ʲô֪󽫾ڸ򱱺, ̲סض򱱺ҫԼôһֻС
ӱǹҵֵµĶ, ȻǿԼȨ, ֻ󽫾ȻǲĻάֻһֻ飬о󽫾϶̬ȡ
һ֧ڹھʮģʽҪȫƹȴһΣյ飬򱱺û
ǱµĻӦǿİɡ
򱱺£ڱѾǻһ, Щ£һǰյǻʱ򱱺˵, 򱱺ҲЩǲ˼飬ɵġ
Ͼ¿֮ӣ
ŷ򱱺ȵݣ׷
֮еȴȫûκκ;йص, Ǹӵĸ󣬾ͳװǱߵԺˡ
Ȼǳ̬ʹû⣡ȶԴ˺ܼᶨ
Ǳߵפ, Ҳʮֵ⡣
Ǵɱ͵ȷʵôҶס۸ǻܵͷģ¼סĲǲ۸գЩĹٱҲסԩԷġ
Ϊפʿͨ¿϶ǲߵģЩµĲһЩСʿǺͷϵãҲæ·ţʹзɡ
ȥ۸գھӪЩȻҲû۸ͨʿЩ˱ǲо־壬ǻȥ룬⾩İտԼϵͷͷǲҲл᣿
ȵʱЭͬҿǸʵ̶ܴϾΪһʿǱ˼ɵġ
˰ˣҲ֮ͣ䲻ʿܽƻع۲Χ˭Ҫ˵İǾ͸ĨӾܾ
ʼеʲô뷨໥֮ϵǻһģοдӰڡ
ΧʿǶµʱûʲô뷨ʿҲ᲻Ϊ˺ȺһԭͬС
ս⣬⻻ģڳפԼԼ˵һ׵ĸоˡ
ȻĲЩԴԴϵԩ¼ǰæòɿ˷˺üפĽ죬εСҪ½̣ʱǲܸˡ
ھôһ֮󣬳ⱻôϴ˷פȻսкܴ㣬ȿνصҲͬڳפƿ
ȥｫִ˾нʿʵΪսϹ٣ǶԳפûжƿġ
ԺЩפλĸ
ⶫ˿ԽǿʵȨƾԽԽ󣬵ʵ׼ȣʮŵؾԼԷַӲǡ
ؿϵͳʾЩפϢð»صǸʵشѶϢǰ
꿤󣬽ͷǱûй̫ʱ䣬Ͱǰõĺٴο˳ȥ
Ϣûκ鴫иְҵ־㱨
ǰξ飬ѾܹжϳԼڴŵķλˣȰû־ٸ磬⺣Ҳ˳׼ȷĵ꿤Ǳͷ
κڵͣʱͱȽϾãڵش˿һ²Żķ
ⲻҪҪǴһ޻Լһƥƥ޲ЭͬǱǼѴʣܷŵĵطЩ޻Ʒȫˡ
ǽͷĳԱǲȱˣǵͬǻҪأǵȻԼúãͲܾͷСǵļһ
Ǳ˵ǻ˺ܶǧعǣĽ֮С
Ҳ졣
뿪ͷ֮ǰҶǫ׼Ū򶫿Эֲͬ飬Ϣܶ򶫿ǱߵںЩ˴һĶ
Щͬ϶٣Щ꿤ߣҲкȥġ
ټϱӾҲֻûҹЩھ֮м񹤵ĲǾɲøͷ׼ԽԽá
һõʾôٵش꿤Ǳ˹
Ҵصͷ֮󣬲˵˾ܱ߷˺ܴ顣
һϢʱ±Ƶġʲô
ܶɺҲ֪ȺҲ汲ͷһЩ飬칷ʳʲôģܶ˶ûоܶ汲ûоȻܶ˶ãȻ
ǵΪѧĹϵ֪һЩ֪Ҳиʷϼأ͸¡
Žͷߺ꿤ȫͬҺ磬Ϣﾩƺε֮е˺ܶ෿ݡ
ЭͬĳԱǶ˭֪ܲ붬ʱûжѰȻǿӱ޵İ⴬ϵ޻Ʒ˵߹
˭֪ԾǵҪԣʵ˼˯ʱ֮ⶼڸ·Է·ñûкڵǰߣһͷ·ʱ˾ǡ
Щ͹˵ﾩǺΪῴܶҵľ󣬽Ƽ˹ٵߴǹٱļһȻڡ·ţ
ΧˮˮæݶĵݶЩȥƼŵðȾܵĹٱ˵Ц˵Ż
ҵĳûţǰδŵħþǸˣԱǴŵʱԼŲƮŵġ
ЭͬûȥͷǱߵˣܵ޻ůҲһħüˡ
ЭͬͰŰ͹Щ޻ͲƥƳӣϢųȥЭͬԱһһӵ޶й
Щ޻ƷѵģϾⶫЭͬҲǸ˽Ǯ۲͵ޱǽͷǱߵһ·ӵĳԱҲǻ˽ǮģֻЭͬǼԳɱŪģȫû̸ʲô
ĶЭͬỹǼôҲظٴۣܹӵеġ
ĴһҲ֪ЭͬẰһһ޻ǸʲôһǮ˵󲻹˵ҲԳƲϱˣǵòɱҲʮǮ
ЭͬͷҲ֪ǻΪһԸǮĲܶ࣬ڶһ򿪣˳ӿﶼ˴Ǯİǡ
лһЩЭͬԱˣǮ
ǵȻ֪޻жã۸ܻôʵůѪ׬Щ˴ΪЭͬˣҪǮǾʹˡ
ȥЭͬýǮ˼˼ʱɴûжҪǮ
ͻȻſڣǾͺܺЭͬҪˣԻŵذʱ֮Ǯȫ˹
˽⵽޻ӵ˲֪Ӧʲôı飬ֻЩŶӰһһķ
ԭЭͬԤ֮УǵĵǳԱǿ£һ͵˼ȥ¡
δȱ޻ӵʱȻνģھôôˣһʿ϶ûа취˵Ծֻܽȥ㾡ܶ淽
ЩûǮ޻ӵģԤ̶֮Ҳ˵Էʵ֮ǷȰӸġ
ЭͬЩͳԱȫû뵽ʵʿ֮ѣôЩЭͬҪյ˶ǮЩȥ
ֻҪľͿˣ˭͵͵İ͵͵ȥӵģȫְͣ
ЭͬĲǿԿǹĿأΪʲôҪЭͬȱǮ˰
Ҫ˵Լʶ֣ЭͬһֱɨäİӶа죬ĶѧΪʲôشѾúѧˣҲѧ
ЭͬЩ˷ѾЩ˵˰죬ûȺִļһ˵滰ջͷ˰Ѳֿ׼õӲЩܵů͵ı죬ʶԭЭͬĲȱǮˡ
ЩΪ¶ԵƵʧЭͬæӵȫǿЦãǺЩ˵Ժѿ϶֮ĻǰԼǮ´˻ȥ
׼õ֮Эͬ׼֮󣬻ǷʵǮӦǮһǧġ
Ҫ֪˵ӦҪӦĽǮǣΪЩ˴ĻܹҲûǮЭͬӲ˰ûϢǷӴߡ
Ҳ٣ܶôǮ˳Эͬ˲ע⣬͵͵տͶǮˡ
Եľǻеӣ
һֱͭǮģоûչһӣ
Щģ
Ȼ»¹ҲڻʹﲻԸԵ飬ԸԵΪʲôһҺ˴ôĲƥ
ûмӹ޻Ǻܺģȥǻ᳤ϴδ۵ĺ֮˽⵽ЭͬҪЩǾͿʼʶռ
ȻֵǮҲǸ롣
ϾūеĶ˵ģԿҲûκġ
ɼ޻Щˣ˵ҲĸԼ㶫ʱҲԸͷ߸
ǲƥⶫûеġ
֮ǰյѶϢƴֲǰֻײūᴩūûʲͲܸ˴ôڴǲڴĲƥ
ֲūб֯ʹõģҲҪ٣
õĶҲûҪ׼ʲô
ԵһκЭͬģֻӺ޻û޲ⶫͷǱߵ˻޲¶Լ֯Ƶġ
һΡкܶ޲
꿤Ǳ߸վսңӦ̻ںϵĹص񲻹Ǵ۹ȥĻ걾صˣ˼ȥ֯ƥ
Щ޲ôء
ȱʹؿϵͳʾЭͬݡ
ЭͬЩһǣӦϰѴĳ꿤Ǳ߸ˣ
û˼֯ûйϵһ⣡
Ȼ۵Ż汾֯Ҳû£ЭͬûٿеݣĽʲôѲЩЭͬĳԱǡ
κ֮ԻڵͣôãΪڵȴŲƥ
꿤ͷʱЭͬǱ߸ŹԱ꿤̻ĸҲûطãû˿޻Ķ·
ֹȥ֯Щ˿ɵȲ˭ûھǸ죿ⲻøϽ·ôҹ
˼һ˴Ǵ˹ĵţѴĳЩ˳ԣطҪǰĳ˾͵ʱô޻ȸ̸Ժ¡
Ժʧȥ͹ҵ⣬ЩУȻûи·֮󣬲ᱻҪ
ȻȡģŴ۵İҲһͬһ㡣
ⲼƥЭͬҪЩ洬ҲܸȤҲ˺ܴ׼ڽ򶫿κ˲һôʱŷ̡
˵ĳʺھŪΪڸЩɺܶ͹ʧҵ꿤Ǳ߲һ꿤֮ǰңص˼ǶԴĳҲе￹顣
ο˻ȫû֪ߵġɵӡǮǲҪ޻һĵòˣپЭͬǱ߸ķ֯вūֱӽ⹤õ˶Ľѵĳ͡
꿤ǱӦĺܺãط֪֮걾ˣԼѧĿĿİͰʹ۹ٻǱ߹ԱʣΪʲôŪʲôġ
ЩáţȫʵūǷ·һҹ䣬ǰδе
--------------------


84 
˵, ĳͷ֯ŪʣôҲû꿤ǷḻʳԴ۵ġ˺ô
˵, ʳһ, ĳԼŬֹѹŲóֵ⻹׿꿤ؿ
سˡ
ڶɣԼûиͷǱͼֽǱҲͶЩ˼, ໨ʱ, Ǹǻǰĳ
ġ
Эͬ, ĿǰֻȨܸοȵ顣
꿤ĲԴ۴Ӱ첢ֻʳ޻
кĶڹȥ, פũǵŬ֮£µͷ½, ΧҲȫɢȥ, ·ũǸŲֵĳһֱŬʱԭ֮УӾлǰƽ
һαغ֮ǰβͬԭûʲôͬеĻ顣
Ͼǰ֮ԭ֮гʵڿңûи»ʷĻᡣ
Ȼ˵ǵԭ򲢲Ϊʵڿҡ
˵ԭҲԼʼնûʲô, ˵һʡةûʲôʸȥ·ʡ, ⲻӦЩӦ𡭡
û˸ҶԱ˵ʲôԭҲңֻڻھǵʱŬ, ȥŬԼԭҲûеõµĿ, 
ƽڴ۵ϲԭǴϵķλ꿤Ǹµ֮ͷѾժˡҲһζԭһ·ҲҪԽ۳ء
ܻһЩҾԭʵ׼ġ
ֻеһĳǶǳ׼֮ΪЩĳдʫдΪЩʫʸ踳ȻǺ׾ڴȦ֮οЩлΧͬͬдţȻҲûٸͷдšͷʵжңЩʳ˼̻ҹԱǣҲˡ
һĴΪڶĳȥѾ˺ܶ׼Һܶصİ취룬Ҳ˵һе֮ȷ˿ԣҪʲô·ܺܺõĽظ
ԭΪ¹µĵù·ЩȥͬŻ˵ǰ֮Ȼû˵Ǹ֮һĦĦ
ϾϵûʵʿС
ʲôʱ򵽴ƽǱԭ̵ǲ̫ż¸Ǹ֪ѾˣʱҲżȥְԼ΢һЩҲʲô¡
ǱɶԱÿζܵȱ²֪ȱҲ֪Ｔпȱ£еޱȵսľ
ǲ΢ôһԭͷԭ̱˶δ˽΢ĳֱ仯ԭ̾ôͻȻҺ汻ȥǵġ
¼δֹ£ȴ·κγ¶ûܹÓµ۾ںܶ೯ǸϷģԽϷ֮еı£Ǳµʵдգһ㶼ûпš
һͬĿǰظںԭ̷ľûԼ֮ĳѣڵﲥֵũ˵ʮݣȴҲһɾı¡
·ҲûʲôµżҲһЩȮ͡
Դ˽˵úܺðԭȻõһȥĴѣôԭ·ظû̫ĵط϶λͬŵĹ͡
֪ȴûоӹǶԭ˵ȥʱڹɲ
Ǹ֤Դзԭ̺ЦŲԼޡ
֪ҡҡͷˣ˲֮Ƕ꿤ȥˣѧǼλĹǰЩӲŴŪЩ֣ظǱҪһЩá
ͷϢҲûôЩ˴ߵֻ·ϵظͷ֪ԶһЩȻǲ֪£ڵ֮ʱʱ塣
طɶͷˣ֪ؽùظʾҪ֮һİЩǸù
ԭҲ֪ϾЩԱĴҪ£ͶߵǣҲԭ˺ܶ๤
ǵĳ͢͵طһֲĹϵһŵ꿤ĹԱھǹԱлԼ˵ķ룬ֻЩعԱһ㰲ͿζӦ
Ҳֻоϵ˼˼ҪʵʵĲûеġ
ǲ֮󾩶Ǿ͵ˣʵȻҪȽԼð
֮ǱҲյǱߴѶϢפӪΪдѹʵ̫Цνʡ֮йΪ꿤Աһ·ȥ飬ھǹԱͷҲ˲֪˲Ĺ¡
ۼӰ죬ԭǰºЦ˿
Ҳϣ꿤ǿػһڲ֪꿤Ǳʳ޲ƥʱЩ⽨˼ʶǵط鷳ʵǱġ
Ȼ֪Ǳʳ޻Ҫԡͷĺһ޻þƽնһһ˳˶еĹԱȻҲǸűӢǳ֪Ƽ֮Ļ
ûʳ޻ĺôԭУǾطǻģ³佫׷ѫ֮Դûκ洦
ˡ
طҲܶ𣿡ԭ̶֪ʵ
ȥ꿤ʮֻһ·ȥظѣôظԭ˾أ֪طʵ
ԭ΢㣬˲ͱӴ𺳵ˡ
ͳΪԭб֮Ҫĳ̶ȡ
˭Ļ⣬˲Ϳڴ۸سĴ
Ҫ֪ǱжʮľΪÿ궼ҪȥԸģͬҲһͱ߽٣΢ֻ֮ʮҲҪڱ߾
ڲֻѹЩСģ췴
ĲСģ񣬶ǰ֮أ
ֻйҲûоܹκѵƾͿ԰Ѷû
ԭ΢һ;õ
ʱԭʶȥĳȻҲʶλ֪زŻԭ̷ķʡ
֮ôŬأҲҪջصǣеط⾩֮ʢ̫ƽ֮£ӿܰдٹûİ
ȻûзĿֲЩҲȫȥ˼ô¡
ĳ׷ҲǴͬ磬ǱҲϣûֻܳԲݸƤֻ֣Ϊ壬ҲȥҪЩǰȥ沢أøЩա
˿ûнƵӣǴ۵ȫƽ䣬ҲǲԽԽ˵ġ
ȻԭﲢûдôķȥǣֻǴʶ²̸ܹ۵ؽǲ췴ȫȥڴ˵һǳ顣
ıǱۿɼĲʺ棬ҪȻǱߵҲÿ＾Ǵ߽ӡ
ϱߡ
ԭȳΪϱȶʲôģҲǿ鲻ʺĵطʵǿԽƬ޴ɭֺɽ֮󣬾Ǵֵء
Ͽ϶ֻдء
߶ʣ꿤ǲǻеط


85 
ԭ˼ôӴ˿ڸ, ڴ꿤֮ǰʹӾ֮гλ֪˵, ûпЩ顣
֪ǵڶǵ, ˵ԼҪڳϸǲõġ
̫ƽ˰ˣǮ׶ȥϡ
һʼʱıͷЩ˺Ūסˡ
Ӳù, 㿴İô, Ҳ̫˰, ô, رˣû취
ҹö, ô, ˻ô࣬˹϶оҲ֪ģͷҲѣ·ϱ˶Ǻ飬Ҳάֺڶѡ
˵һһ׵ģټǿҲȷʵ, ظ֮ҲǸ, ˳˰Ѿǲ׵ˡ
ЩطĹԱҲǺܲװпš
ΪԼظ˰㣬ϱ֮е˰ȷʵǺƽظ˰ǸǹظһС, ûʲô̫Ĳ
ϾȴſȱԺʰЩԱǶȥĵطһЩɽˮ, ЩطȻʲô˰ճ
¾ĹԱҲ֪ģǲ֮и֮Ĳж
Ƿ֮󣬻Ǳ̫ɵԭ򣬰ˣȥϱȥ˰պݺݴǵ
ȻЩ˸Ľǣ֮Ŭ˷˻˺ˣũҲûбͽϴ٣ԽŻôõ
⻰˵ĺˣȺĹԱҲʲôʡ͵ģ·ƵȣЩٳ·Ǻģ֪ԼǱŪˡ
֮ǰǱЩһǸŪȥˡ
Ǿ顣
ⲻܵһصĴУǵڶĹԱǣԼЩط˸ˡ
Щ֪û취ġ
˵ط˼Һܶ඼̾˺ܶ꣬ʮ꣬͵صĺǿһǲ֮ǰھ֮еĹְжߣҲ˼µһ֪أ܌Ͻġ
£𾴿ԺһˣǸĵطȥǴλôȵȴǵľҴܲСĳײ˴ˣطЩһʹȥҲܵһЩͽˡ
´Ҷ֪ô£Ҳֻôűˡ
ϾЩԭɽˮظһֱûйԱְΪЩط֮ǰг飬ȫ
ڸͷܻæ£Ҫ˺ϣҪ˰Ҳܺ˵ΪҶ֪ԱĿĶ
Щ˵ļֻҪлйʱǴ򿪴ţ»صǸ߸ϵλϡ
֪˼ҳҪѩ̿飬û˭᲻
ЩǴǶøˡ
ǺڵĻʵӴ֪ͲǸ˵ԸԱԵĳ̶ȣڵطٹǲܷؾ֮еġ
Ѿǰ֮ˡ
档
˴Ǹ۳ˣҴ겻ʳǴ֮е޻˵ǴʮҪ
ڹȥλʵǱԷ˵˰ɣᶼûҪ˻ؾǵ˼ûУֱӸ˰˸꿤صļְ·ˡ
ĸĹٿ飬ñأ
ѱְãڱ˵ûõġǱسȥĹԱһŽ֮Ѿʮȷһ㡣
ûɱǣҲǡ˵ǱͳǣһЩ佫ϵ֮е˲λ
˱Ҳľ׼ڵطϰˡ
ǻؾĽⷨǽҲȷˣֱҲܼ򵥣ڵһûߌ·ߺ󣬱ڰŵڶʱûٲҴţʮȷǾ˰յ⡣
ǰˣſԻؾ
ˣҪôͳ˴⡣
֮ǰظ˰֤ʵ֮ǰ˰Чģظ˰ҲԴ˵Ǹλз硣
Щط˴ǶѾЩһôǴˡ
ȶסˣ֮Ҳһʰȫͻƿڡ
ʱԭˡ
֪һʼΪһҲǺһܴǵµĵùʱ䌝ԼĦʱҲ
ùĵùһĲһ
ȥĲǸȱظԭһֱ֪صĵطԭ̹ȥ֮ҪӵĹġ
ƽطҲƫԶҲǸȽ̫ƽĵطҲûгʲôֻ֮Ĵ飬ֻǱҲͿʮ꣬طϢڽ٣ĵҲ࣬˽Ϊƶѡ
Ҳ㹻ˡ
ΪҲȥƲƽظٸƽ˰Ϳ֪ƽ˶١
ƽˣ͸ˡ
ȥЩܽɳô˰Ǯ϶Ҳʲôʵʵʵ˰ոȥ³Ŀ϶ʲôͷ
ָ΢˳һ㣬ͿԸϴ˰ǰˣЦԵ֮ǰ̺ȵۺȵ۵ʱ򣬱ЩطŪöҡ
ԭΪͬӾ֮бسģ֪˵Ҳ֪֪ףȻһˣڼҲԭϣ֪ذһعԱ֪ʹ㣬ǳϸĸԭ̴˹ȥ
Щԭסˣع̲סëȻ
¿ֲ˹
ԼΪʲôΪùѡгģԭһʼ浽Ҫ˵ʱҲѾͬǸ֪ѶϢŪˡ
ԭ̾Ǳȫˡ
֪ĳǵ˼ҲֻǱµľţһëѡ
ֻž͢ǸССĵطĻ£ȥǵġ
µһֻһѾ˺ǧǧ򲽡
ԭ̿ЦţҲԼ֪ת֪أ֪鶼ţڳϵĻʱȻǿɬбλӣǴĪĸ
ǰǱ¾ˡ
Ϳ˰⣬ϣǽʲôû˺Ū˹ȥΪֻǱ¶ɶѡ
ջǱŪϷģסЩĸˣȥ˰ʢ
֪˰۵óĽ
ʲôȫûУҪ¸ʰо֣ԭǰ
ѹ꿤Ҳûеõ¼νⲢǱµ⣬ȫΪشЩ˸ۣǨŭ˰
֪˲ݺᡣ
Զھ͵ô˸磬ɻؿ˿ΧܵԼͻȻһ
ָ㣬ѾܾûʲôˣܹĵطѾˣѾȻƽȴԽԽ׳ˣӦҲûʲôܹش鷢ˡ
ͷ£ȻûзѾǿɵĵӣǰ嵽Լˣ錝Ѿ׿˵˵ʲô
ԡ
ջԼָ
ԼӦþֻҪð˰ɡ
Ǹ鷳


86 
汧Թ, ԼĿյа칫ҵů
ԱҲѵֿɡ
ŬѲԼë׵֮С
ҪϺҪů, ߴ˵еϧΪϷ˵, û˴ů
ʱ㡭
ǲٸ˭κλᱳģ
ȥˣ
[ͳ־Ǽһһ£ҺôǸ, Ҹ¶Ȳְɣ]ȶϵͳ
ϵͳתĴҲʮֵ־ķ[kֻܿ÷粻, ¶־Ҳû취ƾֲġ]ǰ, ʵ־֮ǰѾΪˡ
[־˵, ⲻǵkûã಻Ҳһû취סԼϸƶ]
ȣ[]⻰Ҳȷʵ˵е
, ̲ס˸п[Ҵ֮, ־ǳɳ˲٣ڶ˽ˣĺøж]ȼģʽ˵ţҲռһ־ıˡ
˵ϵͳûиʲôػһҵĺͻȻֱֱͻ˴ֽķһ飬Ϯϡ
û°ɣҶǫŵվ, æ˵
ǰסԼ֡־гҲг, ڵ.Ϸ־֮Ȼͷ춯ķһ˲䣬ǰ׼
ǻס, ķҲشȲë֮룬һδ˸硣
岻, ͲӦóǡҶǫ΢΢üͷ˵
ȽӹշݹӲ˲Ҷǫ˼ǫţҳġ
˵ҶǫʹλߵȸǰǰȻеů¯ȻѾôůˡ
ӦѧչԼһǡҶǫů¯˳ܿͱշֽ˹ȥµˮȥ
Ȱڳһ޹ı飺ֻǾ¯¶ȻټһᡣϾֻµ¯ӻóȥֲֽӴ¶ȣԱ¯¶Ⱥľ֮ǰ֢˵Ȼǲѡ
ڵνˣϾһֻѾΪ˵ӻ.ˡ
Ҷǫȵ⸱飬Ҳ֪Ӧðڳʲô飬ֻεؿˣӰɢڵϵȫϱذûڡ
Լ̫ڵôˡ
ȥ֮Ҳǲ٣ܵõӦ޼ԴӶԷ˵ѡҪı֮Ҷǫ֮˵ʲôݣõĻӦͱø
ô±Ǵ඼ȥģϾƫǻȽϷģҶǫҲ⡣
ҶǫЩϲάĹϵϣܸЭ֮ͬУǴԼĸۡԼҶǫѾ˺ܶ࣬Ҳһֱûж˵κصĻһһ
ȻƼҶǫı飬֪ҶǫǱߺ˼ʲô
ղҶǫ˵Ļ
Ϊ˽еǸΰɣ֪ԼʵõģĲ϶ǲģղֻ־Ǽһﲻˡ
ǼһҲͲˡ
˵ҶǫȻ¾Σ˵һԼ֪վסš
һʼҶǫǻ˵ʲôʲôҪͬ̽һ¡ʱӣ֪Ҷǫһ಻ˣǱʲôԭ򣬷һԽԽˡ
ҶǫԼ˵ĳ˾ϣһġ
ϴεɣ˵÷⡣
ʲôóԵûгԹʱûԹĶҲԹأ
Ȼˡ
ˣĻ᳤ʳøĲװҪǹʡ
²ţתͷͶҶǫЦ˵ã´ҾͲˡ
ҶǫԱʰ飬˲ֹıչֵ쾡¡
Ҷǫ飬ȿЦãѺܿ¹˵ů¯ԼůĶȷ·ҲЩˬҶǫӣɴѯʣ˵ǫʱһֱҹҪʲô
ȲҶǫôԵˣ˵ҶǫһôԼ˴鷳ġ
һʼҶǫΪԼĲȫУڼȻһֱôã϶ǶԷһԭŻ
˵ҲԸ־ΪϾ֮ҲЩʦһģںôŶʲôֵı֮Ҳǻ˿ټĹемּįģЭͬһֱֵģʵ˼ζ
Ҷǫȫû뵽ȻôͻȻĴ㴰ֽʶƫͷЩǡ
ȣ
ҶǫӦЩ΢
ĥţҶǫӦͼʲôʱȵһշ˳ӡ
ڿ˵𣿡ȺЦſҶǫ
ҶǫĬĬտЦʲô۾ôʱ䡣
Ҷǫ⻰ʧЦ˶λδȨݣԷҪʲô͸ʲôŬŶԷȨ֮⣬ûоԼиʲô̫ݡ
ҶǫԼΪŶЭͬᣬżʽ΢İ˵ݵĻ˵ݣ˵Ҷǫһϵĺúǡ
û֨Ҷǫʾ˵
Ȼشһ𣿡Ҷǫ˻󣬶ʵ
˵ԴֵؿҶǫû˵Իǲԡ
ʼնδ֪ΪҶǫ˵ԥ˻ᣬ˼¶Ķ˵۵Ĺϵ


87 
üͷһ, û뵽ҶǫͻȻȷһ뵽ҲȽϳ, ȵҲ, Ҷǫ³Լǻʵ۵Ļǿ϶ѡԼʹǡ
ϸԼɣʲôʱЭͬᲢ볯͢ϵ֮У
϶ߴߴ˵֡
ԭΪҶǫ佫ӵǱȥ²ţϾһθߵλ򱱺ҶǫǼ, ûϳ, ȿ϶Ǻ˲̫һ
ȺûЩе, ̴Ҳ϶ҺųΪھͻܵӵĺ, ܸɻ竣ʡͷźȦء
һֱΪҶǫƲӦ佫Ǳȥ, ǻҹš
֪, ڻҵϵλʵ֮⣬ֻСޡ
룬˻ҵϵ֮⣬ʵ۵˲٣Ͼ۳ٶ꣬һã϶Ѿдյˡ
нΪͳڵ, ʵ۵ҲȷʵǴա
ȻȲҶǫѯʵ⻰ǾҲͨһԱ, ӦǰΪǺͻҵϵϽ֧˰ɡ
ȷʵˡҶǫĲ²⣬ȲûҪϵ˼ʵϼҶǫ²λʵ, Ҳȥʲô
ֻٿʼû¹ٽЭͬˣȻҶǫ˵Ǵۻʵ֮ǰ, ȰŪȥǻʵǿռЭͬᣬĹԼͷϡ
ۻʵͼĨԼ.jpg
ȻǵǸزҲȡǰ֮ټϣˣ黹ԼȽϿס
ȵĿ϶ҲҶǫȻʧ
ҶǫȻ佫Ǳȥ²⣬Ҳ˵ģ佫Ǳ߼ǺһѧĲ׼ӾҲиԼôҲ粻ֲܿӡ
ĳǱҲƵձͰȫи˵竣ʲôûҪ󣬲Ż
ֻлǱΪǰļλʵ۹ϵһŬչʾ޺ȥʲôѧϰ飬ѧϰ顣
λǿĻӱȥ˺üսǵþλʵۼ޲ֹĪλûþͺɳʲôԭ˭Ҳȥ˼
֪ʶѧϰװԼ¶ϾֻҪֳ˭Ҳ֪˾ǻỹǲᣬϰǾԻ.չֳôֻҪ־˽
ʶ֮ҶǫȥЭͬЩʱеʱȥеʱȥеʱֻŹͻȻԸ緹Ҳټ
ǽТģԲø檴ѶȻҪĸѶġ
ûС
û뷨ǸһġͯҲûзԸȥƵ顣
һλ˵ζֻ˵ļֻѾûҪ֪µĳˡ
ȻѾ̹ȻԼۣô׳λʵʱѾȥˣҲض˵Ϊ˾ϵѪΪһЩԭ򣬱ȺϵҲ
йľټϣԻҺҲʮġ
ıȥƵͷŻԼơԡ޵ġλʵۿɣкβɣȡ֮뷨
Ҷǫ͸ĴֽЭͬԺǣһֱפŵľʿ
λ֮еģ˵ҪЭͬ᲻һֱƽ˾·ҲûмһҪЩȥ˼
֮ٰӽ򶫿ǻ˻ҲѾ֪ʲôŻ
λӵĲ£Զλʲôûϵӵܣӵ˼ûжʲôĬĬ
ܿĸĸΪλӶģŻԱ¸йôӣڱµʱ棬ڱ˿µʱ򣬱鲻һʡ
ȻһѾº͵˵ҶǫʱҶԱޣ˵ѿġ
ҲҶǫûаȺλʵйֹҪԵɡ
֮⣬ҶǫҲ벻ʲôˣʦڣЭͬſڰô
ųֿ֮ҶǫҲֻһ֣˵ҶǫŴǵĻ֧ΧڣҲûҵ˭Ƿݵġ
һ룬Ҷǫ;Խʹˡ
֮ôˣû֪ĴڣôôȹԺУĬĬŵҹҹ
Ҷǫ֮ǰȥɹܿȶԺܶİϡ棬ǹȥгţӡ
֮ǰǽ̵һֱǿԼֻۣҪǸԼʵȥΪʲôôδΪ֪һûʵۣΪǰû취ɡ
λʵ۵ǻ֮󣬻ΪԱжԭ֮ܳˡ
ҪΪ˵ҲΪԵʰɡ
ʵҲٳ
ôЭͬĳԱûЭ֮ͬĵطټ
ֻѾϰԼʮʮˡ
Ҷǫ֮ʮ־ȷԼҪԭ
ǸʾɵĻֻ濴Ѿȫ£˵ľǣվһԸɴҵİɡ
ҶǫôŵģҲô˵ŵġȻûвܶǶԱ¶ЩЩݣ确ı确ֱ确ѿı顯һЩݡ
ȻԼ̹ϣûз˼ҶǫȻҲѡء
ԵҶǫԼݵȫƲ⣬ĶԣƺܶԵϵĸо
[˵ҡ粻ֲܿᡯ£Ҽˣ]ȹעʮִضϵͳҧ˵
Ҷǫϸ۲ȵı飬Щ̫Ծ֮Դضʵˣ
ĬĬ˵Ҳû̫
ͬλҲ˵лİɡȷʵҲ˵ΪĹϵԶչˡ
ûë
ں˵Ժߣǿ̫ΪѱЩլԵˣһ¶ȵʱڡ
ҲǡҶǫ⾩Ǳ¶ȣ˵ȥ֮ĵطߣ
뿪ȫһĵطиӹء
㱾ͲʲôȨƣͲʺϾǡȶȨʲôͷڵЭ᳤ͬľͲҶǫˡ
鲢ûжٸ˵ǵһЩĽֻһ΢ܶһԵ㲦ͻȫһ
·ٻһֱȷĵ·ϣҲ¡
Эͬȹ̣³ĲĵЭΪ£ҪԭҶǫ᳤ҲЩǣǼʲôִҲ׾ûȶһָ
ЭͬȱҶǫҲȱˣΨһȱٵģֻһ˶ѡ
һʱƣҲԽôϿɡ
Эͬ˭Ҳ˳Σҵ˭·أ
ȱֳһҪ᳤ͷ˷ַӿ԰Ҷǫһˣȥ
Ȼ֮ҲҶǫԼ
пȫеĹڽͷѾˣкöɾƯԺӶԾס
˵ҪȾůЩļʱָˬǿԵĻȥͷǱ߿ɡ
ҶǫôΣȻǷŬûȥӭȫµľǣֻǱԼۡЭͬһ˶ѡ
˵ףǾɣӰѾĥˡ
Ӧûһط
Ҷǫš
--------------------


88 
Ҷǫ, ؿˣϵͳţ[ͳ, 㿴ˡᷢⰡ]
󺣴ů, εζ
ô˸ж
ĨᣬҶǫͲһˡ
ȻⲻΪε.󣬻вҶǫĲ²ôģҶǫΪ, ˼Ҫ
ǰ, ܴķȥ, һֱھ, ЭͬĹʣ϶ǶҶǫ顣
Ҷǫ, Զ뾩ǵ¡
ü, ЦſҶǫһȥǿ̫ˣȹǫٹЭͬύѧˣһȥǱ߿
ϸԼԽһƺǿܳƵѵģҲֻҶǫһˡȻҲԼģԷǧټҪԼʦ
Ⱦ;úҭΪʲôЩ԰ʦôִ
˵, ԼһӴ϶ģҲֻշҶǫ, շԼΪԼǻʵ۵ĹϵƽһʵػһЩ¼ϵ, лύһЩʲôǺҶǫΪ, кΪЭͬҲһЩ֣оϵ㡭
ȻҲʲôദʱ⡣
ʱܶ˵뷨˼άԼһֻҶǫܿıԼ˼άܿܺȵ˼άͬشһ£ȽкͷЭͬôˣȻǴҶǫ⹤ӱȽ϶һ㡣
ԺȥͷǱĻշ϶Ҫϵģֻǳ˾ǣ뻹ټӸͬȽȤЩ
»ĵҪſȥˣڲҶǫ߿ڻŬȨأ϶ǲȥͷǱߵġ뿪֮ǰҶǫȥһ棬·Ŵԭ֭ԭζûбֿķ羰ҲǳĲ
ҶǫԼͻȻŵЦŪſʼתԷĻʱͨ죬ĿİͰ͵ضŵٴȷϵңһ𣿡
󲻵Ȼش𣬾¶Էһ㣬˵ü꣬ܶҪһ꣬Ҳõȵģϴ뿪ʱѾʼˣֺܿ죬ϣҲڡ
ǻһһʵڲУҲҲ»æ
Ҷǫ⻰ݣȲûЦطҲǴͷһϻģΪ˺һȥ򶫿ֱôĳ
ҶǫʲôģҵȻܳ嶯¡Ҷǫ֪Ҫƾٵʱ򣬿ǹΪЭͬˣڸܻЭͬ⡣
ȥ򶫿ʱ򣬿ʱ׼աҲǱˣȣҶñҪúܶࡣ
뵽飬ƳҶǫĵ˵һǵǶʱ䣬ϸ߸ߵ顭
ҶǫȴŵԹС飬ЩɰԵ죬ԼЦ¶ﻹǴЦ˵ҲǺ˰ɡ
ȵҲûзϣϾҶǫ뿪ʱϱ߻Ǵ꿤ЭͬͷûŴǰ꿤ǶʱӹûǱȽģûжҪ
аɣҿɵŬˡŬȨֲȻźȥˣ֪һͷǱûУˣ˵뿪֮ǰۿŴģ
һЩп̰Ȥ.jpg
շȲʱҶǫѾ»صԼλϼɱů¯һ۵ģʵԺЩƵ
շۣƺȥʱ̫һˣоӶ͸Źɿ죬֮ǰЩѹֵġ
շҶԱ·ҶǫǲںģϸƶԷϵ飬׵طֶԷüͷչ˿˹ȥӡ
Ǳ¿ˣҲͰʱѣշɻǸŨ˾շ
ҶǫҲȷʵǷеĴʯͷ˵Ȼ׵ؾʹӦԼȥͷⱾ˵״̬ǺܲģҶǫ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
˵ۿչξһǰĺܲȻڻԲǰҲԵ綼ĿЩ
ȿ֮󣬶˵ȴʲôĵ顣
üפũһѵٻ·ŷݸ˵ЩפǾӦ»صӪͷΪκͰǽӴˣ֪һЩڵɽկ
Щھפ˵˵ѵһĹˣפֳ˺Щ˽˷˵Ĺ
פԼתҪæͻٺܶ࣬΢Щ
ȼȻһȥͷǱ棬ȻҪġΡ͡ҲԼʼְ֣顣
θְʵܼ򵥡ٹٵְղȨӽκ֮£ն಻
ǳ͢ˡ
ղȷʵƵȨָղҲǵطϳ⣬ҪղǰȥطڴѶЧ̫Իʵ۲ŻղȨ
ڱ¾ھǣҲû˼ΪʲôҪָθھڰٹ֮ϵղ󳼣
ȫɻ󲻽⣬һȫû֨ϾͱǺɵĳǣѾͷһʼ֪ˡ
ǻ໥֮۱壬ûеóʲôЧ۳Ҳû˵ʲôںܹԺʵϵҲãܶҲټģ´˾ٿ϶ǵġ
ȷϺԼûйϵѾ˺ܶĳǷͶæµĹ֮С
Ǳ´ϻ۹ˣ˼Ǿܹģ벻ޱȻ»İţǿ϶бµĿԼڵ·Ǽɡ
ĳѾ׷ȥ˼ǳУǷǳЧõıΪֹּˡ
ĳģ佫Ҳģڽӵʥּ֮ҲƵ뷨˵ղҲûԼЩʲôˮƽҲ벻׵ĻǾȵȵȱ֮󻹻ʲôźˡ
Ժ֮жϵͳ٣[ͳ㿴Ѿ˵һ֮֮˰ɣ㲻]
[ȨȹһЩͿԿ籾ˣ]
ȻΪο϶кܶĳԣϾͷѾһʵˣȫƾնһ
նడʵ۶û㲻ɾͿɱˣ˭Ầ£ұʾأ
ȻûС
˵ʲô
˵ڳ޿ɱȨ
˵ڳ֮бһ֮֮ϵĸλٸһղͷҲֻ΢Щûʲôʵ塣
ô˸ж
[һǷǳȨ츳ģ]ԴԵõĺϵͳ˵ţԼͷ֮ѾָտɴˣֻҪҶǫǱ߸ˣ
ϵͳ˹Լÿɨ赽ϵͳ֮ڵĸźȷʵǺ˵һһܿۡͷÿ췢ȥķ⽻ԼҪ˸ûˡ
иͼҪģ
ȻǶܽûҲûӦԼϵͳ˵Ҫ
ϵͳԼͷʷͷЩȨǵܺڵľԵϣȷʵϷ⣬ҡź[˵öԣˣϾͿԸظˣ]
[]ϵͳ⻰ȸæ˵[ͳXXʦĿλû꣬ȥǰɵȸҷǸЩƵǾ˽أ⹫ģһȥ󶼿ˣ]
[ϣ]ϵͳӦˬ졣
[ͳͳ]Ժжǻֵ
--------------------


89 
ԭصʱû, Ϊղۡͱ͵ƽۡٶȱԭ̵нٶҪϲ, Ͼԭ̳֪Ǳͣ˼չĦ, һ·Ҳͬںüظվ֮գĵá
ЩĹԱǿڷ绹Ǻܵģټ֮ǰΪ˽ظ֮䱾໥ͨѶ໥֮Ҳ, Ҳûб¶ԼѾ֪ôŻñ·ǻؾ¡
ǰ֮, ԭ֪ߴ˼պ, ͻȻҴҸ, ֻºܿͻᱻЩطĹԱʶԣԻͰԭʼ뷨, á
ԭҪΰ֪, ȥʱѾˣ֮йȥ˺ü£ǰػ˵ƽǱĵĻֻ׼ڸˣҲһʱʱ䡣
ԭΪӾĹԱڵطǻܵһչ˵, ԭ̵ݻһЩر
ԷĹԱǲһΪǻʵű, Ϊܹ²ŵġ
ͱȽϿˣֻҪﻹлḴ𣬵ȻǴʵ۸, ԭ֮ǰܿԭ̾ͶҪڰˡ
˭ܴ, ˵ѾϣԻؾأ
һ޽⡣
ҲΪô˱ĻʵԴĳĻΣԭǶԾһЩҪֻڸڻλϵĻʵ۱²ܾ
ƽıعԱ˵Ƿǳõ飬˵ƽͺܻܿõʵб
ԳûҪ෢չƽʲôҲҪŪͷ촬ЩұȨЩƣԼԱְżνȵȵݡ
Ͼطжλ²ûʲô˽⣬е˼ʵ۵뷨
ԭ̵ûôֹۣǺİõİƽ͹ۡˣԭ˼
ھǵղƺЩЦھеĵλҲûʲôֻһն࣬һҪʱ£Ȼն
ղͷомֻЦ
¿϶ģԱ¸ְλ϶壬ܴܻĵˡ
ԭ̷ۡƽ
ǱڸǴѶϢɡ
ղأҪģ֮Уڱ˵شʲôЩô᲻֪أ
½ۡѶϢ󴫵ݵУ˼ǲ鵽ʲôȫøٻйȥͷǱ߰æǰơ
ƱҺ͸ĹϵãԿԱ֤Լȫ
ȻҲһ޵˼
ûôҲûģֱӾʹղְɴɱһǧŹһЩûиЧĹԱǣҲǳпɴɱһԱ֮С
ڳ϶⣬ǵôöûиһͬۻԼ̫ѡһѡһ۶зġ
¾Σͻ档
ǵҪű»ûжģѹŸλǲ飬ֻӦǱ֮͢ƾһˣԱΪĿƾ֮ѹŴҴҲԸ⿪š
ΪЩسȥĹԱλá
ڱ¶ʧ֮ǰ
ԭǱµģ̾˿
Ǳ¿ʵƲʲôĵĻʵۡ
ԭ̲ȷǰĹԱܲܿµ⣬ϾߵʱھǵĵλûȫֳڸЩͬǾǹĹԱдű޵ؼŶۡݵķҲԼѾ֪ܶ顣
ЩŶͳȥ֮ԭ̲濴ЩӵԼͷǡ
ȷʵҪ֮ǰ֪ЩظҪúֻܶ࣬ȥǵҲͦصģԭҲЩҪȥ꿤·ϣЩǲûбߡ
ֻƽ꿤ʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰ۳˽ķλƽ⣬ֻǰѡ
ȥǱߺ۳Բͨײ˹ñ۳ĻȻҪȥǱߣԴӴ꿤ˣ˽ȻǸˡ
ȻҲǴ۹ȥЩԱ˵ģϾܶǱߵҲǸС壬Щֹһģûþͱһһˡ
˭꿤ĹԱʱôһ꿤أЩӦôô
걾ص𽥻˵ٻ󣬴۹˽⵽Щ˶ʲô£ǹȥൽĴ˶̲סеѪѹӿȻͰԼķԩİ취ȥˡ
Щ۵ĹԱǵﵱغȻҲǱЩصĹݻģڱһȺΧţʾҪϳЩعǺԱһλԼһ·ʮ֮еĿ־塣
⶯ͼһΧʲôģЭͬǽЩնʶҲˣ鲻ҪҲһ˰
ѹ֮£ЩҲֻܺ޶ȥԱǺеĲƲ빫ζ֮Ц
֮󣬴۹İǺͱصľϵȻǺ˺ܶ࣬ЩغСҵЩ乫ĺǣȻҲû˷ѡ
ǿ֪ͷǱߺ˻׬Ǯ⺣˵ɱǴ۹ڵ˷ˡ
ߵҲûмܴģ˵乫ɹٴˣڴˮֻ֮ǰˡ
ƽߺЩԽӵЩײİǣЩϵЩ˾״̬ԽԽãҲûǰôݹ֮ܽ΢֪֮꿤ǳ¡
ƽûбЩ꿤ĹԱǴ񣬵кܶߵĺߣǰ꿤
ȻûͷҲǿģȻ·Ҳǳضࡣ
ƽ꿤ڵһԭ̲Щ꿤Ǳ߽ô᲻£ԭҲǵ£ҪĻ˰յ⡣
ԭҲǱŵϣпܶԷᴦ˰أһ飬Щط˻ûôޱģ֮ǰ֪Ǳõĸ˲ᶼܸɾ
ûϵڴǻزȥǵˣԼЩͬǻȽױɵġ
ԭƽ꿤ĺȦһȦ
ȰԼ棬ٵغǵİһɡ
ԭ̾Ҫһģʱ鲢ƽǱߣǾͱ˾ܱߡ
פȥ˽˷˵飬ȻŽţһկ﷢˲ԡ
ԷزǿҽǾܹõֵģŻǴ۹ٱʽģֻûйٷӡǣʮֿɡ
յϢ֮º֮ǰûץġıһֻǷկЩķͽսȷʵҲֻһͽѣѶ󣬲ŴЩͽǿе֪ϴһׯӣǸׯͷҵЩģǸׯʲôҲ֪
ЩͽȷϺŷ֣Щ˴ٵׯӲھؽ֮УЩפɨЩկʱɨ磬ķΧȥˡ
--------------------


90 
Ϣʱ, һʡ
طΪ췴׼Ű
Ϊʲô׼췴ıᱻ˸ߣ뵽ҲʮҭĪоδЩţƺĵطڿܻе˵ӡ
Էŭּ, ϣԼܹȥʱ, ҪҪ̵ط⿼¡
Ͼͬλʷط֮ؿĽһطе֮ǰʵҲڱǱ, ԷΪľʲôͷ˵Ļ߳ŵĶǿ
Эͬͷļ, Ϊפȥ˷˵, ھЩũ֮пڱҲʼˡ
ԷڲĺøжȻǳ͢߿ǶѾ, ȱľԵط
ȾôҪͰѶͷǸѾ׼ı˵ĵطе.ɱ, λ֮, طҪҲҪ
ϸ̫ʵϾܱߵĵطУʵҲƲʲô˵ҵҪԼʽıҲǶǱߵĽΪ
׺Ⱦ£ջѡӦ
ϾڻҪݶĲɵʱ֮ǰһֱʲôҪ, ʹӦʲôҳҵ̬ȣҪھ⶯صġС¡Ӧ, Լķݺ˵ûʵĸоˡ
Ҫ˵һҪ󻹶ڹطΧ֮ڣ綼, ˵һβؼΪ
ⲻҲǺܺõܸԼδǺͼɵ»
Ժ֮зϣ¾طһ, ҸµΪǺֵùġųѵӳȥ᲻ĳЩ޹׵ĵط¡
˰ɣĩʱڣڵط̾ôãѹô˰գһһûĸܳƵ޹ġ
ӦҪ֮Ȼ˵Ϊ˽ıķͽҪڣҪط֮£һб¼ɡ
صȻıͲıȥģȻһܲһѵĿӣ¶
ȻҲǲԾˣֻΪԼҪȨʱսһ˰ɡ
ȵĶⶣѶԷ˵һһȫ
ּ֮ݣǱ˼صڡ
˵ʼնԺӶǱ߷կַǳϢûκ⣬ֻ±ѾǶԺӶǱƲ˰ɣŻԼ˵Ļ
¶֮вδἰκıйصĻֻºӶǱߵҪࡣ
֣صضűӦ£·ģڴ
ȣ
[Ϊʲô⻰Ѿвоˡ]ȶϵͳߵ
ϵͳҲ⻰˵ͦԵģ[ȥӶ֮Ŀʲô]
˼˺һնϵͳɵ˵[ԷӶɱһɶɪɪڵضҶ]
Ȼֲһ㻹ڵ¸㽨ŪչЩع黹ʧȥеũúӶڵϢ
ۿɼܡ
ֲҶǫҲǳЩĳǣԷʡ֮мְ֮ܰŪһ㣬ҰԼιȥļһ
̻У㽨˰ɡ
ٳ˺ȫΪĿ֮󡭡
[ⲻϣ]ϵͳԶԵ˵
ϵͳô˵ҲûдųֲĽ֮ʣµĲȫʵĶңֻǰıĵطɱˣ˵Ҳʲô
Ȱ
ȴǻŽŵ̬Ӿ֮гˡ
ûд߾פֻǧˣĹٱǻҪھ֮°ȫġ
Ҳ׽ÿܵıѾ㹻ˣԷǿ󣬶Ǳ߻פбҪʱҲǿҪġ
˽ô£¶֪ǱֵⷢģѾ㹻ö涪ɾ˱ЭıĿܣȻǻıԱ֮ʮֻ
ﶫΧ֮ûȥͶ˽ӴǴµֱǸկׯӡ
Ǹׯλһɽ֮УΧûʲộպӶ߸˵Ҳ֪ǸλΪʲôͻȻ˸ׯӣûںӶй¼
¹ıعԱ˵ҲŪ£Ȼضûв鵽ʲôѶϢׯڵظ֮вѯҲʲô
˵ǲóĹЩ£һĹٵĸֽӴڻǺ˽ЩĳǻЩϺŪЩġ
Ǹׯں֪ΪʲôӶ鶼
Ϊկϴٹׯ桤ͷݶ׸ˡ
Էϴׯӣׯ˶ɱɾ֮һѻطˣŨŨĴֻǰׯӸˣΧɽ϶ܿջٵľۼ
ͷЩչʬǶܶҰ޼̤ɻңܹҵĹͷٵĿҪ˵ˡ
ǰĳҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôźãϣѾׯߺŵĶԱʵвѯӶʲôʧ𣿡
Ūôһׯ԰ŪԷԲʲôƽͷգҲܷľֵµׯæµȻǻмҲ¶ŵġ
ȻҲѾǰ׼˿ѯ⣬ܿʹԼͳһ飬߸ߵݸشǺӶЩ֮ʮڸʧٵ˿ڣ嶼С
ȻǺܶǰ飬ôҪķΧȷʵʹˣҶԷϾҪı飬ܿڰ˵ׯ֮ǰ˼׼Ȼʱ߻ܼǰʮ꿴ǺܺģϾׯӷչʱȽϾˣҲڱһѷկѡ
ȻǱµǻ֮ǰ飬Ҳûжıйķŭ
Ͼλ˾ʱԼͷҲһҪµĳ嶯
ûˣеλʵ۲Ǹλãʱܶ౱ĽʿйƵͷ
黹Ҫģһ˼ׯӱ֮󣬻˸ط׼췴飬ʱùĻұ
лߺŵĶͬţׯӸúѲһܷܲЩʲôڱҲȷ潫ģԱȺϻʱǼǿѧܶѰټıµġ
ʵûʲôĻҲֻܴǧѺӶطƫԶɽӶһ飬ûƵׯӴˡ
ҪׯӸϼգŵıҲû׼뿪ׯ̫ԶѡׯĴ֮ޡ
ҲǧһǿܰǶװϢġ
Ҫ󣬴ӵĴ峤һӸͷʿ鶼Ҫ޳ģҾܾأֻôӦ
ط֣Էס֮¾ȻֻǽסûɧǴĸŮҲûǵĶסȥһЩǮ˳־ͰͷƵˡ
ЩפѾ֮ǰؽˣ·ˮ޺֮ǻŲũЩΣأڲ޵СҲĵʱ˳Ϊ
Сƴʲôʱ֮ǰׯӳ£ӶǱߵۣҲıүû۸ǣ˶ŵö㵽ɽͷȥԸЩҰ޶ڴ
ڼպȻûǸׯҵ뿪ʱλͷϴ峤ʧƣ˼󣬻Ѱ˸˽
ׯӴС϶ǲ֪ջС϶Ŵȥɽ𡭡
ؿλ峤
֮ǰǶӶ˶ʣһ𸴡֪
ЩٵҲˡ
Ͼ˵ׯӽҲ˺üɽ·ׯ⿪˸εСǸСѾ³Ӳݺ͹ľʺͨУȷʵҲ֤ׯûоӣСӲ֪ׯҲǺ
ڶԷǰȫǱտڵ״̬ͻȻð鷳ķգԼ˵⻰ʮ־
峤Լ֪飬ԼԼׯĶĦĳƷϵӡǣű¶Ǿ䡪
Ҫڡ
Ǳһ׼
ΪЭͬ˵Ǿ鱨ʱʱȥЭͬԺ֮Ѿˡ
ϳڵʿ󣬸ԩ߿֮²ͷöפѾƿС
˵ҪڡվˣԼѰôƽ׵͵ԼС
ա
š
Ǳ¿
Ҫطһб¡
ĥű⻰ﺬ壬԰Ϊǰ֮£оԼѾԴ˴ӶҪʲôˡ
ᰴԼ´ӽ
Ľ
º󣬾Ƕһƥɳ۶룬Զİ˰Ӽ͵֮УԭЭͬͻȻյ˴Ѷٿᡣ
ｫնɱλӶ֪أӶڣ˷˳ţڳڴɱˣݶڴѶӶڵĹԱֻѾʮһˡ
ȣ[]
[ͳӣ㿪ĵ飬ءҲµûʲô]ʮ˵


91 
˵ȷʵǺֵÿĵ, ҪԼˡ
ÿĲ²ⶼź׵ķǰ˵Ǻܴġ
˵ԼҲ, ΪʲôԼ֮ǰǧ, ˵Ҫܵط飬ԷջѡɱôӶˣڶ˵ҪȰ
ĿǰΨһȨӰ
ǱȻǰѺӶǸΧ, ڳ, ûз𹥳, ֻǳֶŵ̬
ͨ˵, 佫ͻȻһͷĳϵͷЩ嶼ɱˣӶƸ, ͦı췴ζġƫ˶֪, ǲѯıİӣǹЩҲûɶë㲻ЩҲղͷʵҲ˵ںķΧڡ
ɱʵ̫ˡ
ҲٶͶͷǧ˿ϵ
ϵҲû˵˫ȫĳ̶ȣ໥һЩ˷Ҳûٹ֮ǰĳ볯ڣΪһܷŭ
˵Ƕǵˡ
ںӶΧʱ, ֱʾԼղŶ, о׼ҪͺӶЩһı
һʰѶͷǱˣҪŹҲԸ⣬ŹѾ˵ҲֵöıȥǱ
ŵ˶Դ˵Żмֵ, Ѿ˵Ǿˡ
һʾ˱Ƕ̫ûˣԲ͵, ͼӴ˺ܶű
ǴϵͳǱ߿£⳯ͳűȫǸ飬ûʲôʵõϢ档
ϵͳ꣬ȻʡͷĹԱô˵ģϾɱôԱϵ֮ڵģ϶˷
ûС
ٿˣ˶ˣͷʵ۰ţĳҲû֨ģһ۹۱Ǳǹĵӣ˵ޱ̬
עϵͳǱƿֳһôɺ󣺡
[Ƕû°ɣ]ȿʼЩǲǱˡ
[ɨ裬ЩǺˮƽߣѪѹϸ˵ȶ]ϵͳش
Ǿͻͨ
ĥ£ǾóڵķӦ̫Ȼǲſ˵ҲǿԿʵģҶԴ¿н飿
ᾲĬһվ˳ܽض˵£ǷǲȥöǱ߰Ż
մ˰ɡȫû뵽ֱӰӵݵµȷӦ£Żش
[Ǳʾ˳дǶάɡ]ȸоֵֹģ[ڳЩѾȫһˣȨ߸֮Ѿɣ]
֮⣬Ҳ벻ЩӦģſڻά
[ܣ]ϵͳǺȷػӦйķĲ²⣬ϵͳø㷨ҲóʲôɿĽۡ
ҲԺܴ󣬵ΪѾʧ˺ܶεģƺطǱҲûʲôףʳҲѾ꿤ţܸѡѾ̫ˣԼȨȾԼ΢һ㣬ٶһӡ
ԼҪȥͷһβ̵ʱ䡣
ҰѺе׼ִеĿ֮УĿǰȵص㻹⳯ϡ
γΪɱ¾ӶԱΧ֮¶ģΪΪ֮»Ҫȵ֪֮𰸣ǸɴѾ仰¸ˡ
˵
ɢ᣿
ô¡صĳҲ̫˰ɣţǾҪʵֵĳһӣٶ˵仰
λҿɻ౨ŷܡ
ȾԼ⻰߳ģ⻰أͿд󳼲ڵϣ˸ߵ񣬹ǰӶ˴ιԱڶ࣬ʵ޷˶ȥӶ¿ȡʿ
¿ȡʿд
ȣ
[ԭεĳͷ⣡]쳣˷ܵضϵͳ˵
[ͳҾܾƾٵĻ˵Щǻ᲻ֱӸֳѱ䣡]ͻȻԾԾԵĸо
[ǵڡ]ϵͳܳʵض˵[ղмĳ˽ɨ赽ˣ㲻ӦµĻĳǻѡѳԼΪѴ󲿷ƽ鷿ɱ]
ĳǵĸѾˣû취ϺӶǱߵĿǿ϶ǲѡʵȨġ
ȣ[]
[ҲΪĳѡ佫ǱҲͬĳ]ϵͳ±Ƶ֮У˵
ȵһ
ڴ۵ʱ䣬ȫǸԼŵγˣ˭λҪӰİ
»ЭͬǱߵһЭͬǱȷ֪ԼҲֻǸѣæһӣҪôҶǫҪô֣֮ܽҲͰһʱæҲͽˡ
ʼĽֳһһԼȨƻ˳Լʱڻز˼ңǺܿҪڴ߼ʮİ࣬ȻȥԼ֮Ӱӵ飿
˲ǰһڣ
ȻҲ˵ԼΪ⳯ӲҪҲ԰Щ͹ȥһֽȥˡ
ǹȥЩͲֽۣȵû֪ȷʵǹغ飬Ȼû취˵Ųܡ
ȷ֣ԼȷʵƲںӶǱĽȫû뵽ջԼô
˵Ϊʲô˵ҪܺӶصˣôһﻹô°
ڻںӶ֮УŲͳĸ֤ݣɱնԴûŰԥ
ԼȷʵĹȫ㡾ְصִÿһϸڷԸ
ײİգǴһƬ󣬻ȡ˺ܶԺӶ¶Ϣ
ĶĿǰˣͬһںܶಢᱻЩĵط
ֻȥЩµ˲ںǣѰҲǡ
˱ָ
Ǹׯ֮УҵָĳӶƷѲӺӶڻûׯ֮֮У˽Ӷںıйص顣
˽Ȼеģ˽ԿɿȻҲеģص֪ӶһͭҲⱻ͵͵ڵĿﷶΧڣҼӶļѳţ˽ҡ
Щ飬ǿһıû⡣
ûб¶ԺӶϵڶˣ϶ǻԥġ
νڣӶôԱôţǺӶ֮Ҫôάת͢˰أ
бµĶҪй˼ɡ
˵ˣҪǺӶ⣬ȫЩɱ֮ԺӶϵôӰ졣
һб£
˼ɵذԼеĵΪ·
ıģôͰЩıȫˣ
--------------------
лҪ˵
һǧⷽʽ
Ƕµģ


92 
Ȼ֪ԼĻﱻô, Ҳϲ⣬֮ںӶɱô, ϶ΪӶǱ߳ˡ
۾ɵط, ִⲻǺ
Ȳûⶫ֮жָѾϵͳǱ֤ʵˡͬλʱ򣬶ԷҲȻǶͬλĹȾԼôҲͬλʵ۶˻ġ
֮¼Ҫ, ҲҪӺӶǱ߹, ҪԵȻǳǶԿȡʿϡ
, Ⱦڴ۵, ѹŲƾѾ岻ˣЩЭͬѾʼĴ, 򶫿ǱЭֲͬѾɫ, 꿤Ǳ߾͸Ӳ˵
ʼȲƾپǲϣЩȥӰطУ˼ҶѾȥطǱˣѹſƾʲôأԼӰࡣ
Ǳ㿪ȡʿɡһ˼˵
ڰٰ֮µõǱµ׿ϣͷЩĳǸжѣԼȥЩӣ˫۷죬ꡣ
һõĿ˰
¶ĳò, Ǳڿʼǵְ
ĳţѾʼ˴ʿӽ볯֮͢ʱ⡣
رصĹԱϣԼջؾ, ھЩѾϸλĹԱ˵ȻǿȡʿѿְϣԼԶڸλá
ܹҲֻǳ, ʵǼڱͬ⿪ȡʿӳﱸҲҪܳ׼ʱ䡣
ڴ۵ĿƾƶȻǳںܳĽ׶, ֻԺͻҼƾʵûпΣҪȻڳҲỹҵѹſƾô궼
Ҫ˵Ѿʮûпƾˣȥоϳּڵĳ֮ϣﱸ֪ͨصطøչԣٵǿչԣôҲҪܰ˸ȷ
ʱͷ϶ҲúӶǱߵĹְȱš
ȵһ뷨ʵԼȥô೯д󳼣ҪֱӰһᲹȱһְʲôġ
ѹե£ȾԼѾȫ״
ϵͳһͻͦεģȻعܶ󳼳ȥӶǱûеġ
ϾӶطͰžǣ϶ҲǸȽϸĵĿڸظҲ̫ȻȫڱȽϷȱĶȼα֮УûкӶǱߵķݡ
֮УǸ꿤ѾǸեˣڲʡǱæµҲתҺӶǱ߻ȷնЩˣǰ˼λģЩλҲ˭ȥģǿȡʿˣЩʿҲЩְλ
ĥŵģҲǵЩӯĳŬ侲ǵġ
ôǣûҲûˣôѹեܼһҲǼˡ
Эֵͬһγڳ֮С
꿤ǱߴЭͬǱߴһ飬ǿȫ֪Ǳ߽Ļȣ֮˴ŴǱ޲ڸ֮м꿤ϡ
ǱߵĹԱǴӾ߳ȥģȻûҲЩЭͬȷʵ棬൱һס
Ҫ͸ˡ
Ц
ƾپΪ˲Ӱദ۵
ڳҪЭͬڿˣȥӶĿȱЭͬȱˣҪȥЭͬӰࣿ
ΰɣ
ȺضͷʾŲܡ
òо²ˣȸ˵ĳǾʮ
ÿκͱҪ˭٣ֶһڳϣĻܾͻǲͬĽ˰ɡ
ȨĻһЩɹģȻʵϱȨڳпܸһЩֻǻΪ˵
ЭͬǱҲ˵ͳЩСԹģΪ˾²⡮Թȫûпˣȷ֮Ҳʵ벻ʲô˿õġ
ճϵĴҲܸɴıʾԼǷʮֳϿҵʾ
ĳǿ˾ǱµĸɣȥӶ֮¾Ǳ⣬ǰ͵õ˱ָ㣬϶ںӶɱ¾
Ȼ¸һɱôˣѾЩȱҪôţѾ뷨ˡ
ֻĳŬ⣬ҲֻܹǱ¸ǳһĴ𰸣Ҳǿƾ£һ벻ЭͬǱߵĻ벻ˡ
˼Ůܡ
Ͼ˭֪ڳ֮Уܱĳ֮⣬Ůˡ
ٴӼƳһŮҲˡ
ŮʱȻǲӵģܱ֮صԸ⿴ܶı֮ǰݸѡѾǸóȫˡ
Щóԭǰʺı׼ġ
ҪôѾˣΪ˸ǿӦòٳּŮ볯Ŀѡڡ¾̫СˮƽҲﲻְҪ
ΪԼչǵشһѾ㵽һǧҰĹߡʵȫû뵽Լᱻʡ
ⲻǴҪ˼
ȻĳͷЭͬǱ߾֣Ѿϰ˶֮󣬷Զȥˡ
ȱ˵ĻųЭͬᣬдĶˣ
ϾҪȥӶǱߣӹѾȫ˵£϶Ҫֲܺú鲻ǣ
ųһȺһȺ֮Ⱥɵľ˸ȫûбǿǹȺ塣
շ͵һЩÿԵͬţʡةȥӶɡתͷվλһֱĬŵĻ¹˵
ΪԼǸȻѾˣô֮һ䣬¹ٵҲ԰
Ҳÿշ֮ҪΪӰʲôģϾ̫໹Ǻܶģ̫ʱҲʲô鷳¡
˵ˣʵڲУʹôŮڲסǽӹҲǳ˵ϱӰĿѡǺܶġ
㲻ԼӰ飬ֻǣշˮƽҲǺܲġ
ٴϵͳռʼ̫ܹʱйæ֮󣬺ʹڸ񶼿˵Ǿûгʲô
ʵѾܸˡ
Ҫ֪ϵͳǱתʡǱߴҲֻһ㣬ϵͳкܶ©εġ
ȻҲܺͳҪй£һʹṹĻʹһϵ
ټϵЭͬӰʱҲûٰշһѹեˣⲿԼһЩ˵ĴϣշҲоġ
ô붼շͦδҪάٴɹ
ˣȵĻгɴۣʮŵظ
ŮٳǻܹһЩģϾŮ»ûôԹ˵йһЩ󹬸λȻʵ۵̫߻ʺһ֣Էܸܺͻʵ۱ȼ磬ˮƽǳ͵ġ
¹ٲǣ¹ٸǴʷ鿴֣ûзʲô¡
οձµּ⣬ѾֻǸˣֱӴ
ֱӾҪȥӶǱߵְϵ֮еҪ
Ǻּ⣬Ȼĳ̲סڶʾ˷ԡ
֪ԼΪʲô²ˣЩѡȷʵǶûпǹġ
ôû¹£
ĳм뷨ʵҸߺĳҲֻһ
ÓڶλʶԼ˵ʲô󣬶ʱһ亹졣˭֪ȻȷſˣǾǽԾԲĵ飬Լſڳù֮û塣
ôôƲסԼأ˵ʲô
²Ҫ˵ڵĻȻȷʵﻰûĶԱĹҪ¹ȥӶҲûҪͱԵ˼
ֻ̫𾪵Եʣ
£ĳ൨һİ
λܵͬƵϣ·𿴴ʲôӢ׳ʿ̬Ҫˡ
ְλǲ׵ģ
λ˫һڣÿĵطչ
ˣλҲˡ
ȻλԼͷԱµʡةǰɣǱշǳǰӶڣʱְλĿȱɡ
ǣ¡λӦ
ϵȱɶײ˵鲢̫ͦĵضϵͳ˵[ʵöʧܰЩǶ֮һֶҶ˵Ҳ¹٣Ǻ]
[ѹ~]ȸԾ˵
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93 
˺ӶǱߵҲȫö, 黹ܽЩѾҪȥӶʹӾ֮г
ٽ, ʡةշҪѺཻܶӵĹŰ, ʡةȶĳƺֻߵһְϻְ߰Щ϶Ҫȸź˲뿪
ȴӳ, ջصԼ޵շž, ҿԲȥӶ𣿡
ĳ˵, λǸ˵һ, ȫûпˣһֱȵշ˵, ֻҪǺԭԵ, ͱҲǿԵġ
ôˣϼҿϣϰԵһ߰ŵֻľèѾ΢Щûôˣ¶Ⱦͺܸպá
շϼĵʵڻʹǼǲϲûд֪֮ǶԷǺӶ, Ϊһγʱλ̯շЩƣںĶԻ֪֮ġ
ȵӶԼϼ, շûʲô⣬Ͼ֪ڱڶǵԼϼĶͷһůշϲ˵Ц, ˵£շѾûжСʱӡ, ½շϣڹź¡
˵շڣ׼˭ȥЭͬǸأշ֪ҶǫѾ³ǻˣǻӵܣҲкü̫ţշһܽ͵Ĺȥǻ˸̺Ļ̫࣬ͺܲˡ
ЩС¡Ȳûбշ˵շҲûҪʲôĪĴ㣬ֱӵ˵շȥӶҪ㿴ŸȥЩ̫ǣǲʡةĻġ
շЩ̫вˣΪն˲شˡڴ۹ôʱ䣬Ѿܺ˵Ļˡ
ǳǣҲϣԼõظųȥûշ֮һЩžҪдҲǸ鷳¡
ȾûпԼַʳѡ
ֻĳǶЩ¹ٲģҲշ֮Ļ¹жġ
ѧ˵ҲƵģкܶȨƲƸ.Ϊĵ·
ڻʹ֮Щ̫һ
ʹһ˶ȾףͷźܶŤ˵̬ƲϽǻʵۻ̫඼ˡȿôˣܹһֱߵģҲֻշ
շʵҲûоöԷжཡֻԷ֪ڰˡ
Ҳûǿ󣬱Ͼʹͷ̫඼֮ǰλĻʵˣȵʵ֮û̫࣬ǰͷЩʵʲôȻ̫ʲô
֮ǰԺܷĵóĳǴЭͬȥ꿤治ͰЩ̫ǶӶ
Щ̫ȥΪһԼӴĿ԰ɣɶ˵һղܵطЩ⣬ԼȥطŰʲôģܽܵġ
¶ô˵ˣշҲ֪ѾûοշҲ˽ԼͬǸʲôòϱеֻܺʧӦ
ȿշЦЦõģ֮Щʿ볯ȥӶĿȱǱԻˡ
շְ̫ܹܵλһһֱŵġʿѡةںӶЩ̫ĳǿ϶ڵطġ
շЦӦʵĵĲѾˣʵ̫չԼ
ԷǰóԲóԣҲܴպųȥϢʲôĸԣûѣҹʱԲ˯շܵʱְλ̫࣬᲻ôģһֱű
뿪֮ǰҪЩ鶼׵ǡ
˾Ѿȫ˵շˣԼո̫ܹʱԱο־ĸо
ʡةշǰѸýģðŵ鶼꣬˶شӾڳźӶǰС
ȿ˸շ޵£ѡ˳ȥЭͬǱʽʼ׼ƾϢʲôһ
ûշȻ̫ԼҪȳȥȵȻǾܾˣֱӰԼǸ̫ˡ
ˣ̫»ȸյǻʱĻ̿֡
ЭͬᣬȻֻϵ鶼ܿܣЩϲԼҪ鹤ƷǿƾõЩʷ龭壬ֻҪ΢пվͻȥۡ
Ƕ׼ȥμӴ˴οƾ٣·ߵ˶¥ҶǫĹӣɻʵ
ʱ򷿼ҲֻҶǫѮҲڣȵشغܻ⵱Ȼǣ˵꣬ѮҶǫĺ󱳣ھǵЭͬͷֻйǫȥμӡ
μӹ鲻μӣƾ飬ô᲻ЩѧĳӿʼԺĿƾٶ׼
ܵѮػҶǫӿѮֻϮ֣æȽ͵ûе£ֻϣϹ˵Ҳ׼ǲμһĿƾ١
ôϹ˵ˣõĻᡣѮţ֮ǰǾѾʹ˵Ҫðڿʼ᳤ֻĹڳ͢ҪƾˣΪʲôȥ
ǿˣο϶㰲ȥӶǱߣʱǺӶķֻҲչˣͷڣںӶķֻᣬ϶Ƚ򶫿˳ѮѾʼҶǫ֮˳롣
ҶǫһҭԵؿȡ
Эͬͷ˲û˵ԼҪһȥͷԼϾҶǫԼ˵˿϶ǻᱻЭͬͷԹߵءҶԼĻ᳤ӹٰӡ
ƾһƽ᳤ȥμӿƾٺ
μ˴˴οƾһеڣ˺ҪһֱæҲûлǰȥͷˡ
νӶֻ飬ҲͷѮǱ£ҶǫҲ֪ǲܵ飬Эͬͷ˿ԳȥӶֻᰡ
еں󱻰ȥӶ֮Ҳ϶ҪæطҲûйʱڷֻϡôҲҪٹһ꣬ȾǵЭͬһ²ֻܿ飬Ҳһʱġ
ҲȰȰǫѮȴҶǫЩǣ͢ò׿ƾ٣һλ֪ʲôʱҶǫʱоԲμӣΪʲôȥ
֪Լܳɹɻ᳤֮Ҷǫܰȥμӿƿѡδ᳤ڶڽ֮ҲĥĥĻޱŬʹ˼ѪһľԻҶ᳤ʲôġ
˷ѮĻҲҶǫΪʲôμӿƾ١
ȫû뵽ͷ顣
ƾִĸ߿Ҳûʲôп˵ԼԼ˺ȥ棬׼Ӻ߿ʱ䣬˶Դ
ǫΪʲôȥأҲɻؿҶǫʵ
鲻⣬ûзѮȰȿҶǫѾǳˣȻԷμӵѡ񣬿϶ܶ࿼ľȻǺԸ˾ġ
ȴɻĴĿ⣬Ҷǫ΢΢ƿЩۣ֪Ϊʲôûи˵ʵ뷨óԼ֮ǰ˵ʣһһֱæЭͬ񣬶ʷ龭Щʵ̫ˣȵ곯͢ٿƾ١
ݸһЦǫô֪곯͢Ὺƾ٣
ʵ۵Ķ֪أ֪Щʷ֮Уƾ鼴ȶٿҲһء
ǵȻ顣Ҷǫ㻹Ǻŵģſڶȷ͢ٿƾ٣ΪӶǱߵ飬ʮҪʿӡϢھڻûд鱨Эͬڲʲôܡ
ӶⲻǹڱѾʼԺӶˣԱµֶκЧʣܿҲᱻʰġ
ֻһ϶ôȱڣֻڣƾÿ궼Ὺ졣ҶǫصóۣѾ˿ʮˣҲһġ
ȣ
[Ҿһң]ȶϵͳҧгݵ


94 
ԭȶҶǫȥμһƾ, ǵԺĿƾٶνģҶǫں˵Ժ궼Ὺ, ǾͲһˡ
Ҷǫһȵһ졣
ΪҶǫǺЩһĳë, ԼΪЭͬĻ᳤˵δǰ᳤Ϊʷ龭׼Ĳ֣طʵ̫, ԲŲμһ졣
Ǿ͸ȥɣ
Ц, ȴǻһЩЦ, üۿҶǫǫʷ龭巽浹ǲ, ˴λݱȻʷ龭ΪȻΪ˺Ӷʿ, ȻԲΪص㡣
ڲ۷, ǫ϶ûκġ۾ǸԾ֮жʱʵĽԷ֣ȻĲɷҲһҪ
ǰ߶Ҷǫ
Ҫ֪Ҳͨϵͳλ󳼵ӣȲǵĲҶǫúá
Эͬ£ǳǳЩũڶҶǫ˵, ദ˵ᳵ·Эͬû취, ҶǫⷽռƵġ
ҶǫͲȻ֮еԣ㶣˵ίζʵϣȥμ𣿡
ȷʵˡûҶǫί, ûôԥͻش
Ҷǫ
ȻĻҶǫ˿ſЦ, ǫȻǲṼڴ
Ҷǫ˿ĪЩɬʱ˿ڳ˶ûע⵽Ҷǫ΢飬ѮǳٴθҶǫһػͶǫһﻹǵҪȰԹǫˮƽһеڿ϶ɵ¡ͬΪѮ֪Ҷǫѧʶˮƽġ
˵귽Ѯ˳ضȷ˵ģƾٻزۿģ
ѮⲻǻȣֻϢ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣʷ龭ЩЭͬѧȷʵи˲٣ۿ˵Ƿ˺üļǿ
Ȼֽλϵʱ򣬶ˡԵ漰طУȲȥ̫࣬ԶͳһھпƿģֻҪ룬óִ߿ѧԡ
ʾǻ
ҶǫͷѮ΢˼⻰Ҳȷʵˡ
ЩЭͬЭ֮ͬʱԽԽܹᵽѧôʷ龭壬ʵطʱܹõķˣǺܶôΪΪΪӵݡ
ⶫʵǿҲǱȽˣƿݣѾڱȽʵõĶˡԵʥϵ·ȷʵǲ̫ϲڳ֮ЩĲȻĴ󳼣ʵµЩλʥ֮ǰȷʵʶԲΪ
Ѯضȵ˸лԿƾ֮Ҳڴֽţⷬ˲١ȵ࣬Щɻ󣺡ûи𣿡
ϼ֮гЩ£һȥˡȫûаѵ˵
𰸷Ѯ㶣ʵʲôҵȿ԰æģ
շߣԼ±¶ȵݣʵҲٺЭͬ˽ӴЩʲôշ´Сֻ֣΢˳ְЭͬһ£ҲܽǺܶ鷳
ЭͬὨ֮ʱô͹ľҵ⣬շ˳ǣ¡
ôµˣЭͬͷǾǷǳ˲ĴڣȻͻܵӭЩЭͬˣշڹǽš
ЭͬҲзģ
ʱշطʹЩˣߣÿʮʱĽ̵ЭͬɻѡĸҭЩû˵
ҲЭͬͷһȤˡ
δʲô£ԽɾġȻӦ
ѮһҲǣֵı£ȷʵǺܽ⣬УҲֳء
Ѯ˼תصҶǫƾϣٴθĴضȺҶǫ˻֣ǫȸ֪һ¹ǫμӿƿϢȥ
أѮͷʧӰ٣ȿӰҡҡͷҶǫǿƿеڣ½ͷ֮¹ǫҪˬԼˡ
Ҷǫ̣ûסѮһ뿪Ͱͷ⻰˵˳
ʱ֪Ҷǫڵ£ɻûô⣬ϾͷطҶǫģȥǱ߻ҪǿЩҲڣ϶Ҳھɡ
ȶҶǫЦЦʮɵ˵޷ȥ˽ͷ͹ǫȥӶҲһǺ;֮вһķ羰
Ҷǫ㶵ؿȵЦ̣ͷš
ȫû뵽ԼǾ仰ܹõĻӦ
֪ӶǱʲôȤĶʱǫɵҪҺúȥơһؼ˵Լĳ롣
Ҷǫó
ţȲػعͷҶǫֻԷĿؿԼŷ·ԼǶԷ䱦һζĪȸоһֵķΧΧ
ģģš
ҿðҶǫԼǧ㻰Ҫ˵Ҫ˵ʱȴ׾ѣֻ˵ȫܱԼʵеĻ
ȻҶǫӿ˵ʲôĻأһЦҶǫ򣺡ҶԹǫҲˡԷҲԼһǸ¼ҹˣԼǺҶǫġ
šҶǫԼĻﲢ˼Ҳ֪ӦôԼͷֻץסԼϵ֣͵Ӧ
ȿЦõؿҶǫĶԺϵͳ²۵[һﲻһΪʦΪҵ˰ɣ]
ϵͳԹϵͳ֮Ŭת˺һյóĴ𰸶Ϊס
ͶܱѾ²۹üˣΪάסԼɿûҪʱϵͳһϵйءżΪķȺܿ϶˵[ģ]
[Ҳ̫ˡɱҶǫһﻹء]ȱŶԹŴ˾״̬壬ֻĳǧСְ֣bushi
Ҷǫ֮ȴһ̫õϢ
ٹʱҪˣǻﻹһЩûйԵģʱҪȥһˣǻ֮ǰٰܲæ
ƾ˵ͣʮ꣬ǻԣʵֻͣʮ꣬Ҷǫʮʱø˵һԣڵҲǸСͯˡ
ЭͬͷЩûôˣҪȥμԵġ
ԿҪٵģЭ֮ͬУԾͲ̫Ӱ죬ֻҪٶʱ뿪ͿˡһûУ´λᣬԺƿ
Ȼ˵ʲôء
ÿ飬ջǶԼϡ
ƿ¶Щ˵ǺϢڱȱسЩȴˡ
ںӶɱ䣬ٿƾ٣ڸЩһѶţѾûʲôˣ԰ѳЩְλһ꣬꣬һֱš


95 
ƾٻûô, ¼ȡҲûʵֻ͢պӶǱҪ, ҲյܰѾЩȱְϵ, ȫôˡ
һοƾȷʵֻ˺ӶǱߵģĻҲټȡʿ
ĿƾʱҪãڸ涼⡣
ЩسȥĳǲԼͬĸоԼ¸вˡ
ЩǲƢ, ǵһص, ǾƢ, ҲڳΪһص, Щظ֮ʹͿʼ֮ܶиֱǷŭﲻ
Щǿʹæµһʼ, 뷽跨ŪЩŵ, һͷʲôҲ֪˵ʲô
˭ܲЩسĴ̯ôһʵ۲ء
Щдǲųһ꣬Ǹ¿ĥҲø¿ʱĥǣҪڵطɼһ°
طţֺֻܿһѾ˺ܴɼľǡ
š
Ǳ£ǶǷˣ²Ҫ˶кԼһǣ
ȻЩطںĽͷ, ԼϳŸ߲ƥ꿤
طǣ
֮£ȷʵЩĴЧЩˡ
Ҳ˵Щǵ, ֻЩط¼ûôˣҪ֪һǰЩڵظƶɽˮǵϲһ, Ѿ̫ƽа֮ˡ
ڹȥ, ЩĳɹҲܱһۡ
ֻ˵ȥЩаԵġ
ЩҪ¶Щط˵ּɵģǵȻϣеĴǺͻʵһģЩǺͻʵ϶ŻܲЩͷʵ۵ģͺǰ۵Щʵһ
һЩشǸлɳ˵ĻᣬûҪЩسĴǴͬ˹ϵ
ԭЩĴ󳼰ڸط㽨裬໥֮ţŪöͦģԭЩĴ󳼳һԿͷѩ̿뷨˸ա
ûôõġ
ڲһˣʲôã̫ļˡطţЩصĴʩԡԮ֡
ϾЩһ㽻Ĵǻȥ˵϶Ǳȫİĳô󳼸ģοҲЩԼôԸָӲҲﲻĴү
֪Ǳ߾յԿ롣
֪һʼûа뵱£ϾԼݣǱ߸ؾͻһΣǱȽϹļ֮УʵݳйԭǿطѶϢ
ǶԱµķŭʵģ»һܶಽĵȻҲ̫¶ȻҲ£ЩעӴ໥֮Ϣ
ԭǱ߹Ȼ֮ǰ˰յ鶼ˣ⣬ɹٷߵļ¼Ա޸ģЩͺǼ¼ȴҲڡ
ԭ̶ϵľǺ̡
ԭھ֮ææżǻϡеĶģҶҲͬźͼǱһЩЭͬǱߴĻ
˭ЭͬⶫھʮֵĴ棬ǸϢЭͬڵĺܶ࣬Эͬôţȥ˼Ҳࡣ
ԭ֪̾˴ӡ仰֮УصĻʲôֻҪаٷ֮ٵܰԼ϶ͷ̨֮ġ
ʿũԭ̲ʲôòԵģЭͬǱߺ̵ķЩ˵ıԣ͹ϸá
ԭûǰظ飬Ͼŵط滹Ǻܡáģֻ΢˼˰͵飬ЩĽҲѡĽ߾·ߡ
Լغ꿤߼ĹϵҲ˵ԼˣЭͬᡢó׸֮ڰذεض𣬷׳ܿԭǱ߾ͺͰأظʿߵһ
û˻ԭⷬоĿģϾڴҿԭҪڰһֱϲŻ뿪ģԺЩͷߴһƬǳ
ԭҲڴˣŴЩͷǱȥ˽ȥһЩݺ
ЩʿǺԭҲûȫģͷǽ䱸ŵģɼˣԭ֪ѶϢ㣬Щط̰īٻʮϡ
ʲôٷ֮ٵ󰡣Щٷ֮һǧ󶼿Ըĳ
ֻҪһգնǣ˾ͻһֻҪһޣͷҲһɣѲҲֻܿȷʵǹòף˰ôͺ
֪ؿЩѶϢͷ
ΪȻ֪ͷôɾϾˮЩĶãЩҹүҲǰһߣǻǵڶģûеһָŻʵ۱ĳøС
ôţ֪˶סˡ
İѵƤƽߵĳ̶Ȱ
˽⵽֪صҲûȫ𣬿ԿȻ͸ӲȤϾ͸ܾˡȻ󿤸Ǳߺܿ˵ڶ⣬⣬֪زȥͼ͵ļơ
ļƣ֪û뷨ҲҪȥôˡ
֪ԭÿǺӶǱ߱ͻȻµЩ˸ˣϣõһЩԾ˽µѶϢȥ·϶ѾҪЩʲô˵ˣԷںӶǱߵȫں
ӶǱ췴ûô췴Լȥ껹һ˰գ͢ԵطҪ󲻾ˣǴ۵ҳôҲԼֵġ
ֳ֪زŷһжԼеĲһԿǱߵݹڵ
鰡ĹԱɳƺ֪ĹЦеض֪˵ʵ²ûʲôͷҲ֤˵ʲôʲô
ֻҪԴ룬ҪʲôǾ͸ʲôһԷġ
Ҫɱ˱ʾЩ̰£ǶԸϣԲ©ͷ顭Ա֪ζЦţҲ϶ʲôˣ֪ġ
֪⿤ԱĻɫ˲ͱòÿ
֪ѶϢԼˡ
˭֪ڶĹԱĿΪΣʲôûв
طԱѵ֪Լô˰ȥᱻ֪Լ϶˰յǵȻ֪ô̰ģȻҲǸɵӡ
ֻҲ֪ͬôྩٵλʵ۲Ǻǽ֤ݵģвͳˡ
ЩĹԱһ˵˳֮⣬ҲǶ֤Լʵ
ôʱ䣬ûܹץסЩ˵İѱ˵ˡ˰ǶҪЩͷǵȻҲԸ
ǳ˵֪ں֮࣬Ҳȷʵǲ⿤ԱĽĶˡ
Ķģǿ־塣
һֿ־ͨ׵ķʽصǣԱΪ˲¶ȻԺ󶼻طĿܣԺ󲻹ᰲġ
һĶҲĶ˵֪ҲͽֹĶѣ˻᲻Ϊ˸ж
Σˡ
--------------------


96 
֪زû֮дӦ, ĶˣĳǸ˷ŭ̬ȥ, һͬ۵, Щ˻̬֮Уܾϣһּϵ̬š
֪ǲҲðôķգԼԭǱ߽Ȼ㲻, ֪عŹ, Ҳûиозʲô, ҶڽⲨԿİ, Եѧ꿤ǱߴϢԼظ
֪˿, մҲ˺Լһѡ
ʵܺж, ֮УΣյҪԭ̣֮ͽ֣ѾȡýչԭȻЩͷһҪõĶ
ԭ̵ճԼŵһеţʾͬЭ֮Ļ±Ѿƽ
ھ֮, Ҳڵ˴ӺӶǱ߻
Ȼǿֻģߵǧפ, ǧǧ˻ǴӱʮѿĶǱ߽нġ
ةշǰӶȻ˳жε̬, Լն˺ӶӦն˺ҲͶ󽫾ú̸̸
ܶĴ󽫾ԺӶڵ֪֪, ǲЩıǮҲеλ󽫾һݣ֮Ǻ˵ذնɱЩ֤һⶫ󽫾ǰԼɱ˵ġ
ˣ֤Ҳ󽫾Ҳֻܰϴˡ
֤ݣټϾˣǱȻǲټΧסӶǣҪ뿪ˣֵҶˡ
Ҫôˡ
ֻǧڶʵ̫СˣЩı˼гôǮǧ˲˲߰Ĵ󽫾ܲܽˣܽĻҪһȥ´һˡ
󽫾ԭΪĹٵѵ飬ЩծģⶫǳûˣĻڵģϻղְλأ
󽫾ֻ˸ͷ佫дһմ˸ˬֻűӽǧϽԺˡ
ؾȻ㱨ԼںӶ󣬰µЦ˵ˣΪͶ󽫾дҲû䡣
ڸ󽫾ȥǺ𾴵ģӶȥһ鶼ôʱ﷢ôı£ְƽ㣬˵һǶǱʧְҲ㲻Ϊ£˵ĻȻῴλ󽫾ж˳ۡ
ȶϲĻƽ׼ȷ˵ӦǱľȻ
Ͼʱ򣬾ϵͳɨҪͽǱߵ֤ʲôĲ˵ط飬ֻҵòȫ棬ûԩ֡
ľģǳҪǧŴûǮ
ôĿء򵥴ֱ˵Ǵ۵ĹӴҲȱǮˡ
ֱӴ˴˰յֵĸ鱦
ϵͳĽӲѹϵͳ¸һ飬ȷȫ󣬶ͷкܶණΪ̫棬ϵͳĹҲڱһЩ
Ҳ˰ˡ
꣡
˰գ
òײŰѽǮĳȥôǮҪôܸգùٿ
ǰһڡ
𣡣
һ˵ҲûаѺӶĴȫˡ
ǴıģֻкıйصģһҪĲŻʹɱ֡ȻӶӿڣͷĹԱ˴룬Ҳѡ
尡һطǿĿ涼дˡ
۳˶꣬ԴЩһٶͷԵصİȥҲûô˼ˡ
´мÿظͷжٺ壬ɫ㻹ǺЩ
𸻹ʵۻǱȲЩطЭġ
ڵطʲôģԼͻȻ˰ҪôʲôģҪ¡
[ͳӦÿԿʼ΢ʾһº˰ɡ]ȳ˼ţ̫ı׶ѾˣһÿζԸ
ȨȥһλһƬ庣̵̫ƽ£Ⱦͷû취ͷˡ
ԭǻһģȻͰ֮УȨѾ㹻ˣǾڲûʲôȨ֮ģ˻ûӦλڿʼݲ¼ɿܻЧ
ղŶԼ˵𶫶󽫾̬ȣʱſʼΪ߹ٵ̬ˡ
ھˣ
ֻҪ˼Ϳˣ˵Ѿ㹻öԷ췴ĸǰ
ԼͱعԱȫᳯڸϷôϲŪϷĴԼڻû¹һ
ѫ죬Ϊݵһֱ㡾ְأнĳټ֮ˣʵȨʿΪ¶ĹѾʼϰݸķ⣬ΪƷｫҺһƷ󽫾䡣
Ȩͻ
ȻǵԼӦͼ֮֮ǰЩ̫ļ˲˷Ч˼췴ҪһһԼ˵ĻɺͲοʼ
硭
΢΢ŵЦӦʾںӶûֱӻһת˵ʱںӶˣȻǾͶϢЩӰɣòľˣղְ̫֮壬˼ȥչ鲻ãҲġ
һ㶣ǰȶ˵ļûɶоֱղְλĻı鲻ɿƵʧ
ԭ¸ղֻ֮Ϊ˺Ӷ
ʵںӶǱռ֤ݵʱܱҲоúܲզţԼ´λܻȥء
ھȷʵǸ߹ٺ»°ΣžһԽԽҲгɾ͸Уȥʮﶼǵ̵佫Ȼܴ󣬵˵Ҳ᲻ҲֻżѲ߾ǵʱһؼڱĸо
ȥӶ˶ɿںӶڶѼ֤ҲãǷӶ⵽ΧҲã뿪߽ܳʱһԼо̵ĸо
ûˡ
֮ǰ֪ȸղΪʲôںӶɱʱ֪ˡ
ڱջأȻǴ˽ıֻкӶûʲôط
˵ʱڣ㶯ط
ҲǣϾûˣ.һֱչշɵӶǱˣ֪Ծڵ˴û취ȥһ
Щʧ仹û취ڸǵģ֪ҪеڶΣʱһ壬Ӧּ⡣
ϵı飬ԭԼжϻǺȷǳ׷ϵͳ˵[˹ȻǲܾܾȨƵģղɱ˭ɱ˭ú˭֮󣬶ȨҲǷŲְ]
[ʵɶְͣϢֱӶһ֮֮ϵȨҺ֮ӦѺ˰ɡ]˺ƶϡ
ϵͳı飬ȷʵǺʵڱʧͶԡղְλᣬʱҲ϶ȵĻ[ǵģڶԻؼˣ]
ʵۣȫ֪ȫܵϵͳϣֻҪ˼췴µ˼ۼܱ֤ܹٷְٳɹġ
[ͳ־ǽô˳оûкһЩ]ȴȥǱ߰Ӷı¼Ľ˺ֶϵͳʵ
[k˵һжûʲô仯]ϵͳŲȷ
[Ǻ¡]⻰ȴƶ˵
ɣÿ־˵Լǿʲô£
ôôǿúͻعⷵһ
մۣ־ûб仯ô˵ҵźõ״չŵģ
--------------------


97 
ӻʹҪȥǱ߸ԼںӶ, ﶼѾ˹⣬֤ҲѾһ͵߹, Ҳֻʽ¼, һЩȫѡ
ܼ򵥣ûöþˡ
Ϊ˸λεĴ󳼱ʾӣ鹤ĲǴͷСɴةִ, λةҲټ֮һ, Щ, ı鲻̫Ծ˳ô¡
ûʲô, Ҫ˶ʽּҲˣͰѱ¶İŶתˡ
ةɴ΢Ц, 겹ȫ֮, ʮֹذͳ˴£תͷĳ֮д˳ȥǺʹЩĳǰ칫ڶһŨŨĴζ
̫ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
ֲæһȦɱһ˻ʲô۰»ų١
æնҪΪʲô, Ҳһ°Ǿʱ, ҲֻϢ죬Թļģ
ةһȥǻæ, ǲҪڵİ
ֻݼ
Щĳǲǰ٣ȹ̫ѱּ⴫, ú׫дʱһ鶼ʵֹûаģתͷĿذѿƾٵһ١
Ӷ³ĸĥĥţӶǱߵĹԱǾǵδ
ȻӶЩ˵ùûʲôϵЩš
ЩûѳϵЩԱǵ¡
˭֪ھǳϵЩ˶ûжͣбµĴͳˣڳϵĹԱǲǵһԹͽеĹѡ
Ҫ֪ļҵٵĲһСһСƣճдʫԣ齼̤ģʲôżΪ֮ͷСæھͷǸģЦˡ
ԣ²þǴߴ٣ҲǺܻġ
Ͼû·ĺŻȥ֮УͼûлᣬЩ·ĸӵ˵ԼͷȻкܶŪûҪôڡ
ֻ·λµǻ֮͸ˣĴǶûа취˽ȥ˵ͷЩˡ
ԼӵܣطҲܹģӵܶйЩǧǣҪôأƾپͿˣԼҵĶ˵ĳ·ⲻˣ
йԼ浱ȻϣͰѾķ˵ĿһԼдӾͷĴأЩиԵľӡ
ɺֳɣûпˣۻĿ඼մ״ʵģǿڵĳ˲ȫرܣǴӾģͿûʲôϸǳͺܺʡ
ʵȻˡ
Զ˵ҪԼӵоǺ׵飬ֻҪһֻ۱һֻۣдĳɼȥͺãֻԵĹ˵ǲģҪĵȻǻеڵ
طڵطգŵȫ۾ûôˣǿûλƤȥݻԵĽǰ˽⾩ͷʲôĿͺ塣
ܻʲô⣬Ȼп֪ľЩӾ֮ġھͷЩٵģܶ඼ЩǵӵͬһģʱʱҲţҪ˽ͺܼ򵥡
ǸЩôôЩ˻رһҲ֡
ҪϵοȻǻöԷѱοˡ
طϵôܣţЭͬ˺üȥԺһЭͬɻ˵ȫû⣬˵ȫ֪Щдǳȥûк桢Ůһ£ǳ⡣
ڵȾͺܵЩЩ㡣
ڻԿʲôģȵȻ׼Լˣ׼ȷ˵ϵͳȻѡ
ϵͳæȶԸһױ׼𰸣ЩμӻԵĿ󣬰׼û¹д·Ŀ
ǲһ඼ľ˵أʲôĲɣݿܸĽгͬһģĽ취һͶٷ֣Ƕٷ֡
ڻ᲻пĽڱ׼֮ġ
ôܣ
׼ʲôģȻϵͳɨпĴ֮󣬸ϵͳ֮󣬸ͷķзֵġҪȻΪʲôҪȵ֮󣬲ſʼд׼𰸣
Ȼ뷨ûкͳЩ˵ⲻҪԶûأҶæŸӶǱʰ̯ӣµʽﱸ˵
һ鴦ϣֱˮͷ
һ̧ͷȻҶǫ
¹ȥշģշ뿪֮ҶǫЩ˹ȥ˵˶ԷҲûаҪ˼ֻҶǫȥˡ
Ѿæܳʱˣ΢Ϣһ°ɡҶǫܶٴοܱ⴦ЧʸʵԼЩѾˣڲ֪ʲôС׼ס
Ҳûп˸Ŀ⿴˿ͷȻ˸ϤӰüͷһѾ˿Իˣ
ǡҶǫҡҡͷ֪˵˭ǺӶģȥ֪֮ӶǱ߽ûпԣֻȻˡ
ӶǱߵҲȷʵةȷʵշһЩ˹ȥط֪ɱ˱ԼҪࡣ
ԭةţԼӾҲһôûУٲҪ;һæûڵأڿ¹ĹԱš
ɱҲֻǵٵģСҲɱ˺ܶ࣬ջǵҪæѪ
˵ҪںӶߵ϶û˭оˣܶںӶĶ˶ץ׳˺ӶСĿȱ
ȻûԵʲôˡ
˵ҶǫЦȥʱ򻹱ˣҪںӶͷСںӶǱߵĹ˵Эͬģ󷢴ȱ˷Żˡ
üͷһĸ
Ӧλ̫ܹշ˵Լûмˣ֪Լô֪ЭͬġҶǫ˵ЩλշЭة˰ѺӶúܲмȥĻ¹ңշֱӸնˣǺһǸűµˣںӶѾ̫ƽˡ
ҶǫһС˳죬ûסڵĻʵۡ
ڻ֮ǰںӶǱתһȦںӶǱµļλҲǲģǽЩЭͬǻͦ˷ĵġ
ûʲôӦЩ¹ںӶշ޾ϸĸŻ㱨ʵҶǫҪĶ࣬ȷʵ׼ͷЭͬѡš
֮ǰҶǫ˵ģΪԼ޵ĸ̫첻ʵշЭͬйϵ©ȥأȺ󼸴ΰȥӶ̫ǿû˭֪¡
ϾǶԷշ϶ǲ³Լ˭ԼݲǸҲãҶǫҲã̬ȡ
ٲǴ顣
뵽̧ۿҶǫ
˵ʱƾپȻֻԺͻҪȻٸӸԣҶǫڴϿԼͷ϶ᾪŵһɡ
뵽Ҷǫʱʲô飬ʱе֣ΪӸԼӹæĴˣʵ۵ĳ治
ЩȣûҶǫûйԵܡ
ԼſţͻȻЦҶǫЩĪҲЩȣ˿ԼҲûʲô⣬ʱɻػ
ûʲôȷ˾䣬ת˸⣬˵ӦѾʼ˰ɡ
ţϣ˵ǱǰվͿʼģŰҪʱ䣬ԼٹһѮҴҾͻˡҶǫҲǹˣ֪ȻЧʺܸߣȷʵЩ裬֪ԷЩʲô
˵ʵҶǫøȤ˺ЩҲ˵㷲˵ӣûô·߲ʵĸо
һѮʱ䣬̾˿
óͷظ·Чʿ̫ˡ
--------------------


98 
Ҷǫ˵һѮ, ʵҲʱҪԺͷЩԭʵҲܼ, ֮е˼, ϼǱ߻˼ʱƽ̤˻ؾǵ·
һҲˣлμԵЭͬʧˣодȶˡ
Щ˵һʱﻨ˲پЭͬ, ֪ʶⶫΪֻƽûл̫ʱ, ǾͰʷ龭ȫһûѧ, ״̬», Ҳ
ǲ֪ʱˮƽӦǸʲôͣƾ֮ǰѾԵҲһʾ, ǹԵʱ, ˮƽ϶ǱȲЩȥǵġ
û
üͷһ壬϶ЩطָˣЩ˵
ǱõľʲôҲ֪ԾӳĿȷʵѶȣҲˮƽѮ˵µʱЩûɣ˵дˣЩطûô˳, ˱ҳڰɣϾۻʮ, ҶŲμӡ
Ѯ˵ɥҲõǵĸ͡
ǰǿ¸Ŀ, ҿԵʱ򱻰ŵͷʱǵͷȥʱûô, Ҳܷ
Ե̫ˣǱ߷Űʱˣܶ˶ԼûУش˰оٵľӶóչʾˣҺǼλڲ֮䣬˼ÿ۵ɡ
˵Լ˵˵ţЩЭͬǻкϰԵȥЩеЩЩЭͬµģעЩûõѶϢȻзûõϣòԺҲõʲôġ
ִֻҪһ㣬ҪʲôѶϢҵ˶ǱָѶϢţڹŴÿܽӴϢֻҪ˾õϢЭͬ˶ӡ
һԶüԱǹϺ
˵ԸеģǶΪӵܣ˵ܵĽȻưɡ
ҲǣҵȺŵҲͲˡ
ȷʵˣо٣ȴҲֻǶ֮һˡ
ԭЩǰһĹҶǫȥμӴ˴ǣһ˵ҶǫıһеģЩ˻ȥһ򣬶ʱԼ˼һʼǰҶǫԤ롣
ǫǴ˴λԲҲûʲôϾʮۻڴ˴ΣȻһͣұҲȻῪƿǫ̫ѹżһʱ
ҶǫҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôһʼû׼μһλţлûЌҶǫ˵Խܡ
ûеĻԺһȥͷƿеڣҶǫҲӦڽͷǱҲôˣԺһ𻻸ط鵱ط顣
ЩȥԵԭйھڵ̬Ҳƽ
˵οƾԼѡûźǻźģɿЩԼĺԽ֣ʱҲûжˡ
ȷʵ֪˵λԻڲ۷棬ԼЩƵģж˭Ҳ˵á
ҲȷҶǫеھ֪ˡ
˴θ˵ؾ壬ԺܿزۣھѹǵˣϵĲδֲܹϾزۣҲһ㾭嶼ģο˴λԻкһǰ͹Եء
ЩԵ֮УҲڿ֮СģЩҲкܷḻ¾飬ۿδػЭͬĲ
һ룬ҿԼЭͬͷλΨһμӵĳԱʱĿ¶˺Щͬ顣
ǿĻ᳤
ȽһͬĿҶǫ
ȿչֱЦһʼЩشиˣҶ˵ǣʮδҲȷʵۻ˲ˣԻǻԶǹ̶ıԣȲ˾ϲȥҲܺҲûⷽٶʲô
ҶǫܲЩһǫܿҲҪһùĿ⣬ЩȥԵļһǶˣЭͬѹûôɴԼ칫רİԼ᳤βˡ
ЭͬԱԣ£ȻһΰÓЭͬ䵽һº֮ǰȥ꿤Ǳߵ֮Эͬ߾͸ȱˡ
ֻ꿤λ˲һѾӾÓĳ꿤Ǳã֪ƾٺҲ׳.׼μλԿƿġ
Щ˲ģԽͷǱߵ
ͷΪ;ȽϽټ¿ֻ飬ûô͹˵˱ʾҪμӣܲҲǸδ֪ˡ
ȿЭͬԺŻԵԽԽܶȥ³طоϻǷǳġ
ֻһȥЭ֮ͬǰ뿪ʼ˸û
ƽӦñ꿤һЩ𣿡ۿڶ¶Ҫȥˣüͷ·ϳʲô˰ɣ
ڣƽٵЩ񶼱һǰδе̫ƽ꿤Ǳ߹ʱ˵һ·϶ܰȡҶǫҲǣΪ᳤ϰȥ˵ƽǱԿıȽôԶĵطѾԣ´λȥ֪Ҫʲôʱˣڼһ󣬵ʱҪμӻԵһҲ
˵ҲǣôʱˣǸг̼ƻдһŻ֪ҲӦõİɣôѶȻǾò̫
ֻϧϵͳû취ôԶ־ˣǸضäܰѺȥģȌһˮƽҲܻɡ
ȿÿմشؾڵĸ飬ҲûᵽƽǱһ·ʲôֶ˼飬Ҳ·Χ
ֻʱȼָЭͬͷЩе͹ȥɸԺ䡣
֮ǰЭͬΧЩԺܲһֱţЭͬӯˣȻҪչ칤طƶѡҲס֮ǰѾΣ
ۿɼģһλָƾ٣߲μӵǳĶֻ࣬ѰջɲôˣһҲҪǰȱɷõģҪȻͷɲ׼ľӡ
ӱճɼҲҪһҵʱ䡣
ʱѾʶþڳ͢Ч֮Ľˡ
ôʱסջķûǱȽϸ߰ģԱҲôʺϿڻ֮ǰ̡Щͻѡ񵽾ܱһ࣬ס᷿徻
õ⣬Ǯ׬˲ʣôأҲǮܱߵҲûôЩԺɺ׬һס޵ǮԺҲԷøˣô
ȲЭͬԺﴦ飬Լͼָֽ͹ӻǺ𾢵ģΪ˳㻹ʵһԼ֪ʶʱӦá
ˮñľĸ˸ԵǣһԺӺܿھ߷ִˮķʱƲϾ£ǹɾġ
ڻԿʼǰ£ӸǸϿЩڿջЩȤԺ֮ѡ񣬹ѡһ±ȽϹûʲô
ΪʵǷ㰡
ƵˮͿֱڳԡϸɾˮǸɾˮ
ȻЩҪ⸶ѵģЩ͹ǰˮˮԺǸ߸ߵģ˵ˮĶ֮Укܶϴ첹ʲô飬ҲṩЩ֧ǵķͶ٣ЩԺǲں֧ҶǮ
μӻԣ϶ܴһʹӹֻһչӣǮܱ֤Լڼһʣֵõġ
Щܵķ񣬶ЭͬЩ͹ǵõ룬Ҷ⡣
ȻЩϲĻԺͷħéɾûκζֻҪһЩǰʧ١
˵췭ظѾ˼ˣѾ
ǱʾԼ۽ˣȷǿȻ;ӽ֮
Эͬǣ
ʵҲǸ֪ģҺܿʰʰԼԭס˺ЩԺӸˡ
ЩЭͬһĿĵؿԼλšôöҲ˵ζ
ȣ
ҲûСԼʹǱҲûʲôأ
ϾʹݼĵطֻҪ㹻϶ûʵ۸оͲɾ֡
Ҳֻ˸߲ҲԺӽ칤ʱ̲ס΢һЩӦеĶ϶ѡ
ЩϿǿҲǱ棬ʵϵ»һЩˮĹԼ֮Ķ˵ЩȵרҵΧڣϵͳⶫڣȱ©ףҲϵġ
ȸܵЩǵĿ⣬ɿĿһƣת˸⣺˵ƽǱߵ˻ûе𣿡
ûֻһЩѧˡ˻ش
һһ֮䱻ɹת˻⣬ҲʼĻǵ˵ƽǱ߳ʲô°ɣ
ڣһʱظںƽء֮ǰ꿤Ǳߵ
ţƽԱߵļҲ˵ˣûƽǱʲôҲͬڹע˵Լ֪¡
ٽԱǰһܣƽǱߵĿˡ
ֻҪҪٺܶ࣬Ҳֻʮˣڴп֮ŵ
һڶǺӶ꿤ˡ
꿤ᵱȻǱߵģ꿤ǱҪһٻҪٹʮء
ǰӾǻμӿԵЭͬƽͷ
ҪƽЩ¹ϿͿ֪¡
ЭͬȻǸæȥˡ
ƽЩ֣Ǹشˣѽ˵һЩûμӣﳤȥˣڼТ


99 
ɵҲǺ, 飬ʹ, Զμ, ٹ˼ЭͬҲ
Эͬߵ֪Ҳֻ޳׷дűԼĹĹػģЭͬһж֮ġ
һи֪һЩЭͬϲѶ
ЩǼǵķ̫ƽ, Լظȫһķò, Ȼǻ̲סȥ̽ġȻЭͬǶ˵û, һЩСʱ, ЭͬԱ˳ʹлʲô
ʱЭͬӳЩУܵע
ЩЭͬûʲô뷨, ǱͱбȽϿŵ̬, ܻӭЩι˽⡣
ЩϿǿЭͬ˼ɿκе˶л᲻мһˣһȺں֮ڱŶѣҲе˻ᱻȫ˼룬ʥ֮µлϣС
ԺЩȻǻӭ, ֻ뾩ЭͬߵȻˡ
һ׼ҪˣЩͷǼ뵽ûж塣
ЩҲǾͶЭͬû, ˷ĶдôЩ˻ظԵظ֮󣬳ıֻ顣
Щ˻, طΪǼòˣԸǿֻı
ЩȤֻҪȤ, סڸԺ֮УֻҪпգЭͬǾͻЩȥʵϰ飬뵽Щƽ֮䣬ȥ˽Щǵûʲôѡ
ЩԱԽþǰղ̫һܶ˵ĿѾ˺Ӳ򲻺üµʲô߰ģѾǿͷһռȫͬˡ
ɼҲѧ˺ܶԲ̫ӦôôӦԵİ취
ЩͷҲƼһЩ׵顣
е˼üѼӽϣµļ˼ѼײЩԵ
гɹģǱ¿ҲԼû֮⣬ȫũ
ЩĿɿڴʾԭ˰Óܱ֮ô˼밡
Щǲʲôģͷֳʲôû˭֪һʲôܵءѼô񣬶һ˫צӣôͲˣ
˿Цãɼۺ˼ѼԵļݣǻѵľҲȲֱѼʡǮʡ°
ôһôõ࣬ѷóȥˣһúüءǰջشʮִΧŵ˻١
ⶼǷѮˮ෽ӴĽ
Ϣȥ֮Ȼܶ۲ôһǮˮ೧æתš
ȸԺӵʾ˭˭˵ãܶ復ǵԺӶլø죬ͷѧЭͬŪʵׯӸססҲܲˮֱֿ컹ܽʵ˵ªЩֻҪľ£Ҳʮֺÿۡ
ׯ԰ͷĵ͸ˣҪǮŪʲôʯͷɾܺƽͷ·һ㶼ѽţνǾǸŮǵ³衣
˵ˮ෽ӾΪ˾ˣȷˮʵ֮󣬸ɴΧڶܱܶЩķ๤ݱ
ڲߵزǱߵȥһԽǴ۵ķߣԴϴˡ
ôطҪˮ࣬ȻѮڿˮ෽ӵ׬׬˶ٴûϸ֪Ҳмʮ㣬Ҳ㹻ðΪ֮ˡ
Ϊûôͣһǻֳֵأջ
֮ǰн˰ԼС͵ЭͬͷЭͬͿ¹Ƕһƽķֳɣһ˴Ӵ˿ųԺȲ
ЩڣȻǷǳȥԡ
˻ЩũȻǸֲֳͼѼѼУɿѧ֪ʶȻ֪ЩҺǤ޽ͼũϵҲУͬöͷӽӣֲӽûпֲܳ߸
Ҫ֪ũ˵ʳµĸһҹǰţǵĻȫһ
ˮܸѮôǮ棬øʵֳ϶ܸǮİɡ
Щ뷨֪ĵǲ࣬ҸܻȥôŪ¼֪ģԼԸ߲˹Ϲ޽ӵ飬Ҳ˽⡣
ǰѾƽˣֳڣ¼ǲܵģٶȽٲֳĵѾȷˣûнӻǺβʳӡĳ̶ȡ
߼޽飬ҲԹУͺڸиãȷʵúǮʳҲȷʵ΢ðǷ¸ֻѾ꿤ڣȴ˺Ѿ΢ˡ
ûô·ϣЩµҲû̫˵ˮȻ֮еһԱģʲôʱüͷһ壬ڲҵ
Эͬͷ˲ʲôҵȶΪΪ˰նܹϺӣϣŪⷽҲǸմ˺ӡ
ǵԺ֮סĲôԺӽҲͻµʱ䣬ҲûлѶǮȻǮ϶˵ˣ˵Щ˾ͻ֪Լһµ𣬾Ժӳɱʲôġȡ
ǺôǸԺӣ۸ܱܲȴסջǲǣ
ȥҪɽľȥ˻ʮܽᣬֻҪǮͿԵຮġ
˵ô˵Э֪ͬЩ˿϶ûʲôõģһ˵Щ˿϶ͻӣλԲزô¸Чʺٶȣݵ֪ôģ϶Ǹϣóϣһķӳ
˵ģʵҪġ
⻰ʱ㵣λزۣô֪ģ
Эͬգգ۾֪Ϊʲôô㵣ǺȻ˵֪Ҷô˵ģǶ֪𣿡

ϢٴݳȥЭͬǿ϶ϢԴģǸϿĺܶ࿼ǶըˣȻƾʹݵʡ֮Уĳһɴ۾
Ҳ֪°
--------------------
лҪ˵
ҲϣŴȻûеֲӽܣ𾪡


100 
ǵȻ֪, Ҫ֪ЩĹٿɶæˣЩȥⶼһֱ, ٽԱʱ, ҲǲŰѡ
Ҳ˵ڻԾӶûпʼŪأǻ׼ӹĿ֮һЩĸĽţôھֱܺƶ˵Ҫزˣ
°
Ҫϲ飡
Ȼϲ¾͸˺֮ǰͽϢ»صλϵС
ӦǾߴǱ, ҲĹϵͳ, ǵӾζҲ＾, յʱũȻ鷱, ܶ佫ߴģȻ佫æ
ֵЩ˴Ӹ͵, ֵȨְ, ԭʱ׵פһЩв㣬ȫõｫӹÿɲҪжС
µŵĳ購ǲһĳÿο¸İţ۾üȦ
ҾΰȻ岻ݴǣĳ˽⵽֮չ˵, ׵ľͲ鵽ЭͬǱߡ
ЭͬԺӵĴţ
֪زҿġϢ˭ˡ
һص̬, ǽȥ΢ʣȻˡԡĻ
Ҳ˵Ϣɣֻ˵Ǳг, Ѿƻñλϣݣֻǳеλûи, ԲŻ
һͱ˱ûд˵״̬
ЩͷϿĿҲ֪ʲôھӶûʲôйΪҶ֪Ҫص㿼ۣΧЩ˻ˣ˶Թƽ׼Ҳ֪ڸʲôġ
ѾЩȡˣͰ˾ǵȥѹЩµˣ˼ԿǽͱˣֱӰ˶ǣԽ֮ǰŽ
УȺѧⲻ⣬ϣʷ龭ʲôģǾڱʾԱ²⣬Ҫƾ볯ΰɣ
Ǻذ̬ȴ˳ȥȻȺͷȫʵˡ
֪֮͸ˣ˭֪λһһǱµ˼ºܾܿǱµ⡣
ЩֻǵΪԼѧϰ˼ʮʷ龭壬ͻȻĸﲻЩѣһǺܶŹԶĿȴͷһ
ǱѾôǰϷˣһѾȥϷĳˣһͷĵطϷͲΪϷǶȥ˺öǮ˰ء
֮ǰô֮࣬󼴱ҪٽҲ̫࣬һһʱʵģǿЩط۲ѣȻϷĵķ糱һԽԶԽá
ûϷʱʱ̿ѣƽҲܲʲôȻԱµĿ־͵ˡ
ڣЩ֪ܶĻģӸ֮йĿȴһθܵ˱µĿֲ
²֪֮ǰֽ֮ţЩĹԱǸƲⱾλԿܻеĿˣԱ¸ɴ׿ʷ龭壬ȫû׼Ĳ
ѹǽرеͷȥݻᾩڵĹԱʱЩԱ𵱽£һɻĪģ
ԭͬϷдǰֲ
һαֲ˵ƽϢ󣬲յЩ֮ת
ȻûעΪϵͳǱ߰ЩǿҪõúܵͣڲҪСԼʱ䲢ûгʹԵʡ
Ҷǫ᳤ְ֮ˣȫȫϰԼڽΪʷ龭壬ҶǫһĻд꿤Ǳ߻ģ˾һǰ̡
ʼͦʱʲôģȥ˼ηԼ໥ϰ˾ʱҶǫûô״̬
ѧʦڵʱѧϰ״̬ûʦڵʱѧϰ״̬¡
ЭͬǱߵԺҲȫˣѵеʱ䣬Ȼֿʼϵͳʼ鿯Ƶ
Ļ㱨ԼûаѻԵľӸˡ
֮ǰȺͷѮҶǫ˵ʱѾˣֻԼǵʱͦæأ֮˵ʲôģȻͰҸˡ
⵹ȴĻ֢ʲôģϵͳ˸ӣǳĳǿʼӸҪʱ򣬸һѡ
ڶҪʱˣ뿪ֻһ¶һ㣬Щĳڻûпʼ׼
ʱ䣬һ£һȷԼڳϵĴǶס
ҲǣЩô׵ĹԱԼѡġ
Щ˽ˣȥʡǱ˵һԵľ⣬Լĳʷ龭ɲۣ𰸺ϸڿ·øǲЩϷġ˵
ʷ龭Щô󣬵ȻЩǶѧЩǲȫ˼ҺüʮѪѧˡ
ֺҲû̫ز۵ӣʵڹ۳ٿǼοƾ֮Уռֻʮ֮һѡ
ûʲôģǰʡѱµ˼תһ
ʡЩ˿ƾعĸԱǣ
군¿϶֪׼ŪһԾӵˣʲôûŪǶû֮ڿڣΪôûûгӱ¿
ЩԱǺͣͣһҲ͸ĳЩһ¡
ֲ̫ˣ
һΣǵҲûȫֲȷʵǴڻһֵ顣
ҪϵͳⶨһЩԵĿ֮󣬷ЩⶼЩûʲô˼
۵ĿȵǻͦѡģϾȻûдʲô񣬵ϵͳڣʵϸش飬ʲôطʲô飬Լ͹ȥԱɶģ߸Ϣݶ
ͷ۵Ӧ˽⣬ΪƫĿԡ
Ⱦû˼ϵͳЩʷ龭Ŀ
ϵͳȻǲԼ⣬ҲǴǰԵĿ֮ѡģֻѡķΧͲֻǴʱˣϵͳǸͷм¼һЩԿҲУȻۻûгֵ鼮ԼصĿ⣬ϵͳҲԶɸѡˡ
ѡĿҪȳдҪ˲٣˵ûʲô塣
[ûиȤһЩĿЩھﶼ̫ˣҶǫǼһ϶Դó]ΪһЭͬῼ黥ʻȣʮƶһ㡣
߾ͲŴġ
仹һλһԼʦνѡ
ôͱλѶЩʦĹذ
[ҪһЩʲôĿ]ϵͳԼʡ
ȳ˼һնϵͳ˵[ôҲҪǡܲ١ȨĸʱڵΪʲô١ˮƽɣ]
[]ϵͳԣȫû⾿ʲô˼[]
[ѵ˿Ŀû˼Ҫͳ֪𰸺ỳԼ̵ġ]Ĳ⡣
ϵͳŬת³򣬱ʾԼ˽ˡ
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лҪ˵
ĿڹԱ⡣
𰸾Ͳдˣдн𣨿ȣ


101 
ϵͳŪĿͱȽ, ڷΧȷҲʷ龭Χ֮, Ҳû̫, ϵͳ˴һСʱ֮󣬲ŪһЩҪ
˵һЩʵҲٶʮַġ
ʷ龭ϵ費, Ϊӽʱͷܴһʱ䶼ǺЭͬǱһ, ԼҲעͳʵ, ٻǶʷ龭Щ˽ġ
ô˵ء
ƶ֪ʶ, ϵͳЩĿȷʵܳƵϵ꣬ұȸǺִ˵, Ҳϴʱĳ淶, ǿϵͳĴ𰸡
֮Ǳѡ⿴Ŵ𰸶̲סЦ֡
˵ʵٶĵôЩȥûиһ¿
Ҳû̫ĥЩֻѡʮʷصΪһݣʮ⾭صΪڶοݣΪһݡ
ִ˿, ʱĿѡ⣬ҪдݶȽ϶, ÿһⶼǴ⡣
ʵ֮ǰÿĿֻţҲҪǿ˼ڤһ졣
ȸĳʮ֮󣬻Լͦƽġ
ƽôҶꡣ
Ҳʲôħ.jpg
ȺؿԼճԾ, Ѿһֺܹĳɾ͸С
[ͳԭûȻô֣]Ժ֮Ц÷·𴭲, ûеϵͳʲôӦȾͼ˵[ôõĿֻЩĥ]
[]ϵͳû׼Ҫʲô[׼óҲһ]
ϵͳ⻰ȶ˶٣[ϵͳûĵĳ̶Ⱥ񻹲]
ڳôæµȻôѹǡ
ȻҪǣЩǶȥˣ˭ɻ
[ֻǾò뿼Եܺ߻]ȻԼ·ϵЩ³ɺޣ[βμӻԵĿҲֻǧˣ]
[ôֻĥЩԿǷ۵ЩŮǣ]ȶȥ˽ͷʲôĲ״ء
ϵͳĬĬ˵[һŮ볯Ϊô죿]
[ܣһĶ飬жһЩʷ龭壬Ҳûв۵˼άڣһҲˡ]˵Ըԣڵ˻жעġ
ԽԽÿУĥڻԱʼм죬ɴȥʡ˸Ѷ
ƿԱ𣬿ǰδпŸŮӲ룬λŮҪ룬ɿɵǮɲμӡ
ѿѶ˵ȿ˿ſѶػ¹٣ֲ˵ҲһҪȥԣҲɽãܹԣͲڹУ͹һȥΪ١
⻰޵̺֮Ļ¹ٹŮǶ
ʱ͢ڵĹŮ̫඼һģ˹ֻе˲ܳȥһӾСع֮У㰾ͷΪ̫࣬ҲڹС
ʼȴʱ򣬸ͳȥЩ̫Ǻ˵ǲΪ֮
˵Ůܻ᲻һܵõǵʹ͸˻ΪΪ뿪ʹҪһΪɣ˻֮ڻӳһʵΪ̫һ౻ӳȥϡ
⻰ھǸĳ·ܲϣվǸһѡ
λȿ͵Ļ¹Ӧǵȶ֮鶼˲١
ʡǱǰյǱߴϢǾŲѣڻ¹˵ڶͣЩʡĹԱ֮󡭡
˿
ûΪǶԻиѡ˱ǿ̫ˣ
ʲôŮӺͻ¹ٿƿʲôģⶼ¡
Ժܶʮˣ¹ٺŮӺЩ˸ûñȡ
ڳѾŮΪˣѾλŮƷż֮СΪͷչø㣬ȥˡ֮£ŮӲμӿƾپ͸㲻ʲô
¹Ҳһĵԭ¹پƷҲǹԱţ¾ǲǲμӿƿֱٶԡ˴οںӶɻշǡ
ЩĳѾɹѱԲЩطʲôҪԼķӦ
ʵϹٻϢĳ˵ǸϢ׷ڶͣҪô˵˱°֮ǰиԵҹǲõı¶ˡ
ɲǺϢ𣿣
ǼŮӿҪôʵûʲôѵģҲǻһŮˣʲôķҲ졣
֮ǰƾٵĿܾûˣȻһֱţټοĶ࣬ȥƾٵĿûвҲǲõġ
ˮ½ܿ죬ӱԿʼʱ㹻ạ̊́ѿ
Щүȫûģǵ֪ŮӺͬһʾܽܣҪ¡
ξûʲôˡ
֮ǰزѾһΣҲǱµЩȻвǾǶԱ²ȻԱ²ˣǻμʲôƾ٣
˼ȥֹЩ뾩ǣҸʡǱߴϢЩϢ¼ڰ
Щ˷»뾩ڣҲѾ˻Ժ֮УûпܲμӴ˴λˡ
Эͬͷ֪֮ÿ궼ῪȣܣЩͷǿɲ֪Ѿʮˣܶ˿ûʱ;ٵȸʮ꣬⽨ʱǴٹ˻Сһһûˡ
ʱЩҲٶЩʾЩʲôԴЩͷ֮һֱڵľǰ
ûԵıʽʼ
ǧ˵Ĳ뿼ԱǰǼ죬ֻλ¹ٺλŮѡ˱Щ࿼ЩǿŸҲǺ޺޵ġ
ȲЩʵŷӹԼǹͷĻ֮УЩ˻ԸվѡļλŮӺͻ¹ֵóޡ
ҲǸЩһѣʮԼľ֮ƽȡ
Ȳſʼ׼ԼԾӡˢˡ
һʮ⣬һҲûж֣˵ӡˢĹ
Ϊ˾ܼʱ䣬ȵǰѻӡˢŪ˳ùͷ˵˶ʮ鳣ֳٽԵǰſʼ˿ʼ⿪ʼŰӡˢӡˢŰĵطֱӸԼ޵Աߡ
ϵͳڣûп˭лǰõκһ⣡
˻һ죬ȻһŻʵݵɫԾһ𵽴οԵĻ᳡֮С
κγ֮µĿǼȳһʶ¶ڴ˴οԳϵӣæݡ
ʵҲûʲôӵЩЦ͸¥Ĵͷ½½ŽĿǡ
[ԭﷸֳȷʵá]ۡûġȶϵͳпš
ῼٲ֪̬˱ָʾ֮ڽӹ֪ЩԾӡ
ܷõľǣҲƲס棬űƺ鲻ӣŶӶ˵£˾ɷǰһۣ
ʱˣȻǲ⣬˵ͷʮֺƣ㡣
Ȼõ˱׿ϣ
һ󼤶׷׶˷۴ߴٵؿ٣ʾٿЩ𿪾Ӹǿ
ͬǵĴߴ٣ٴóһӳȰȥַӺŲǷݾһݷݵ͵ЩС
ЦݵؿԱµĶͣϵЦһֿԾݺ𽥽ӲеҲãȻ
˿вˮЦؿЩƺѾʵʻһʺš
ô޳ЩĿ𣿡º͵ضѾʼĿʵ
ʻĿһ飬ͷҪƿĲԼһŬԼϵı飬ͷĿν
ЩٷģͷѾ볡յӵĿҵĽ
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лҪ˵
ۣǺùϣ


102 
֮ǰȥ, ʷ龭ռĳɵʱЩǾ̫, ֻǽ, ڿ֮УõʷӺ󣬷ֻ粻Ҫĳɡ
Ǵǰ󷢵ģںĿǰͷšʲôĲҽ, Ϊǰ淢ʲô, ȵԼꡭ
淢ʲôأ
ڿ¥, ŵı֮Ҷǫһ, ʮְݵٺ˿ڲ衣
ʵõӵҶǫĿҲֻǱ龪󣬲û̫ķӦ
ϾҲûдλһҪѹ, 򶨵Ȱʮ⿴ꡣ
ʵݾͷЩҶǫҲͷ, Ҳûеȫĳ̶ϣʮкüĥ֮ܿ˼·Խġ
ҶǫȿʼԼЩȻԼĿ֮ȥѰҽ˼·
γ˶ǻʵ۱£Ȼͬһˣ϶˼άϲ̫졣
ҶǫŻЩĿͦ˼ģžϿ߷ѧӣ϶ڵϸ˼άԾܹ, ֻֻһ׶ģ϶ꪳɳ
Ҷǫһһš
׾ɸѡĹԱ, Ŵ¸ĸģѾ׼κˡ
طҲͬ
ҶǫѪȼһЩǰʮ, Ҳͷ
̫ˡ
óôû׼Щɡ
Ҷǫµ뷨, ǺһֻĻܾܿͻⶼڿ֪ʶäΧ֮ڣϾ³Ŀʵ̫ӱˡ
ʮĻΧ͸ӿҶǫ֮ǰͷּ˴ʷڵ㣬ÿһⶼû취֮뷨ģܽ⿪ģû뷨˵ͲǱҪĹԱˡ
Ҷǫ֪һƬ֮Уж˺һ˱˼ҶǫԼ֮ܿܿжرһ
ǰҶǫйĽڼ֮󣬾û˼ˡ
˴οƿǧ֮н¼ȡʮˣЭͬԵڣҶǫλ֮п϶ͱԼҪ´ҵҪŬʮȫŻлᡣ
ҶǫĿᶨдٶȶʱֿ˼֡
û⿼֮ͣãЩٷ֮ͺܸɴػȥͷȥˡ
ΪʹˣǱθԵĿڿ֮󣬷׷׿ʼóعĿʼ
ʡ֮еķæǣֻƬУЩԱҲҪеʱ䴦
߸ԵĿǵȻֻиƿѲͷĹ˦
ֻ˵ûʲô
Ǵĵʱʵ۾ֳ
ԺȻģЩһЩĴȷҪʾϼģΪϼڲԼģЩԱǾͻȻȻؿʼϡ
ȸ˼󣬷Щ𽥿Լ񲻶ˡ
찡
֮ǰЭͬʱ֪һЩĪ
ʱҲЩЭͬѹեȣֻǵԼˮƽȲЩġ
Լоǰ϶޾ڵԼǱҪ·ġ
ǲ֪ǵףꡮװֳ֮뿪ˣһԹȥǿСĴϣоԼܵ˲˵Ű
ΪʽԣԵʣһλԿСǺܲģ޻ҲиɾĳˮͰ͵ǿʱǸ˵ϵ£ЩǶһڶ쾭ܹľӡ
Ȼʵˣڶ쾭ľþȵһʷϼ֡
ϾʷʷЩǿɿݣ仯ģֻһЩϵĲѣΪĵԣһ仰ܹкֲܶͬ⡣
еĹϨˡ
ڵ쿼ǿԼǰһֱ飬ϣռܸһЩĲۡ
һޱĲ۾ӣ
ȻģϤĲ۾ӣ
Щ¾ӣ·صԼůļһ㣬ᶼ
ǲ֪ôˡ
ԸһεĻᣬԸ⿼һռʮɵĴۻԡ
ʱпĻһӿ֮Ʈ˳ȺǵЩˣܶ˶סһʱ֮俼ſڻɥطس
ҶǫӿͷҲЩ㱣ר־ԵľӣҲֻظоԭǧͷǰЩȫ˻ȥ
ǫҶǫǰһЩλЭͬʹ󲿶ӻϡ
˻ϵĵطҶǫȱһˮ͵ģӣҶǫĿⲻסһߴɴҵϣ˴Цʵǫ㿼Σ˵λԵľرѡ
ҶдˡҶǫ˵Ǹͷ·ֻŬĻȸ
ȣ
⣬ҪõĲ𰸡
ôӣ֮ʮָҶǫҲܿ⵽˱ӦյԾĥЭͬҶǫħצݺݵذҶǫʰһ٣һȻѾӶдˣԳԭ
ҶǫʰֱУɫԾֵЦݣŵţֻдѣû˵ȫд԰
ҲܣһǱߣǫҾֻܻһֵǿңЭͬǺţȻӭǵҲȺ˵֮С
ңҶǫԸ˲ҽ
ЦеؿҶǫģҶǫж֡ҶǫǺˮ͵Ľ˹
ʳ͵ˮ˷ѡ
ҶǫУҲʧȥ˹
QAQ
衯һҶǫҲҵضҵͷصǵԺ֮Уûķţλμ˻Եǿʼ˴𰸡
ͷ۲˵ǰʷ龭ľӣҶǫȫдˣλֻھһȫû˼·ûдˡ
ΪȫĿǰΨһ֪ȷ𰸵ˣЩ˿ʼ鼮ʼоλȷʲôʱһ¡
ԼѶȱ׼ǲеˣȻҶˣ
ǻ´οƾ٣ÿʮɡ
ȼħ
ʵܹдЭͬλ̶ȵĻ
Ȼصϵͳɨ豾λԾӣҪ·ȥ𰸵ʱ֪λ԰ÿ·ĿģҲʮˣԼдȫԾˡ
һ߿û¹д𰸣ȿϵͳѾǰһݾųλԳɼǷ˼
ΪʲôҶǫǵһλ
Ǽһô
ͣʮؿĿƾٺ϶ûġ
ȳ󣬰Ѵϣȥӡˢʮݴݸٿʼ󣬶ϵͳʵ[ҶǫδǲǺ]
ʱ俼һģ϶ʷ֮ĬĬŰɡ
[ǰ]ϵͳشúܸɴ࣬[ͬλĻδΪ»ߵľʦű涼Ǻ֣һʱ۹ڵһ]
ȣ[]һγײһԭ
Ȼ˵ˣҲ[»˭]
[Ĳ˵]ֹؼ˵пܻһ֣дϵͳĳϵͳȻԼһһģϵͳΧڸ˵Ϣ[Էûг]
ĬĬðѡֱӷδ»ʵļƻȥ
ûҲǿܵġ
ϾͬλҪʮŷ֮ҲҪü꣬㹻һӢˡ
δʵۻû֮ҲֻԼŬˡ


103 
Ŀ΢һλ϶ͣ˻ᡣ
ϵͳǱߵϢ, Ȼûʲô̫ʵĸо뵽֪ʷ֮, ɱռ׹ľʦ, ǶʷĴС
ǰЩеŵҶǫϡ
ȻǰøտԼǺݺ.ԼҶǫĺѰ뵽Էϡ
Ҫ˵ҲȫܣЭͬô, ʲô, ڵҲΪԼ㹻, ܹڸҴ֮л쵽ټġ
ʵˮƽô, ܹжһЩ԰ģЭͬͷĴҶҶǫΪ᳤ûʲô, Ҳص, ҵھſڣҶǫ֯ҲȷʵǶĿ
֯ڵʲô̶ءյʱ㱨ʱ˵ʱ;Ǹ׼ϹԾˡ
ٿһۣǺù֣
ŬԼĿҶǫջʼ¿λԵĸѡ֣ܿʮͶʮλҵЭͬ˵֡
ʱȸоŲ̫Ծ
û顣
Эͬͷ˵, ֮ʷ龭ϵĲҲûرĴ󣬴λ, Ҳ֤㣬Ҷǫõһֻ˵Է˼ά
ȳĿȷʵʷ龭Щƫ, Ҳʷ龭ķΧڣù͸, 㹻㣬ǷЭͬͷ˿϶ܹġ
ҶǫõһͷмλĿķûк̫࣬ҲֻҵľͿԿó
ܹǲμӻԵģǸطͷɱ˲šûЭͬμӻԣȫˣλؿμʮֻһż
θǱߵ⣿
Ȼ
ִ㲻Ϻãĸ֮үүģүүҲ֮ҲΪѧϰϺ飬Լҵѧһ·˴ѧġ
ʱ˵ƶˣֻͨ߿ţرƣǷܹϺܶһƽҪӰ֮⡣
ǲƾҲˣȻȿˣǾ;Իᱣ֤ƽڡ
ͱЭͬǱߵǹϵܲˣɿʲôݣһֶûкЩ˶˵ӡˢӵĵطԼ޵ԱߣϵͳŶžһ⡣
ʶܸܿǱߵ⣬ͷðû¶ۣϵͳЩһԳġ
ЩϢûеǼڲᣬǱʾԼоƾ֤ʱƾ֤дʲôʱеġ
ֻҪֽϵϢϵͳÿɨ辩ǵʱͻ뵽ԼϿ֮Уʾʲôѵ飬Ҫӵʱ䣬Ⱦͼǰһˢ£һоٵ
Ȼǰʮ֮ȫûӰġ
һΧ֮ڣðͷӰĿֶƬƬǧǧķΧ֮ڡ
Ҳ˵λ֮УӰҲǽԵѧӣųɶǵ
˰
ȲҪʲô֤ݣȷ֪ʷ֮УҪģһȨĵطжҲö˵ʱЩ˽֤ݣûʲôһƽĿԣһ˵Ӻʡ
[׼Ҫô]ϵͳȻܸܵͷŭС˵
[ģҲ¡]֪ϵͳڵʲôĹҪȥȥ۵档
£ҲԼܣĿ˵[ȳɼȻһһеڵѧӹˡ]
ȵȻ֪ͷ϶޹ڣЭ֮ͬоһԵģû취ȥʲôġ
ܲȵڳ͢˵Ҫ˰գЩسȥĹԱҲһ㶯ûС
ҲֻǸɴԵĽϡ
ȲĿ⿴һ࿪ʼ׼ӡˢ𰸵Ļ¹ǣϵͳ˵[ڴ֮ǰȿЩǸĳĳɼ᲻Ľһɡ]
[нԵĿʮ˵ϡ]Ȳûа⻰˵꣬ʲô˼Ȼϵͳ
ʡǱյԹͷĴ𰸣𱾴λԵĿǲ֪ԼͷѾ˶ͷբʱܻ£ʮָжлʹ𰸵Ļ¹٣һٷɿ˷ݴ𰸷Ķ
α³ľӣЩҲæµ֮ͬ˵Ŀ
Ϊ֪Ҳǵıܡ
Ҳ⿪³ЩĿǿ϶ûа취ͬѴʱʾ֭ȥĥǿԼȺ֮һĥ
ֻЩĿ̫ԱҲȷԼóĴ𰸣ǷǱĿĽ⡣
ڴ𰸳ˣѾĺĴʹľٶ
ԱǿЩʷ龭Ĵ𰸣׷¶Ȼ顣
ԭˣǴطģȷʵķڷ
˵˼ĳ˵ˣȷʵڴ壬֪ûп
Աǿһֱǵʷ龭ԵĴ𰸺໥һԱ¸ݴûκ飬ѾʼǱ¶ʷ龭о͸ǳƺΪһҲΪʲô֮Ҳð˳
ɻԽ𣬹ԱĶõ˷ɣŷ˲Ĵ𰸡
ǰʷ龭ĻشֻһҲǳȷ֮ͶǴ󣬵۲һÿ˶ԶһвͬĽⷨܶʱԶԴֻ֣˵֮֡
ûʵʵʱеʱҲ˵ĳЩ컨׹Ĵ𰸣һȼ
¸ݴȴȷһܻʲôĲۣÿֿܶ˷ֵ
ǻǵһ֪ԭ⣬ҲǿԸֱ׼
ĿʵǿĴ𰸳Χô죿
Ǳʾ°ɡܿ˻ش
Ҳֻˡ
ǧԣĵĹͣ˱׼֮󣬻˵˺ܶࡣ
ʷ龭ԣܶ࿼ûдĿ¡
ǲûйעĵʷ龭ǱߣǽĿۼڸǱߵλľϣλٷֱġ
һʼҲûô⣬Ÿ۵ĿǷһŸݴľӣδаȥѯӦô֮󣬾𽥿ʼˡ
δˣǮˣǱĵľӣҲڱı׼֮𣿡ȷģͬĲ۵Ŀ١
һʱ䣬Ѿ֮һľˣԾ֮кܶ࿼˼֮ҲûټͻȻðһ˼ģľٶĲ۳֡
ȻЩ۴Ǻף˻ôġ
ɼĲۣҲǱı׼֮С
λԱҲ𾪣ֻǳǸһЩûȿڣλſ֮ҲĿص˵ͷҲһ
Щ˼룬ڱ֮С
עľӵĳЩԣҲɻȻ¾ж𾪵˿־壬ֻʵľλǲĸܵ
̶ֳȣѾǳ˱·֮⣬ûܽ͵ĳ̶˰ɡ
Ӵۣ
ȷʵ֪ͬλҪƿǲ֮͵ļ壬ԼЩ۵ĿǸһõĽ
Щ֮ǰǴӦûӦ֮λǰڶȥʲôСԺҲȥʲôС
ÿݾӶλٽģջʮϣʱЩ˵ĳɼ
ʵչϰߣĹɼľѡȻЩѡǰʮͿˣŪĻͲ󣬿ܶò˰ʱ䣬¼ȻҪпȫЩǵȻûʸ˵̫鷳˲ɡ
ϵͳһӲͳЩǻʮͳʵС


104 
֮, һֱɫÿɫ滺Щ
ϵͳЩģϾڿ˵, ľĹĵԼ̶, ܻһ¸ܽܵ
˵ϵͳĽû̫¼ȡʮҲôֻи, ҶǫǸ߸λڵһ, Ϊķ滹Щӳ, ϵͳǱߵķ߳һЩ
͵ǰ, ǰʮľӣĿһɨͿҶǫϤּ
ȻȾͿǾ, Ϊ, һ֡
ۡ
ô˵أʱķȷʵЩд
ҶǫΪ鶪ĪЩЦЩҲ滺Щ
뾩ûиʲôӡ
óȷͳʵϣֻʡȥģһȡпش˴оʥּ
յʥּʡȫ循㵲, ǶԱʥּԡӰӴ˴νΪݸеš
ôң
λ˿ûжԱʥּейκλɣǶ֪ͳȥԳɼ, ѹûиһԵ֡
ּ֪Ǳ¾֪֮ܵӡ
ЩǷŭЩô
ֻйգֻһ, ֮Уǵ˼뻹ܹ, ֻ΢գֱֱоٵֱˡ
ǰطҲۻʮûпˣЩӵֲЩңǰλʵڵʱ򣬻кܶټȨԼӵ١
ڸгɲŵӵܣԼҲڴڼѾЩ·õ˾ټȨϾЩңҲҪ͵طЩ
ڿ֮еһԵģǲϲ£߸ɴǲôӵܣҪЩ˳ͷأЩطǿ˵ûбֵԸðˡ
ֻʮǰһ죬һξͼӼˣûôóЩʮа.žǵαΪӶͷſƾ٣֮ҪͲ֪ʲôʱĹϵԲһЩ˶˰ɡ
Щһ룬ܿͲ³ʲôˡ
֮ǰյҪҪԼ΢һЩĿ亹ð˳ջͷǰûڱǰЩС֮ǰҪôҰпĳɼһ֪˰ɡ
ʥּʡھĬ˺һҲû˶˵һʲôİ̿ʼŰĹ
ֻһŰͲֻǺ͹ȥһֻճǰʮǽв뿼Եѧӳɼȫճȥ
ǧˣʮŸʾԭĹûа취£ݾ޴ֱ֮ǰԵĿΧǽϣǳΧǽȫˡ
ǷŰӣȻҲĶԼɼˣƼ׳۵ĳ
ôôʾԲ˵ȡʮ𣿡Ҷǫһﶼɻ
ŰûйؼûпҶǫ̫ߣûʲôش϶ǱµĹϵʾֻ˶ʾˡ
ӦǡӦǿԿǼλŮӺͻ¹ǵ׿˶١
⻰˵ʵûʲô⣬Щʵ뵽֮еЩǻᱻرעģҲ֮飬һ뷨Ҳܶࡣ
һŸʾճϣȴǹȥۿȻȵ۴ŽͰȥڣҲûɿǽȥһλƷٷĳӿ߳Ŀ俴ȫʲôɨЩڴĿǡ
ˡλҶǫ˵һ䡣֪λǽλԵ٣ºͺƢơ
ЭͬҲͬʶԣ໥˿д˺ܶ
ͷʲôĴ⣬ٶûʲôⷴӦſʥּͷǧʥּ½µȺ˻ʵۣگԻӰԾӡ
ʥ͵ڶһһʥּݣһ¶ŵı飬֮ǰѾ׼ധЭͬλҲû
ѹ֡
ЭͬͷͷЭͬṲͬܶЩֵǻƿûΪ
ȻΪ
ʥּһֱ֣ȴֶ˵֡
˳֮ЩǺܶ˶תͷԼʶģӰԵЩѧǡ
ЩӰĿƲסңԼȻ֪Լҵܿ˳ܲסĿ⣬ͷٰ߳ʥּ꣬͵شӵϴֱغţҲǣԼԵģǲܶҹǾүǲԼģ
ܿͱ͵ذϣɼ㰴ڵϣҲڽšûס֮Ļڼܳһӣôܹܱɡ
û˵ԲеʥּϣѾ֪Ŵ⿼ǰߵλǰǰЩǴʵ˭
֮ȻЩƿ̵ģÿѡеҲǹ̶ģӰԾҲҲˣڶ࿼ǰҲѣǰܿ˴˶Է֣ΪֺϿ»
ֺ֪ûжԥתߵʾλãѾڼԼһˣñֶνǰ⡣
ǰڵڶŸʾ֮п֣ҲûйֻǺܼ򵥵ضǰЩˮһ˵ǧʮ»ֺϿʿ
ǧһȻֻλ֪Լ֮ѾĿšԼ׵ġǾүĻ
ȥվЩǰ˭顣
ǰ˵Ĳ࣬ûӰĿվ˵ʲôǶԼŵĿҲһ˭Ҳ֪ڱݾ֮УԼֵʲô
ǲվȻ˻һѣ⼤֮°Լ֪ģӰĿֱ˳
һһӰĻԳɼڴǰҿȷʵϡŵǰһЩĴڣȴͬʥּԵȫڵλϡ
˴λѶ˵Ǵڽ֪ѣ˶ûмĿҲζŴҶһĲÿҲڵģûӰһλá
жȼŷŭʱѾ֮ǰνŮӺͻ¹ٳɼΣ֪˭ʼߺšӰĹȥһҲźţЩŹӰ꿼Ⱥͷȥ
Эͬ߿ɼģΨһһλоٵͷˮΧҵҽûвμԡҲںԼ⵹ùûĹˡ
ʸ֮ҪֺܶȱĿƾѾǱȻе飬о٣꿪ȻҲԡ
ջٺסڵ⶯ҵȺ֮г˭Ը⿴
ӰһЩҲˣǳˣδæɻ»ع鵽Ա״̬ͬſɴҡ
˴θԻ֮ˣҲȻ޹ƾоٵģҪǣ޹ߣٿƾ٣ʱϣڴ˴ٴμλſ˵
˵ڳи뷨λдٵİ֮£Ǻܸӵû֮١
Ȼؼǰһֱǵǣǻſ˶ǵƣǿĿǽǰġ
չʵϻгĻڣλе֮ˣֻΧ֮£֪˶飬ֻԹˡ
Эͬ˴ӵűβԵλмλһһ㼷ǰ
һǧһʮҶǫڵһֵֻĸʾҵԼ֡
ҶǫǸԼϤ֣ţܿղŻףλеڵҲǸ߸ϵ֣ߺ˵ҶǫϣҶǫ
ǫ״Ԫ
ҶǫҲڻţȻܿԼʱ򣬿˲֪ʲôʱ֣ͰߣϤɴҵӰ

Ҷǫ˫۷
--------------------
лҪ˵
ͨԵĵһǽлԪ峯ʱ򣬿ƾƶȻƣҲֻԺͻԵһǽ״ͷģ״ͷелǽ״Ԫ


105 
ԭȷʵûдҪ, ˵ʥּʱ֣ܳԹˡ
ȻҲעȫ, ô˵ǳʲô, ־ǼһС͹ǲãϵͳ˸ȫҰĵطš
ڵĽȷʵЩã̵Ľ˵ȻҲͬעǸҰֽɹ˿صλ, ǿ͵͵ȡ
ûб֮ǰӿӿŵ, ڿȵʱ鵽ʲôͣ
¡˾, ûжѿ˵ʲôȰĻ
֪ºҶǫЩ˹ϵ, Ҷǫ״Ԫ¿϶Ҫ, ȰҲûʲô, ֻñ²˶ѡ
ȵǾãЩΣյȰԼѾʼ˰ɡ
[ôȨȥЩЧˡ]Ȍϵͳ˵ǹô˵ԼһֱጝȨ񣬌Ҳֻһ̶ȣҲûмŌзŭӡ
ⲻϳɣȰ˼⡣
[һ޷ܵҩ]Ȍϵͳ߶߶, ʲôҩĿͷĥţûĥ, ƼԶҶǫ֪ʲôʱѾˣһ˹
״ԪˡҶǫڴ،˵
ȿҶǫı, ĪһֻʳС̲סЦϲ, ǫ
ûиҶǫ˵ĻᣬҲǰ棬˵ʮ/ʮ
˺ˣҶԸõġʮִ󷽵˵Ͼλʮָ˵Ժѹեľ²ˣֵʱˣ֮󶼻ΪʡͷЩԱһȦصúλҰƵˡ
Ҷǫű˰Χȣֻõһ򵥿޵ҶǫͷЩʧ䣬Ȼܿи۹ץסֱۣ״ԪҶ󌝰ɣȥ·׼νˡ
ûҶǫӦ˾ͱ۸ˡ
ûü˵仰أҶǫæȿȥֻ΢ᴵɴңԼһ϶ǴӯӯЦ⿴ĿҶǫһʱû
ٴѹʱҶǫѾ״ԪѡȻҶǫԼķӦе𾪡
Ȼû˸ҶǫٷӦĥԼʱ䣬ͱ˰ק˸ͷϣֻیĶ״ԪɣպîʱǵõŵȺȿƾ볯ѧӣΪȺ򳯻ӡ
Ҷǫл㱵Ӧ˸ǡ
ҶǫͷתʼԼ״Ԫνֵʱһʥּ͵ʡʱѾʼ׫дŸȥʱѾִҪĵط
ֱ͵ǱߣɾȥӰԹּ⣬ҲоĹԱ׫дЩصĹԱź
Щյż˶ͷһǱߵʮȷԼ֤ݴúܸɾı飬Ǳ̫˵սľˣֻͨôһλԣȻ˽ôˡ
Ƽ˳ȥǸ͢һɡ
ؿغͺǺܿһ˵֮ǰѾܣѾ׼
ЩĹԱҲʶԼԳľӱˣܿѾ׼ľӣھЩϳһŻԵԾܺȻؼеڡ
ֻϧȫûиᣬڻԾӻûпʼⶨʱ򣬾ѾЩ˵ȫա
ʥ
˽⵽λʵŲߵоѾԼûжԹˣѾʼ˼Լôöûɱ½ǲǳΪ˱Ųߵķ֮УΨһϺȵġ
ڸҪƳǵͻõķֻǵͻƿڡ
յӿǱµһЩߴϢĴд̣һҲעԭǵ
֮ǰԭ̵ͻƽȺܿ죬ǲ֪ôģʱļź˵飬·һĻ
ƽǱߣ⼸°ЩˣǱ߶йź˵ԭֺƽļУڶûм˻
ܾúʲôˡ
ܿͲҪȥʲôˣ϶һ𶯣ǲǰƽҾ֣λ϶ϽΧ֮ڵĸ֪ƽǱ߷ʲôˡ
ԭ̴µİذ췴ˡ
Ҳ˵췴֮϶ǱֻƬʮָӣƽĿԼͷܶˣȥͺӶǱͬȥˡ
Ƽ⼱仯ľƣ౻صĴҲܿʶôǶûзƽ⣬ԭ֮Ѿͽ֮еİŵط˰鶼
Ǽһ
ŴƽǱ߷ɱ϶ıѶֱǣЩԾĴѾ֪һ¡
֮£ҪϳȥնĹԱˣЩһֱԤıҪ˰ԾĹԱǡ
ЩԾģֻҪˣһ֤Щط˶ǧַߣԵľȷʵЩ˳¡
ܹԴУֻЩͷѾôѾ׼ˡ
طķӿһûдݵ֮УȻܰĵȥЭͬͷЩԱǻأȻص֮󣬾յһʡǱ߹õϢ
ҪٿᣬҪݾλеڵ¹ʥɱǣҸǰӦְλ
֮£ĵĹҲǹƾǱȾټûʵԭ
ȳĬؿʡǱͳӣиˌЩ¹ְλ
[Ϊʲộ]ȱʾ𾪡
[Ͼʱûеԣôǰɡ]ϵͳϣȻش
[Ҹǳľӣǿˣ㹻˰ɣѵм]ʮֺ޳ܵطʵֻ˵Լģ˵[ðɣݾȷʵûҪɱҡ]
[ǲЭͬǱߵ֪ǻʵۣ]ϵͳʾʡ
[ǌλ˵֪ˣӿͣǲ˵ġ]ȵĵصȻֵʡͳǷְλҶǫԱдźӶة֣[ҶǫǼһ֪ǻʵۣ϶ҪȥӶ˵ġ]
[ǻʵ۰ΪʲôҪںô룿]ϵͳɻ
ȣ[]
[˵Ì]Ⱦϵͳûʲôë[ǻʵۣ˵ᣬͿԲÿ]
պ˯îʱȱϵͳӻ˹
[ҾͲӦôӦᣡ]û˯õرԼĲˡ
ԭѾˣڶЩе˵ǌʵеκȻǺݲĳ
ƾ¼ȡĹԱǲʱǶôķ⣬վʮλǸӶǱ߰ŵģȥ˺Ӷ֮ԺһҲǱһֱϡ
һγᣬЩΨһһܹʥĻᡣ
ҲǺܶһ֮ʱ
ֻƷϾǲлᲽǻΪγǡ
վӲĳֻԼˡ
[ưžͺְܲŵأҪôһҪô͸ɴһطɵ]һ˳ӵû¹ٸͷһߌϵͳ²ţ[ֵط쵼һֱһ˵£ǿĵطء]
[Ӧðƶǣ۲ǳüôûиġ]š
ϵͳ˻˵˸[֮ǰҲоˣطѾԸ޸ģ˵ط.ң֮ûоˡ]
[־ϣ¸ͳһ֮󣬵طԱͶƶˡ]
һоԼִϵͳǱõһСɡ
ϣ͹һ̤֪ΪʲôͷһЩСţµʱ򣬻ѵõ½ſڌ·ſ̵˵кࡣ
أɫصվ˳£ƽطߣǰةԭʱε֪أϵ˼ҽݽϣưԼǧˡ
ԭ̿ߴƽָͶ俤ڣһŭ֮¼ᰲذճƽƽԱѱذմ
ȣ
ɶγ᲻˵ƾ


106 
Ļ, һ󣬶æϵͳ[ѽѶݸҿ]
һ类, ӾͲ̫, ϵͳҪҪѶʱ˵ȳٿϾһһͨҲϵЩʲô̫ı仯, ʲôż顣
û뵽Լôһ͵, ͸ƾն˸ס
ôеط˽ˣ
Ŷ, ԷͶ
úã
ȷٰϵͳǱصѶϢһ, ݲû̫ࡣ
Ǵ϶ģǱѾԭ̸, ֪Էճԭ򲢱ʾԼûҪ췴˼, ƽǱߵ˶Դжģ֪ǴϽظͶߣͼ۱ӦܵǴ
Ȼû뵽Լ˸ӣ˴򷢳ȥ֮ͷôá
ԭ̳ʾ˶Է԰Ͷߵ֤֤ʵһǴЩǳȥļͷѳ, Ҳ֤֤ˡ
ЩЩѪ֮Ҳûȥƽǵ, ǳ˳صȴ϶յ֪ͨƽѣټԭ̵ԷҲ֪ƲƵı, ҲöԾԭҵ˶֡
ܵпĿ϶ӱ޸Ϳ챨
Ȳ֪ӦʲôģһݴͳʵλｫǱߵı, дں;һ֮УƺҲб춯
źܲԤС
[ͳ˵طУҲҪ˰ɡ]΢΢š
⻰˵ģϵͳʱ򶼺ܹسĬһӣŶ˵[˵ĻȫӦˡ]
ȣ[]Īϵͳ֮ԹС
Ҳǣǵطжû˵Ļ׼ȫûˣҪ֣ȥƹҵûеطдͷЩũǼǱѹեٿ࣬ûеطдͷҲٻԸ⿹ġ
꿤ǱܣʳܹӦﵽȻԲҲĳ̶ȡ
㣬ʵڵĴ֮УںܶҲ
[ͳͳİ취Ҳġ]Ҳ֪ԼûжЩджӣֻǰǷȥЩдоȥԼ׵ĵطжˡ
˵ҲǡϾһɽݶ
Ȼ֪ԼʱڳϹٵ˰⣬ԵطɶӰʵš
ϵͳû֨
ȸɿתͷ֪ôοǳ.СϵͳӣһȨ
ϵͳԱڼ䣬ȵǴһֱȴ³˼ҰŸȥƽ쿤ְ֮ʵԭ֤ʱµİհﴦãԭ̻ؾְ
ȵּ⣬ıɡ
ڹŴ֮ͶߵоҲΪ˶ܽܵķΪǶԷʵ̫ԡ
ԭ̱ǴϽĵط߾ǺȻǴʱֻҪ˵ԷѾΪˣ˵ԭҶܾ⡣
ǴˣЩ֪ĳȻ鶼ܻÿ
ű¿϶վԭߵģ˵ԭ̻ؾְ󣬻滺Щ
ְ֣ô˵ԭ̵ĶλǹԱķģֻԭһλؾֻֻܴ֮ھˡ
Էڵط֯һճܻʵ˭ܶԴ˸еġ
ʵȵûж룬ֻǵٰһڵطϣ֮һλԭлŰգѸڿĵطиˡ
ʲôˡ
ѾʶˣЩµģָûõģǷԼƤȫġ
³ֽһ飬ûĳԱ˵ʲôϻȻûбٵŵĻڣȥƽοصǻҪ飬˿ʱ֮˸
ƽǱҲ˺ЩԱһҲǲģŵĹԱſھҪλ¼ȡ¹Աһȥƽ
ʱʮλеߵĹְźǱЩٴһ񣺡£ӰԽʿڵȺ򣬴´͹١
⻰ҲЩ΢΢ֱӣŬڳȵģ
Ҷǫʮʿǳ׼ʱîʱ˳ŵλãҲͬˣ໥̸˽ŴҵȴԭеĴǴǽȥʹ֮еʱ䣬ĵȵ֮ǰǵٵʱҶǫǾͷǵأƺʲô顣
ԴҲû̫Щδ¹ԱǣϾƽǱߵܿЩ¹һǻᱻȥƽǱߵġ
ԭؼھ֮أȫûϣˣ֮ܿҪˡ
Ҷǫ˽⵽⾪׵Ҳ𾪣ͿЭ֮ͬͬš
ЭͬͷиƽһֱûлײԵʰɣ
ӰԣЭͬڵ˵ǿ˵ֶˡ
Ȼʲôֻõȴγ֮ЭͬĳԱûи̶ȥƽģܹæλϢ
˽ƽҪȴҶǫʮ˻ǺƫͷȺģЩͷĽʿ˵ƽ黹еģǵӶǱпҲᵣ֪أ᲻֮ͬġ
Ҷǫλ߻᳤ľͺϰߵȥЩ˵˵ʲôӶǱ߸͹ԱѾｫˣû˻Ϊʲôġ
Ҳû̫˾ðοˡ
ۼմǰױ͸ڳʱʱյ¹ٵ֪ͨǰջԵźöУν֮С
ǸæԼϵţŬͷѧǣŹظŻ¹ٵĲȥ
ҶǫΪ״ԪȻڵһλ̤ʱʶ̧ͷ۸̨ϸӰ
λһֱ羴Ļʵ۱°
ҶǫƲסЩ
ſڵľûа취ϵòģҶǫ֮һζǸεϤУû̫⡣
ñϾҲǻңȻֻ֧֮ûʲôë
Ҷǫͳ̤ʱһۣ͹˳صͷŵ棬֮ǰѧĹߵڸ̨ǰԼһɵλͣ£ʮֱ׼Ÿ̨ȥҶ£꣡
ҶǫЩʿҲҶǫ
ƽɡʵ۵ҶǫͷϴϤĸо
˵ζҶǫ˵ҪϤż˯֮䣬ҶǫҲ֡
ҶǫԴƣȫûԼܵЩǽ߸̧ͷλڸ̨λ
ϤݣκδϣǴЦ⿴ԼԼζȷڸҶǫû
ȡҶǫۣûȷֻഫһǳ⡣
״Ԫɣǳš
Ҷǫհ׵תûлعڸ̨ϵȿڽΧ޷ôкؿҶǫŵ٩ζҶǫʵ״Ԫɣ޿ɺÿ
˵仰Ҷǫſȫ֪ӦôشӣҶǫ⸱㶳ɵģҲ㣬Ҳû׼ҶǫҪʱ̣öԷжඪ
׼˵״ԪɿȤһֻĻ֮ǰ֮ǰûпϵͳͻȻ˳ģ
[ͬλǱߵʷ˵Ҫǰλ״Ԫʹ裬޼㣬Դۼʧ»ȥɽ֣µѰʱΪµ۳ıߡ]
ȣ[]
[ţưԭҶǫһԭʷ֮Ҳ״Ԫɰ]ȱʾԼ𾪵ˡ
ΪҶǫ״ԪɵɣԼǷ׾ӵĹš
[]ϵͳûʲôĻȻѾ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôˡ
ǡһǰʵ̫ˣվ»ͺ˰ɡĻ
Ѿȫ֪Լʲôһ·ˡ
ȳһתͷͷȻðһ⡣
˵ӦûʲôΨһıŮҪˡ
[򵥣ҿԣ]ضϵͳ˵[ǫһܹͬϵˣڽ򶫿ֻʱ˵Ǳߵ˸Сģʹ㿴ҵģ]
˵ֻ¼Ϊ֮˲ܵ޵ĺλ״ԪɼȻ⣬ǱΪʺɡʮָɴضͷ˵ȥˣҲδŮӴﵽ˹̶ȣλɰλ˺л䣬ֻҪʺһ˱ɡ
ȥ̧ͷɵ㶿ǻʵ۱¾ͲֻҶǫһȫԱһԼģǴȫʧȥӦģȫҶǫûκβ
[Ҷǫ״Ԫɵʺ߲裡]ȫûйܳʲôķӦǻʲô£Ȼϵͳǰţ[һλҲˣΨһŮڿ϶޲ɱң]
[ҴӴҲÿǣԼϻûгĺڹԼġ]
[һã]ﶼǻ衣


107 
Ǳ߻, ͷȴˡ
ҶǫԭﻹתšǱ¡¾ԭˣһֱЭͬԺӡ֮, ûԼתع, Ǽͼը
˵ʲô
˵ʲô
ǻôԼΪʺˣ
ʺʲô˼Ǹ˼
ҶǫһûлĻĽʿǣ˶ԼӲǺܺʹˣλЭͬǵǽʱû͵, Ͼǰͷʿڵ, ǲ֪ʲô, ǸоǳϤġ
ǻ˼, ǲǺЩ̫Ƶʱ򣬾͸ӭǸĴ, Ҳһŵ͵̧ͷ, ӳٴܵ˳
ǵʱû˭ỽܹܶǱµĳȻ㶣άסһЩڣЩȫһ挝εĽʿھ֮󣬿ʼҵһ໥š
û˵, ໥֮ʾű˴ĵͳһ
Ӧô죿
ҪȰ
״ԪɱΪʺˣǲᱻΪӰɣ
иλд, ֲɣ
ȻЩ˶ûеȵǼϣĸλдгȰɱ£һӶ֮վĻ佫ϵ
ߣĳ˶ס˵ܲ⡣
λ񲿵Ĵȥ, ѵጝǳô˶ûи㷴Ӧ
ʵҪлʺ󰡣ⲻǲ
ڴۻҳƤС֮⣬ֻһϵ, ѺŮȫɢˣֻҪһлʺǲȰɵ
һŸȻҪ
ƾôʥ飬жĳڣ״Ԫɱǿ빬ʺ裬ְ
Ӱ춼û˳ϵѵøоЩҪ˵ҪȢҶǫΪŬҪƤҲٻЩ߳ܵġ
[ͳʲô˼]Сʵ
ѵûΥӦеʷ̣挝ԼʱϵõҶǫҲܺݵȥ裬Щο˵ϵͳٴתȥͷ˵ı
Ϊҵı鶼ͳһϵͳܿ͵ó˽[ھҪҪȰɱ¡]
ϵͳģ˿ܿͿּһվ˳
[ˣѡеȨҶԥȰɣ϶ڵȴ̬]תͷĿⶼβסڴΣ[λȨ϶Ҫ˱Ҳˣ]
[Ӵ˳нΪϵһģһάͳģ]
Ϊʲôάͳģάλʵ۵ģ߿Ҳܼ򵥡
佫ǱûнӴûʲôģĳһֱȥѹбټ볯ֶĶ飬϶ĳ߲ʵߵġ
ֻĳҵҲ٣϶бʵû
[ڸزǶȱĳҰʵȥӶƽȥӴ˾оͶˣȻҸʱʾ䣬һλگȥһж]
Ѿϵͳд˽ȫľ籾ֻλʷԵĻ
ʵԼŮλͷŵʵǡܲŮˡ
ʵڽͷĹѾʱؾˣ
ʲôȥȰɣҪӣǽͷҪʲôĻԼŮȫĻһڽͷǱ
ܲԼŮоҲǷǳȻ顣
ԼŮλ֮˿ԼŮȨƵûλ֮ԼҲõͱͻǱųնĽ
ұ¾Ȼ׼Щλ빬л䡣
֣ĶǾͷ⽨ɵš
¾ǌʮֿغˣôбľжѡ
ȻڱҪȢлʺҲʮֵĲ⣬ȥˣÿεǷǳ÷ǳӢĽ
һű¾Ϳˣ
Ϊ˾Ϊʲôûⶼ˼ǵ֮ѹģ㱵Ĺ̶ûгӡ
ΧгɵסĳǶܲ⡣
ǌڱµȻûӦ
ĵضһ󣬺üӹȥҲ˻عЩĽʿѾʼСߴߴѾʡҪҪȰɱ¡ʲôĻ
һȺûõĶѹֱһֱЩĳǲ⡣
ҲЩĳǲ⡣
ԭ֮²Ӧͷģ֮£Ҫ˳ִ֣ʡ볯ʮλʿֳʲôЦ
ϵ߳佫ĶУ΢΢һ̧ͷ͌˱ڴԼĿ⣬ʱгɺ飬ɾ،˸Ϊ֣ص񣬺֮лصţȽּ⣬ӭ״ԪҶй
Ҳ֮лعͷǧѾôǰֻ֮ҪģôձҲɹˡ
ڶѾȷ˵˷״ԪΪʺǼȰɣճԼù֮Ҳûðɡ
Ҫ֪ڳпֲʮˣǻλԳɼˣеʮһҲԡЩȰˣʱͲЩıȥӶƽǱȥЩطЩ¹ھˡ
Ҫ˵Щ¹ٲʲôġ
±ô߲Աǳ£֮дҲмĹԱڲҲһжɵĺúõģ
һ۾֪£Щ˲Ǹ¶ѣʲôɻȱǌԼڳеĶλʮֵȷ
ǳڻعҲɿ˾ҲŹأһ۴ӦţȽּ⣬ӭ״ԪҶй
ЩҲˣҶǫһȥ
֪ӦʲôӦҶǫٱ仯ľ֮£ȫ¶ط·һ㣬ſӦţҶʥּ
Щһ볯¿ƽʿȫɵۿԼΧ⾰Ҳ֪ӦʲôӦųλģȫûκ飬оЩͷ˷ǳ֡
Լ⣿
Щ¿ƽʿǻŴҶؽּҲڵĹȥ˵Ƚּ⣬ӭ״ԪҶй
⻰˵ĺù֡
ԼղƫȺʱ򣬸Ҷǫ˵죬İοԼڌͱΪʺˣ¾͸ˡ
дҶӦöԼ⡣
ЩʿҲʼˌԼϴԹ
ֵڸ̨֮ϵĿɿڴˡ
[ǣЩô£]״š
ǰΨһŮ˰һģȥӶ꿳Щ˵ԴǶѪԵͲŭ
ĳأǰһ»¹ȥӶɻ飬ʵ۷лʺ󣬻Ҫˣûٿһµ
ǿˣҿ϶ͻŭϯ˰
ʵȢлʺ£ôֵ
ɸղЩǵķӦҲǲӰ
ȵȴ˺һӣĳһЩ仯Ҳֻζѣ죬،ϵͳ˵[ͳ˵˵ǿЦü]
[Ѿûڣºٰˡ]ϵͳҲľػӦš
һ飺[ôЧôߣ]
[ʡĹǿȣһǹЧʶѸٵġ]ϵͳ˵һ乫Ҳ֪ǲھ֮ɳˣϵͳ˵ﶼ·Щڽ[ûµ㲻Ǳϲе]
[İ]ȿͷҶǫϵͳÓڶ˵ȲŷԼﲻæ˵[ǣûЩ鰡]
[ڿˡ]ϵͳľ˵[룬룬ζԼʮ꣬ǰĿ񻶡]
վһʾֵ֧ʱѾ֪ԼȨƻѾûκϷˡ
ټѾ;ⶵĸλطУ꿤ǱԴԴόŴôʳͲƥ
ͳԭ˶ݡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ɹݵĳҶϣ


108 
ܵƺЩ˵ϵͳ, ȸɿѾԼ, ʮôҲǸ׬, Ǿûǿһµġ
ԼزȥִҲûʲôʧ군˵ҲǼ¡
[ͳʮأ]ȸϵͳ˸, [ڲŹȥ, еʱ䣡]
ϵͳľȻ˵[ǰ, Źȥ۾ѾһƬٲʢ, ⾡ȥˣʮһǽȥ̽, ǻ, ־ڶһӴ˰ÓŶ԰ɡ]
ȣ[]
[ȣͳӡ]ȱԼ[㿴֮ǰұ̬˵ȨûģֻڱķӲ, 룬һλģ]
ϵͳʾԼϵͳ, ʱʱһäĿӣϵͳۣ100%ҵķ
ԼŮ, һ¸ɵƯģϵͳΪĴĸΪ, ûпһҵĳıλġ
ǡ
[Ҫֱȥ׷ɱ]ϵͳΪֻа˱Ͼ·ҵ˲пܻѡ
һҭʾ[һİɱô죿]ֻôһȨ
[]Լϣǰ֮ķǳпܡ
ϵͳԱС
[ʮأ]һΰʱóϵͳһ˵ϵͳǧܰչһչˣʱɵöģ[˵ˣڵطҲֻкӶƽûˣôطпɶڣҲϣģ]
˵ô˵ţϵͳûôο
˵ƭ˵Ĺ֮ǰȺܶҲô˵һԵģ϶ûģԿԣȻʲôȫ˵ʲô
ֺϵͳ˼䣬ûаԱյϵͳ¸ãϵͳûҪչļ˵ҲǻС
ע´ϵͳǱߣתƵϣһͷֶҶǫĿ⣬ֻûüʲô飬ͼҶǫһһץӣʮֻҵƿĿ⿪ʼԵض
ȣ
ܳҲΡ
⻹ϵͳʼϹأ
ΪʲôЩǾȻһûУѾʼִҪô˰ٴʹԼ
ȵǻл˵ǿЦĻѵлѺλӸųȥлʺʲôĲ˵ͺܻҲ˷Ѿ˼һѶδĹŮ
˷оڳ˱Ƚ֮⣬˵õķչġ
ЩЩɿĽΪݣҶǫһףͨͨһȫõĸԼʵһ
ͷҶǫһ£
˵Ȩ㳯ҰҪɰųں֮Уίʺһ¡
ڿԺҲʺûëҶǫ˵ȵԼڳγ֮ͻףʾԷڴ֮еĴ󹦳ʲôҲǳס
ȻʵûʲôγϣԼγ
ʱҶǫ׵ҲͬģȻԼԹλΪסҶǫƽԸûġ
Ĳˡ
ҶǫһǧټΪʦ
ԺԼԷȣͽܰɡ
ԼҶǫŵװ֮ջһֱ׳ʾ¹ͷ˰ȻųǶصԼλϺȲſڼ˵֮ݺǻȥ飬˴γ¡
λ¿ƽʿ˴λԱ죬⣬״ԪҶǫӶةְ֮ۡȷ··һ㣬ʼ̣ϵͳְλŵһһš
»ﻹ״Ԫ֮ǰ˵ְλüͷ΢壬ô״Ԫַʺةģǳһ룬֮ǰλҲһڳеְ־úҲûʲôԲԵġ
лʺǶˣʱ͸ðʵҲʹ졣
ְ֮󣬰ϵͳ̣˵˼ЩӶƽְ¿ƽʿǡʵЩʿǶûôȵĻһֱֱ˳ʵ˿
ãֻǷ״ԪΪʺûһѡ֮мӡ
ԭЩͷҶδʲôڵһ֪Է֮ǰЭ᳤ͬЭͬͷûԺܶҲ֮в֪ƶлᡣ
ƶ͹лͺ¾
ʿ֮кܶʵͷЩͲ޵ģΪֻλԵľ谭ԼķӣĻԾһ϶һ
һʱ;Լ״Ԫ̫ˡ
ǸųǴ֮˳ȥʱ򣬻ʮҶǫļ򣬲֪Ļֻ˵һ䣺ҶֿЩòҲ㣬Ҳһۿ㡣
Ҷǫڻûȫѣ˵һۿ㡯ʶӦлл
õҶǫӦ¶˸ﵽ˵ı飬ûи˵ʲôĻᣬЭͬѾ˹
ȫûע⵽ںҶǫ̸ֱӴյҶǫߣϴžŻ̻ر飬Ҷǫûʲô˵ĵط͵ضҶǫȷţǫλ԰ɣ
֣Ҷǫֻ£Ӧ
õȷ˵ҲʼŻ
˵볯Ļʵ۱£ЭͬͷƵʡ
Ϊʲôȫţ֪ԼһֱصģΪ֮ҲֹҶǫһˣ˭⣬ûκ˻ŵǱȥĥ
ΪѾȫǶԻʵɫ֪
Ǳ£ҵֺҶǫ˶ȵʣ;λ˵
Ҷǫôһ˵λͱ˵ˣҺܿɣ˵ԶȺǲ֪ҪЩʲôģֻߵȺ֮УܸõΪǷ񡣡
֮ǽЭͬᣬҲΪܹ˽󣬶Ǵڻʹ˲֪޸ĵ౨ɡ
Զ˵ѾλڴĳòҪעص㣬ǲݴЭͬᣬҪġ
һ룬Ǿ͸Ӧ˵ǵĻʵ۱¾жô˲ǲ֪ʵ۵ģ־һжܺ
ָôܹıأ
ҶǫҲôţʱԼһʱųǵʵ۵
ԼҫµĻ̬ȣΪԼû˵бٵľڰɣԷǾñôΪԼԱ¸ֲķЩЦɡ
Ҷǫ˰գûҶǫӰյл¹εطڣæ첽˹Ҷǫæ˵״Ԫɣ롣
״Ԫɡ͡¡νУЭͬλѾûݵ˲ֻ¡
ˣ¸ղڳϷ״Ԫʺ
״Ԫǹǫ
ԣҪȢǫ
ţ͹ǫ

λҶǫһֱռźϵЭͬʱҲû¾ͺһ飬˵Լ᳤ͿͷϢȵһϵΪ
һֱΪҶǫҪʦСϷţҶǫȷʵѧϰ˼͸ܹʵ֮еģҲ֧ҶǫŬʦΪҲţҶǫһЩദɶġ

ҶǫһѹͲҪʦɣ
λרעҶǫϵı仯ҶǫԱ´𽥸ı죬ԼŬѹԼϲģ
ܳǵĵأ


109 
λҶǫջȳ², 鹹Ѿˣ֪ҪټԼҶǫȫû˼ȥעЩ˵˼, ȫ˼ŬԼ
ټԼ
ǵټԼ
ҶǫŬҲȫƲסܱǲƮС컨Ļ
Ż¹֮ǰҶǫҲûȫӶ, תͷλ˵˾䡰йرµʱ˵󣬲ƮƮظŻ¹ڵĹ˹ȥ
Զ֮Ҷǫ΢ſ˵Լ˼
Ҷǫʵɻʵ£ܱΪʲôΪǵ, ʵ, ôҲֻҪͿˡ
Ҳʲôѽܵ¡
Ҷǫſȥ, Ȼڳ, ˵Ҫʺ¡
Ϊʲô˵Ļһǲɢ˺󹬣˵г˵ֻҪʺһˡ
˵, ϲİɡ
ǲѾ뷨, ֮ǰѡ񲻲μӱλԵʱȰμţ˵ȥ˽ͷҲȥӶ
ôԵ飬ͰʾԼܶΣΪʲôԼûз֣
ҶǫԼӦúܰյģֻһ룬͵ҪȫȥԼϵЦݡ
ȫĶռˡ
ҶǫԼʮ֮, ҲûбʱеҸˡ
ϲ
Ҷǫֻܿʣ仰ʲôʱѾŻ¹ߵڵĹͷ֪, ǻдŵǣѾڻʹͷȦһܣܷйԼƵ
ҶǫǴ̫࿴ȥ, ΢ɲسҶǫ½󣬲ع
ȿҶǫ㶵, Ц
Ȣ飬Ҷǫ˵̼ȷʵеš
ҶǫŬסԼͱЩŤ
ԭȻﷴ˵ŽҪôҶǫ̸ڿҶǫӣûסЦ˾䣺ˣ
Ҷǫź͹ЭͬͷһģһȣֻɫĻʵ۳ȸ˼ֹ֮ǰ̨̧֮ͷŵĸоһȰַɵüۣҶǫɢȥûҪϤľеЩʵС
ڿȻ̬ḧŵĺڰֻľèè֮ҶǫͷעҲתƿһЩ
ֻԼİڼһֱܵϲ̶ȵ̬ȻҲŪš
οҶǫǵãԼֻèŪʱëֹڼôЩӦǸɵĲǡ
ҶǫĿȵͣ٣ڸԼİɫ.èϣ޳ָڰɫ.èëϣµ÷·Ʒ
Ҷǫָ΢ţҪḧȥĳ嶯
ʶԼʲôҶǫæջĿ⣬ػӦЦỽ¡
üۣһΪ
Ҷǫ˿ΧüȫûĻ¹ǣȷʵЩ·ⲻȫʧȥ̣ûȷ̬ȵʱҶǫȻǲẰһݡ
׽ȻҶǫЩҲ˵ڻʹ֮УҲҶǫʶǸˡ
ǰһֱ̹ȻôΪݱ仯ͻһأ
ҶǫͬЭͬͷһߵȵߣԼĵ뷨Ȼֻèϣ׻ûôӰѴʵֻ˳˳èëЩҰֻһްɣǰкԭū˵Ǹūëҡ
ҶǫֹԭѾ׼Ҫ˵ʲôһ
Щ̫ˡ
Ѿദİȫ罻룬ҶǫֻèϵҲȾԼѾԼо˶Էϵ¶ȡ
ϵĶһ١
ʵϹʱҶǫҲйƵľٶʱҶǫһֱӴͳֻµů¯
ʱȲûоʲô
˵ů¯ĶһЩڲ֪ǲΪԼǰø˵ҪԷʺĻȾöԷľֹЩ̫Ծ
ڻûжҶǫһأһԼܲȫûкǰкͻأΪк²ûһ
ʱҪλ񲿴ȥףԷֱιȥˡ
˵ʱΪȷȷʵʵ˵û⡣
ҶǫʮԼЩɵģԼٵδжҲӦûвʸдڵĲŶԡ
Ͼ˵ҶǫһӦúͬԹϵɡ
ǻٿܻܹϵ£ԷӦûȽӶס˴˵ĽӴ
ͱڣԼͶҶǫԼľϵʮ⣬˺ܶ಻ҪĹע
΢΢̧ۣĿҶǫϡ
˵һֱôͶԷͷ飬ӸղҶǫڣԷȫûκκͷйϵݣ˻ͷĵһ顭
ֻè
ΪʲôҶǫ˵עĻֻè
ȵͷ˿ֻèģоԼʶʲô
Ӧòڰɡ
ҲЩ
ʱѾûʲô˼ȥҶǫ˵Լ֮ǰõֽںɡԼ죬鷢չЩһ
ȳٳûиӦҶǫЩɻֻ
šղҶǫ˵ʲôŽŻӦµ˵鷳ǫˡ˵΢΢̧üôЦҶǫ˵˵ղŹǫڳϿңûбŵ
ҶǫԼʱ͵̧ͷʱȫ𾪵հ׵飬Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôźãԴԹ˵ڳҲôЦ뿴ôİɡ
Ҷǫ֪ԼʱʱĶȤζ˴ŵС飬֪ԷڳĳϣҲᶺ档
˵᱾Сɡ
û¡ЦţҶһˣҲûʲô¡
ʲôȻǲԶԼͻȻ㣬Ҷǫ̲סĿ䵽ǱߣͶԼĿ⡣
ҶǫƲסԼϵķӦָһ㱡죬æɿ˵ʱάҰ
ȻԲЩǣ֪ΪʲôڴϷΪʺҶǫƮƮ֮С
ԭԼڴϱֵ̫ʧΪάóǺһ𾪲ġ
ΪҶǫЩףһֱǴλλʵ۵ǻеΪԼеָҲȫǳÓλνʶģԺҲ
ȷʵǷǳЧھԲȥԼʱʱôʧ̬ˡ
ֱӵشԼĿģȷʵ·
ֻ׼΢̽һ£֮µȣ
ôôáҶǫԼʺ飬һ뷨ûеӡ
˵
Ҷǫڵģ
˵һ仰ҶǫȫƲסԼϲӣҸУǸʮֳٶ۵ˣܸܵõοȱͲǳٶ۵ġ
ζʲôȡԵļһ˵ͺˡ
Ϊʲô
ʲôʱ飿
ԺĳʣŬסԼϲҶǫûסԺϵͳ˾䣺[Ҳ̫ú˰ɣ]
ԼҪˣȳ˹ϵͳ[]
˵仰ʱ벻ҪҲΪǸһԼȾЦݺô
ʶԼһֱѵļһԼ˼Ӧ΢ֱֿյ𣡣
Ҳ֪ԼںԷΪʲôûҪȥԷ


110 
ϵͳյת, Щﶼûж˵ϵͳԼͳı֮, , лģʽ˵[ǺúΪںɡ]
ȥȾģÿζȫ෴۵һֱԼ಻ܡ
ڵ龰˵ĳǶԵģ
һֱ׵ֻԼһѣ
Ҷǫ, ʱԼ˵ż, ף
Լϲе, ϲо
ϵͳ, ԽԽԼԼ, Ѿʼˣ
־һֱ²۷, ʵϺȵŶԣ
ϵͳʱʶԼѡ˵ʱƺˡ
ԱСϵͳѵøԼӦˣӦͻӦݡͳӲİɡ
ݡ
ҭȫȣ[]
ҶǫǺúģ˵仰ͿԸ㶨ˣԷҲû취ôʱһֱЭ᳤ͬλϣŷ
˵ʵʶҶǫϲԼʱ, һӦǾܾų⣬ͶԷ, Ҫȥ̽㣬ȾԼҶǫĿ١ûзеġ
Ҳǵ˶ʮ꣬ͻҪĳ˼ӵԼҲЩ֪ġ
кܴϣ, ȵǺܻܿѡ˫û̫еֱնϣô˵, ʣʮ껹ǿʲôġ
ڴ۵ķչʵƺӷٸǿĿԸһЩ
˶ֻܿʮˣ˵ϵͳǰ񻶣ԼûĿǻĴЩڴ
Ȼ˵ײͺˣԼŬŬ˵С
ôԼΪλӦһЩɡ΢΢˼¡
ǫȶŻǱðݵҶǫ
ţŬŸղųϵ֣Լ١ҡǳԵҶǫӦȿ˹ȥƼԷ֡
Ҷǫգգۣһ¾ͺ͸ˣʱԺԼٵЩǸ
Ȼʲô֪ԼղǵС˼ȫǰͲһ
ԼղŲǶ࿴һ۶ѡ
ҶǫĿʶĴϣԼҪӷһЩҲĸо
ҶǫΧô¹ٹŮڣҶǫվûеȥһԣֻǴ˻˳ȵĶס˶Է֡
Ӳ֮ĴУ˫֮¶ȽڵĸоҶǫĸ֪֮иûҶǫܣԷֻ־ͺôһ
󣬵Ҷǫһ¡
ҶǫãȻؿȣҲԴãȻؿҶǫ
ȷʵǸȽ϶ȤζˣҶǫʱ
ѾҶǫһǳ׺ߺͲ˼ˣ˵.Ϸ˼ȾԼȻҪҲˣ΢һҲûʲô
ƶԷǣ֣Ȼ˲ע˳˾ʧı飬;еɰ
Ҷǫ΢Сһͺˡ
ֵʱƼԷ߳Լͷĸôŵġ
м䷢չҲȷʵǺһҶǫ£Ȼкһʲôȥӡ
ҶǫǱĶ˼ǣ֣ʵĿĶܼ򵥣ڸյҶǫסԼ֮һҪ˳ʧģǱˤԼ
ȻʵǣһҶǫ˿
ȣ
ȣ
ʱȲԼЭͬմʱ̤ЭͬǸʲݵԺͷǻҴſӱʱ׼ŵĴ󿳵ʱĳС
˳˼
˼̧ͷдŲ˼ͺߵҶǫ
[ۡ]Ψһһ˽ⷢʲôϵͳ鷢
ȣ
˴Ӧ໰
ҶǫЩԣղдǸоԼӦʲô
ղӦҪɡ
ͻȻʶԼֻʣ߰ݵҶǫʱ߾æһȴŬԼ̬ȣܻض˵Ҫȥ𣿡ǱʶﶼԼҲҪȥζ
ûѶԷԼһʡ
ȥģ
ֻҪ뿪ȥĶá
Ŭλߵľĳ˲ӣͱ˲һء
ʵǲҶǫǰ¶ģŬԼı飬ĬĬؿҶǫ޹ıһ󣬲ĵ˵ԺǱȥɣĴӦöڵǻȥء
ԼʲôģⶼͬλûжĹ
ȺԵԼԽҲûȥ£Լըѵ̬»ָ
⻰Ҷǫһ㶣Ҫȥ𣿿֮ʲôûҲûжԼ˵ʲô
˵ʵҪһԭڶȷ̬֮ôճ˵
Ҷǫ̲סʼƮС
ϲãҲԸʱ޿̶һ
ҶǫСƮһͻȻʶԡ
ǻʵ۵Ļû¾ͳȥЭͬǱ߶಻ȫ
Ҷǫĳ뷨ָԼ˿ڴǡ
ΪȫԹȥźЭͬ߼ǵİɣ˵֮Լ룬ͼûоܾˡ
ԼȥμӻԵʱôңҲȥˡ
ʱ԰񵥵ʱ˵ֻ֪Լǵʥּû׼Լ֮󣬿Ӱ
Ȼܳ·ƼǱɵֵҶǫ
ֻһȥôԭôһСͲˣЦؿҶǫҶǫ£ǫˡ
ҶǫعͷͿһڽɫŵԼǰƺԼĶǻһ㡣
ûʲôʵۣҲûʲôᣬҲʲô״Ԫ
ͺЩ̵ξ֮ܿϣһЦỽ֣Լ߹ȥһжͬĭһʧ
ֻǲܶٴΣҶǫ̲ס߹ȥڶԷỽ֮ѡ񿿽
һҶǫʵץס֡
ҶǫͻĶŪһ㶣ЩɻؿҶǫֻԷ΢΢ʹüۣ֮ǰڵԣֻΪ˸ҽΧ
ҶǫȷϲģҶǫҲͲҪԼŬӸŬԼǳԣԼȥ˵ԼԼˡ
ϲԼԼϲҶǫ֪ġ
˵ԼΪʺʱǻ֮вϷԾ඼ʵظԼ㡣
ۼĵĽǶʵʼնԷ𵴵ֻԼʼնŵģûʲôرʾŵġΨһģҲֻ˵ڸΧ
ȿһģڶԼһ
ǫϣ˵ʲôأȺЦؿһ
Ҷǫ΢΢̧ۣĿƺڶԼ˵ֻҪʲôͿ˵ʲôӡ
ҲԼǣֻԼٳأҶǫ︡ͷһ˲Լ˵

ȻҶǫԼʲôҪ󣬱ϾһҲǵһεôˣﵹǱȶҪ֡
ѾоԼ΢ȵȣ
ǡԺָ̣Ҷʺ󡣡Ŭ򶨵ػӦ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ҶξʵԼ֪۳磬Żȥִ
ԼҶǣȷʵֻԼٵģ˳ǶΣ֮۶һֱлӦ


111 
ҶǫҲȥʲôʵ۰ȫ, Դȫ崻ôز, ŶԷֱӳĹ
ȶˡ
³ϵʱѾ˵, ղҶǫ¹ǴŽͷҲûȫİ
ǫôˣЭͬǱߺע⵽Ҷǫģʮɻضʵ
ʵ˵, Ҷǫɵ, ӦҪĹĵ, Ҷǫɵı顭ȫǻͷ, ʵ˵Ĳе, ǳ롮ᡯһ˯顣
Эͬߺ, ȾͷͬеڵûлǻʡǱ߸㽻ӺʵϰĹҶǫøЩ
㵹νҲֻҪʵ˵ͺãҲúʲô
쳯ϣλеڵʮ˲Ҫʵ۷𣿹ǫΪ˻ʺȻͱˡȷʵǳʵ˵, ⻰Ļʵ۾Լû˵֮⡣
¾˵ȻЩ¹Ǵʡͷ, ϢҲ϶̾ͻٴЭͬҲûҪʲô
ЭͬͷȫڻԼĶ䡣
ôо˵ÿһǶöÿһǶⲻˡ
˭Ϊʲô
뿴, Ҫ֪ǲڶ棬ƼʼնǸϵı, ȫûаҪĿڽǺ˵ڿЦ˼
ЭͬͷҲſʼˡ
ΪʲôûлҶǫȻˣϾҶǫ״̬ͻʲôҲˡ
ֻǫΪʲôҶǫһﱻΪʺı飿
Эͬ˴һԼҶǫΪʺ󣬿϶ȫܽܣºдһҲãֱӱṦҲã鶼ܵİ
ôҶǫһһȫ˵ӣ
ǺҶǫദҲ֪һﲢӰ»ģҪȻЭͬᴴ֮ǰ˶վǰͷֱ澩ѸԼֵλóɿܵʱҶǫҲıʾԼϡ
οʺ֮λ˵ҲԳƲʲô»
ҶǫǸԴ㣬Ҳ֪ģʵҲд£ܹ׾ٽԼʺ󻹷ǳʲôġܣ
ⶼҪȶǰǸ֮󣬿˱һı˦ôһ仰
ҾûͦҪġرʾⲻҪı׼ҹͬ϶ĵڶݣǷֹǫȷʵǲҪ
ƽˡȰƽǱߵת˱飬ȺӼ˵άٳٲҲûаϢ϶Ƿʲô
뵽ЩƽǱ߹ļλǡ
ʱǸЭͬߵ˵ǶԷˣҪɥʲôģڿȫ
ʵǰճɥʲôĶԷҲдһţʾԼʱؾǣþڵ˰ֱӳ׽ġ
ʱЩƽûҪ˵ѣֻΪԷĹȣûǡ
ڿƽôһǼ󼸰Ͽ£һ󿤾ȻֻʮˣʹŲԾ
ȥЩˣЭͬͷҧгݵ˵
û취ˡȱʾƽιμӻԵӰģ֮ǰṦ̫ˣ󲿷ֶѾ뿪ǣҲѾһͱ¼ù鰸ղųӦѾʼѶˡ
˵ȷʵûа취Щ鷳ˣЭͬͷ˱鶼ôãҲûа취ͷģܿ͸µķǻĳԱҲкܶǵͷȥģЩʱȥƽǱߵģȥƽܱ߿Ҳԡ
ǿһЩϢûӣôһһûʲôԾĵط
Ϣȱʧȷʵõķˡ
˵ЭͬھǵĺͦߵģͷһʣֻҪпյĲƽܱߵĿиȥصĶˡ
жΪ淢ʲôͲö֪ˡ
һ˾Ͳ٣жʮˡϾʱҪæƵģڵײʿ˵ûʲôյ˵ʮȷʵǲ˵ġ
мڡ
Эͬ˵ڶ֪֮ƶ͹лᣬʵֻҪЭͬĹҪǻӭ˼ġټϻ飬˼ЭͬڵҲ١
֪ҪͨԱǸ㣬Эͬ˽⵽ƽҲ𾪡ʱЩֻܶǺʲôˣŬİԼԺпصѶϢŬ
ǹƽǱߵϢûкֻܶ࣬бȽһʱȥţҲз֮ǰȥƽ̶ӣӦѾˣûлء
ƽʶڷϢ
Һܿȷ㣬ĺܴùǻǺŬİԼܴϢ˵˳
ȺռŸϢϵͳڣҲõ©ʲôܷİѸϢű඼ЩԱǹԺ֮ǰѹҶǫһ˵ԼóĽۡ
ط϶ˡҶǫüͷһ塣
Ҷǫ˵ĲƽЩ˲ŵĸ
ʵҲˣš
Щ̵ĳԱлﶼڸʵġ
ɳȥЩдǲûбطǸһĪŬڵطɢڹԡ
ʶʷ֮УЩصĹԱǶĳͲ־Ȼдʫƪ
ԲΪƵģЩȷʵ˽Ĳ࣬չȷʵġ
ôصĹԱһʹ˼Ѫһ
ȫûʶԼѹȳйԱְΪЩشֻҪŬŬЩְλǸŵĴ
ΪЩڵطڿҿңظһٷչǹһһҪá
Ǹ꿤ǱߵҲǱصģҶˣڳʱ򼴱зҲؼҵ湲ͬˣܹĵʱǺԸĵġ
Щеظ֮Уܵ꿤Ǳߵʳʹֲƥ
гԵдģ뷨ʵԱ˵ǸĸˣطҪЩУ¹ȥ֮ǰĿӣǲӦ
ط߿ҲĪ˼ұصĴвǺú÷չطãʼǶϺúõ𣿻Щˢҵ
Ҫ֪ȥطϱʱȿطжԼسȥĴǰûĵĿж࿪ġ
ЩǳȥǳΪ˵طеұˡ
ЩصĴп϶ڷǳԼĻʵۣڵطҪ췴ʱ򣬿϶ȫͿúҸ
õĳôһ꣬ͼתֱ£ȫ
ʲô
Ŭ£ֻԼԭ̸ȥƽǱȥѡ
Ȼƽھͱ.ըˡ
ⲻƽ飬ӦǺûʲôϵɣôЩͻȻôĬˣ
Ȱ˼⡣
ڸػûӣҪȰЩسȥĸλɡ
ȶڵķչоĻţ˵طռеط.ųɵشǱҲֻеײ֧֣оͦݺģɴƽǱߵڴ۵õֵ֧Ĳʤ
ƶظչһ㻹ûʲôչɴеĿ
ʮҲʲôˣʣͺá
ʵȻͬԸȱлְԭ̸쵽ģͨƽİǰҲˡ
ȣ
ˣˣɡ


112 
ȷʵǾñǱߵֻаǵ֧, Ǻһ㣬صĹԱȫظ, кܶǸڸְ֮ġ
һӵ档
ƽЩھмǲɽ¶ˮش, ҲûʲôȨΪִ˾кܶʵְԱǲȫûлȨ
ЩΪûвظһĽ裬ҲǺһϵ, ԺЩԱûཻ̫, Щȫûв, ǿԱԵġ
ҲҪؾһԱ
Ϊ϶֮, طҪУԴɻĵ䷶, ǲҪؾǵġ
Ǳ߹Ϣ, ˽⵽ԭ̱ٻؾְ֮˱С
ʼ¿ֻ˰ղطߵ˲ϵ£Ҳһѡ
ֱӰѵطЩɾڱµ֮Ȼص˰վˡ
˺Ӷ˼ڸʾ
֮ھһֱڽԸű, ʲôطݡ
ԭʿ֮һλԲ֪ҪŻῪʼ, Ծͷĸ½ߵһЩ߲ˣǱȥƽЩ¹Ҳ߲ˡ
ֻиȥӶǱߵ¹˳ȥְˡ
ϾӶٽ, ҷ粨Ѿ˵û̫Ӱ죬ǻЩԸڿӹĳЩա
ȻЩûеĺܶຮ˵, ʲô£֮ǰƿΪ˸ӶǱ߰ŹԱԿģƽǱ߳Ҳйۻ᲻̶Ҳû䣬ͦʧġ
ڸˣôնһְЩȱȡõĽʿ϶ô˼ʿǱȻѡ
ȻԼ֪Լ£Ը˵ǺЩӵȫһ飬Ƶĵ
ƽʱץȥ£ڳῪͱ֪ڸ֮ҲкܶĳЩڡ
ЩһֱԼ߸ϵ˵ҲǸֻ̻̲ܵյ飬֪ȴǵĻôһ
ڷѾ˼ԸǱߵʵѶϢ˴Ǳ֮⣬˽ҲֻЭͬڲЩˡ
ϢԴȻʵڹ
ȴϢȥƽǱߵûг£Ҳ˵ȫûг¡
ƽǱֻʮˣʵάǼһġ˵⻰ʱ򶼲֪Ӧʲô飬ƽǱǳ֮ǰάǺúõرڴ
ƽ˵Ҳ֪صǿͷ˰Ͷݵģֻ֪Ǳߣû֪߶ѡ
ߵ飬Эͬ߻ȥģЭͬô֪ҲãǰǰѰġ
֮λͷǳЭͬľڻصƽ˽֮ĴѰҽݺѰҩ˴ӾǱ˰æ
Эͬ춯ֺ󣬿˾ֹȻλЭͬըˡ
ԭ㿤ͷ֪飬ѹ۵㣬Ȼɴôܰ˵ˣ
Эͬȫܽܡ
ҪÿͷӦ飡ѰǱסø˻
ȷԼĿ֮ЭͬͺܸɴѰϼǰˣڵ֪ЩˣȻߵֵ÷з˾֪ͼԴȿͷ
߲ǿĹָ黹ܱɣֻ±ǿΪȻǲвȣܿ쿤׷ݵԴͷ׽ù鰸
ԭڼֱ֮նݳģֻڰҲܼߣҪõ˼
ⲻò˵Эͬ֯յһ
һֶΣȫһȥϤĽ̵ġ
ϣЩܣھķûСһطǾȥطеķˡ
˰
֮ΪչڼߣĳڳֶңѡֻǹѺûҪ˵Ĵ㣬׼ȵȥ֮󣬹ƾͻˡ
һ£ֻҪӲɵģܸоֵ̬ȣȻƽڵҲٿΪһЩ©˷ǿɲҶӢĻʵ۱»᲻Ϊ©ȥֻƬ˽⵽ԼͼڵΪ
ƽҪȥǲμӻԵӦֻøԼ֮оԿſɿڷʵȥǲμӻԡ
տĴ㣬ȰǱˣٰ¹Ϊԭ̶콵ĳͷǲҲӦôָʾ֮ƨͿˡ
άƽϲһЩҽ顣ƽ˲˽ôְģҶǫǸ˸ԷΪʲô֮µĿ
ȥӶ¹ѾȥˣҶǫȻǲڹȥӶְУڲ֮ǻʵ۵Ĵ֮գҶǫʺ϶Ҫμ䣬ӦõȴٹһʱпȥӶְ
ȻҲо͹Ժ󶼲ְĿܡ
һжǿʵ۵顣
ʵߣ̫ɵҶǫ
ΪʲôֻǻȥԣԸ
Ȼ˵ԼǱߣ֪ҲըҲͱ졣
˵ȾԼԽЩһֻҪһ뿪Ǿͻ顣
޲ð˶ھҧгݡ
ü֮пƲסҶǫ֪ǱطЩµĹԱǸˣʹյ˵ЩһﶼѾԭȥˣЩ˸ʱ䣬ǳ֮ûй̫ʱ䣬ԭ˾ѾߣƽˣάӦƽ¡
ȫݵȣ
ллʱҲˣûбο
֮ԭô˳ƽУָλҳڰյĹ͡
ҶǫŻڲ˵ȣҲƽǱߵ飬굽Ǳȥûעصϣ͵͵ֹ˹ȵָ
ͻȻܵĳ˹һ٣΢΢ƫͷҶǫ˹ȥֻҶǫΪΪ͸һɲ˼ӯӯؿԼض˵
£һõġ
ȣ
Ǵۻã¾ˡ
Ϊ֪ʵݣԶλעλμӹ
Ҷǫһһֱģ
ʹֳҪС
ΪǴ꿤ģƽ꿤ǻȽ˽ǱߵλǸȥƽҲھڡ
ЩѾοҶǫһˣУСϣǶֶֶι
ֹ֪ôﶯֶˣ
ǻδ򣡣
˵˵ȷ֮δķ˫ǲܼôΪǷû˹ˣҶǫһմʵ۳˹ܹܰ
أأأ
͵͵ľٶйעҲֻˣϾеʱҶǫЦǸӣĲ̫ԾȫǴĵģ
ǫһﲻǱΪʺ
Ŵʵйϵ̶ܳȻǺܸߵģʮַţҶǫѾΪʺˣô׽ǲЩԾ
̶ֳȣֻ׽İɣ
ƼҲȷҲͺȻ˴ͬעŵίɵʵãǫ̫Ծ
ͻȻ˵֪ĳ
ôᣬǫһֱҪùǫʺ󣬾ͿĶԾ
ΪʲôҪǫһԲ
֣


113 
ⲨķܼƳ˰, еĿ˺ƽһ³ҲмλȥĴ, ڵء
Ŀûгսͱѹ, ûɺܴΧĶҡ
ڱѹ±ǲģǵĿʵҲѾﵽˡ
ںӶǱΪһڸطϣСıۼֲֻֻкӶǱ߻
˽͵Ǯ, 鹹˰Ȧ˽ȵȡı, ȷʵһؿϲġ˭ܿó, ΪȨ, Щڴۣȷʵı۴
ְҲҪѹ׷, ֳô, Щύ֤ȻѹȥθҪˡ
ҪȻʱжඪҶ֪
ǵȻϣ˹ִ֮£ֻöȥ㡣
ЩǵΪȻҲЧԴƺ⣬ǲûа취
ЩĴоȱ, ֻǶԷطҲֻʱ䣬е˻ûꡣڼʱҲھҵҵڿҿҵ˵, ջصǣ֮ҲֻܸһСëȫûж塣
ԭ»ص, ׼ְʱ򣬸һĻи󽫾, ŸıͷĿԴϾġ
ЩͷĿϻǸؿأҲһЩǵѾ̾Ĵ峤ǲ˿ԼȥԼԴȫ˵
Щ֮ǰЦţûԼˮƽ㣬֪½˰־ܿ˰ղԵôűֻΪЩдΪԱŮ볯Աأ
ǱԤıģ
ƺãЩ뵽֮Уֻ߽ǿƵεĿԴЩ֮󣬰ǺܿͷָžߴܹϺӣʱͷԼĻʵʵյѹǲܵ顣
Ǻư
ʵʵ˵󽫾ʵϽĿعϵϾƷΧ֮û壬ǵҪŸɱѹ
ֻʱЩͷˣʱҲǷģҲδйʲô˽ǡ
ڸؿЩı֪֪㣬Ҳֻ˵֤ˣϾһҶѾԼǱʱ򣬲ͱԷǵ³Ҳֻѡһֻ۱һֻۡ
ϾȥЩʵۿɲ佫˵ʲô
Щطĳ֣ûʵ۾ǲʲô֮ġ
ڸ󽫾ȥЩܳƵϾѵļһУһ߸޳һЩ˵ŵжֲʮ𺳡
Щ佫һֱųĳ֮⣬ڸ󽫾˵µǻֻ֮Լо̶˳˺ܶࡣʺͲֻҪǺģ׼ʱ׼ʹﵽС
˵ֻܿӦе˶ѣⱲӻûдôԣ̣
治佫ĺӣǷǳعա
ǱǱߵĴ󽫾͵Ǳߵĳ֮⣬һֺʵĽˮ⣬˸ĨƤϿԿʲôġ
ȸ͸ĵ
иֱͣͣˣиˮĻˮӦò˺ö˶ȥԡ
ⶫҸ㣬һСƿ˵ҲʮǮ˵úܣԱײСҲõϣȥ붬ֿʱǻкܶʿǸֶˣ־ļ١
˭ñǱ߳أ
еĸ֪඼ڸһУ֪Ǳĳķ겨жôѪܡ
߸ϵĸԼĳЩ峤ǵ³󽫾ԼǵλϣñҪԸǵĻԱµֶΣԼ߲һذɡ
Ǹͷ֮Ҳµʱֺֹڸڰϸλأʱ¿Ҳ˺Щ˵Ƕ֮еְЩ˵İʵ䣬ȥʱǲŴôġ
°Щ˽ǶҲҪʲôɣ
󽫾Ⱥ󶼿ʼĥ㣬֪θ֮УǸԵ±ĴǣȷʵѾԵͷȥ֮ͬ
°ЩˣҲ׼ֻ𣿸󽫾ľս
һֱĹΪر߽ƽҰ
˵ҪϸǸҲкܶë֮ǰʧְһⲻ˵ġ
£ǶĹ
ΪģҲᵣıĳĻʵ۶ǻ췴û̫Լء
۵佫Ǹֻţڽÿһ궼ỻ£С鳤Ҳᶨڸͷȥ
ǵ̷佫֮гֱֻϽϳ͢ƿ
ģʽ֮£ҲдҲΪ˵壬ؾϢȻôһӡ
򱱺ˡ
佫ģʽ֮£󽫾ңֻҪǵ򱱺ΪҪȥȫ۾Ӹ֮⣬ʵֻʰһЩ췴ʮֵļ򵥣лвҲͽֹڲΪڴѾϰΪˡ
ڸ󽫾ΪҲܴʰԼ֮󣬾ôشЩ׵ͷ˾ȥ
ҪҵĻʹһ˾ͺãô죬ɶҺˣְֻǰꡣ
ڴۻʵ۶񾭲Ҷ佫˳۵£λ佫ܹж౰΢.jpg
ȵǲ˽ЩڰºսͣЪ˺ܴһ
Ȼֵ˼ĴУû̫ϵҲڣϣȵģѾЩда̯ʰͻˣ
סǣһҪʮںúϢŬŬ췴
ȺϵظǹţȻյԸ󽫾׷͹ҪϾ顣
ĸ˵뻮һݣ˼
[ͳӣ⼸λ󽫾ͻȻҪϾʰۣôҵĻʵ]ȶϵͳεĻ
[ֻʮϾ]ϵͳػش
ļҪ췴˻ʵۣһʹʮ˵ģ
ҲˣЩ󽫾νҲǵ˴ʱЩ˸Ĵ󽫾ǲһ£ǴҲȽϰЩɡ
ţҲûҪԵ˼
һǴʮ˾췴أӦö
ֻȵЩǵﾩǺȻǾԼ
ԼôҲ벻Щ󽫾ôö˶˵ذѺò׹ĴҲ˰
Ϊʲô
һϵͳÿɨѶʾݣͫ׵š
[ͳǵĵطУдŵ]ȵ
[մԭĿ֣ƽ¡]ϵͳҲʹࡣ
ȣ[]


114 
[û¡]ϵͳľ˵, [ʮ, Ȼܹ, ˵Щطʮָʡȥˣֱӷչ׳ȻѴ۸Ʒˡ]
ȣ[]
Ȳ˵, ϵͳҲ˵, ܱߵķ綼ͣˡ
, ̱, ű޵ë׵ֻèһƬ꣺[ͳŵ]
[]ϵͳĬĬ, ǱʵԼϵͳְ, 鱨ͷʾǰ
ȿٴγĬˡ
ǾܱߵĿ
ȺôҲˣġ
ͺͺӶһÿһظǴŹְڣȫڿȱ
ҲζţѹͲϵͳ˵ģΪԼжţԲû飬Ϊѹûбسдйȥ, ѵġ
[Ҳֻʮˡ]ȱӰ[֮ǰҲԶٺõĶͷ, ȻĵطжѾûˣҲһʰ˰ɡ]
[ʮ꣬ô۵İǶӰɡ]
ԭһµҲŰˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȨһ£
˵ģ
Ͷж, ȥ˶Էｫְ飬˼ѾǺ, ҲͲˣִƾľǲǲĻ

ʵۣ
ŮҪԷеȨƺְ񣬽˴ô
֣
붼Լֵģ
ȻķӦǡ
£ְｫȷʵЩ̫ʡӦ÷ǳɴࡣ
˵ԺѾʼԼϣʹżȥͷǱŮˡ
ԵĻʱԼܻܲȥ
Ǳߴ󽫾˵Ѿˮ޳˺׳۵Χǽɽȶסˣǳʶʶ
ھǱﻵˣΪ빼µҲԼŮ鷳˵ܻʵҲС
֪ԼӲûĳô⣬ܵͱ˭ˣھ˵߹ٺ»˵ûûڱʱ
ѾԼź˵ϿҵؿȣоҪʺ󣿡
Эͬǰλ᳤ҲǴЭͬˣǾ䣬ǾפйЭͬĶ飬Ҳ֪ҶǫЭͬúܺá
ھܴĲ࣬ھڣҶǫóȥþڰ£ȺܶԱЧ
Ҷǫְ֮ȻǲʲôӶةҲ˳ھںͱһ
˵;òģڿҶǫ˶ű°˳ģһºͻʺ󳳼ˣʺƹžȨǱҪί
ֻҪһ룬ɢ˿
־ǾһͻȻԱĻô죿
ȷʵǶű´˾Ҳ֪Эͬͷ΢һЩΪʵ۵ʱ򣬻ΪҪۣǸӿش֣ٻȥ˵ĸܣ˶ԱµоֹǺץġ
˴ʡĹԱкܶ໰Ҫ˵
ʮƶԼǲԱĻģ֮־Ǿ˿ɾͲһˡ
ʱͳģǶ˵ʺǲ̫ʵģ£¹ر°Σ¿ƹܡ
ý˭ģԼǿ϶ûκˣ
ǳڹд⣬ôҲÿͷͺԼұʵδʺ¡
Ҳʦͨ˱¹СУֻҪæȻûʱеûġ
ԭûԥͬｫ֮λǰһڣ⻰˵ڣǰѾһھܽˣ
ΪƾԼѧǰʮѧԼʱѧټϵͳܴʱ鹤ġ
ھһûа
ĸִûȥѧ¹ֿγ̰
о̻ǵǲȫҪ˵ʲôһ㲻̣İŸѲͷ͵ˡ
ȨλʮŬĸʵʲôģȨǲ̫ħˣ
Ȼ˵ʲôأʹԼȨߵʱ䶼ûУֻʾԼ˼ֻǵ˻ΪŹ飬ȥԲŻ˵Ļ
ԶŵĳӣǷΪݺ޹ϵ˺ƹܾʱʲô⣬ͬһ¶
һԣʱͰж
ȻʹԼڱ˼𣬿Ǳ¸ļѪʱԵһա
ԼһȨطĴ
Ȳƽôأ
λ󽫾֮£Ѿûʲô뷨ˡ
˼Ҷŵطеͷˣʲô뷨ȻְصȾ˼˼һٺ»Ȼ²׷ɽ
Ȼ⣬ʣҲ϶һ
ĸ󽫾⹦ôҲֵġ
λ֪Ǳ¸ļı˭ҲȥΨһûɱҪĴ󽫾ʲô³󽫾ּ󵱼ڻصԼЪŵԺӡ
ò˵ͷЩԺסԭˮ໹ӣǾǵ˻棬ѧˡ
Щ󽫾ˣȻҪ´ףģʣ飬ȻôʮȥкԶڱ㶨
̶ϵĸ㶨
󽫾Ǻȷظת
㿴ǴЩͷϾ֮󣬱¶ⰡﶼƮƮطһٺ»ʲô˼֪
յ󽫾ָʾȻܻʣҲǳϡ
֪пһֵ˭ȻǲԶģѾ˸׼
Ȼ׼ĲǷ׼ԼԴԼ֤Ҳ׼ˡ
ʼЩͱɵط󳼴һЩعԱͼǱϴһգ汻ѹ֤źеֿļҲҷˣֻй˳Լͷģ֮еԱѪ
ϾЩλı˽ҲѾʴˣѰϣͷ˶ԼҿѪ΢ſҪ
ǳɹڴ۵ۺ֮ǰΪһȫĴء
ȻҲ˵ȫʣƬϻкܶʹޣкܶ࡭ĳʹޡ
пڶдԱСȱʧСҲȥѹեЩǣΣû취ģйְ˲ܴ
ǺطĳǺ;ЩĳҲͬλһ˰յļְӡ
ȻЩҲǿȹ£ضͷҪ¹Ա
ǵͷӰ¼ȡŵΧڣⲻҶæű´Ǿ΢һ࣬һȰɡ
еĹԱرʾš
ڵطϷԱЩźʡ˺ѹŵˡ
Щ˵ٲģûûҹӰɶġ
ҪǾͲ֪ˣ
һڱͷǹôİɣ
д¶˶񶾵


115 
Щ¹ʲôʱ򵽵طְ, ȵ˽⣬ûв, ֻһȥ, ԽθΪ䣬ĳϵߵĹԱҲҪ佫ϵͬ
ҲǶƶȡ
һڣڵĹиλ㹻, ޹޹ƽȥ, йͽְְ
֮ǰۺܶʵҪ, Ƕû, صΪԼȫԸԵʵˡֻҲֻǹԱƶ㡣
СҲһĳƶ, ҵطڽֹѡ񵱵ذ, ҲһΣںѡȥطְ
ȷԼǸʷϷ֪顣
Ϊʵƶ֮󣬵طԱǹϼߣڵĸСȴǳþøٹڵظɻԵطԱϺ󣬲Сùϵʲôˣﲻȥ
;ͷǶûʲôϵ, ûô⣬һڳйԱǾͶоˡ
ھڵƷְĹԱ, ظһִĻ㾭ſԡ
ʵԭְ̱󣬳˾ѾиоʼسȥĴйҲܿͻˡ
ǾȨȻǲôԸ, ʵһֱ޵ضԱ±Լ뷨
°Щ㶥죬ѿһ, ǲĵɽ
Ҳ˵Щ˻˼˵һ˼˺üְ񣬸߽׵ְܴܲԼţЩһĸЩĴǣ
ž̡
ǲñ¿»б¿Ϊڱּڸǣܡ
µ̬ȺȷǳеĴǶҪȥط֮ǰ߹٣Ϊ°ЩͳȥΪһĶѣҪֵȥˡ
ʲô
صѾְϣڸڼҵԭ֪´ּ֮ҲǸпÿھԼѾ˽⵽¾ֹʱ򣬱ܹǣǣǻû͸
طԱβ󲻵Ѿö˵ȥۻʵҲʶ㣬֣С飬²Ǹڵλ֮ϣҲ˽һ㣬Ӵ֮⣬ԭҲ벻Ӧô̾ˡ
ԭȥ˰غҲиܵСеʱûô˳ֱּ֣ڲ׹ô¡
⵹ԭޱǶʱ˵һģͨȥʷ֪ҲΪ߹һ·󣬲ŵõĴ𰸡
ݲһľҲԭ˷ǳһ顣
һʼعȥʱԭҲǺͳһǳԸ⣬ȫȥһִֵڵģֻڰ֮󣬷ȫǺھڲһ顣
ھͷҪԵĶͬŻʵۣͷһݷ飬ڵطҪԵĸǸָİա
ˡֻũ̬пѣԭΪ˴Щھȥ˰⣬ʵ뵽֮ȥġ
ȫһԭ̸оԼҰܶԼھڲ飬Ϊʲôǻô࣬ǲΪʲô˻ںԼЩԭ
ⲻһʱ䣬ԭ֪֮УҪԼ볯ѧϰյݶҪ࣬ҲʶԼС±صصЩҲкͬĸܡ
Ϊ֮֮У˵źܶవźͷԸظķоͽҲǸλ˼оȥĥı֡
ǻڸλϣǿЩġ
˽⵽ЩǱΪ֮ԭ̵Ǻܸӵġ
Щ˳ȥΪԼŮ볯𣿻ΪЩ֮ǰλͶأ
ЩھǱΪּ⾪ʧ룬ԭЩЦ
ԼûбصĻҲǺЩһģɡ
ΪԭҲȰ˵ԼϵϺõͬţԷԭ̵Ļ֮󣬶ûзϣĿĵؿԭ̡
ǶΪԭһ˼ҲǺѹЩʿھʵϰһԼܹ꣬˺ɡ޳Ϊ
Դԭ̵ҲûнʲôҪЩ֪Ļ˵ˣʼ֪Ҳѭѭ˺ܶݡԺЩ˵˸ط֮Ȼͷ˼ЩԼܹȥġ
ԭ̷űµּ⣬ּ֮Ӧû⡣
ƶ֮ҲˣֻҪйǨϣҲбصĿܣڵ˶ŬɻطԱҲܿ뾩ٵĿܡ
ԭ˼֮ѡͶ˸ӡ
ְ֮ѾԼϴıϴˣ˵ƽصȹԱӦãճ͢ĹҲӦϱ֮ɱ´ãԭŰճΪԳƵʮֶӣҪٸԭְ϶ǲܵģϺö༶ǱȻ顣
ھڣְʲôģھ˵ԭѾûʲôˣȻȷ󿤸ԱҲؾǣھа϶ûڰٷϴ˵ĵطס
ȻдǶԸ⣬ԭ̺ܸɴԼ·ƽƽְ֮
Լ֪Ǳģ꿤ϵĵط̽£֮ǰڰͷ꿤ó֪ĻǸϱҲҵţȥĹǱߵظյԼڴ
꿤֮󣬴۵İ˺֪ܶ࣬ϱ߻ôһ⾰
ԭҪѰŸء
ԭ˵õĵطʵ꿤ţѾ꿤ĿأȥʱһǱߺŽ첥ˣˮѾҪ˸ˣˮˣˮջˡ
صĿǶģ
޻ƥҲǣÿ涼ٲЩĿǰһȻѾ꿤ũϷ԰ΣһûҪ»ؾǵ˼
ԭҲû취һȹҲֻ˶ѡƽط
ƽԭ˵ǰԼΪǽЩԱͼ֮ǿƽǶڻȸԾеİſڶʼֽأԭҪƽ߷չʲôࡣ
ԭȻͦģȻȥҲϣʮҶܹԼԷˣûʲôҲô
ϾҲԭ̳Լǰ˵һв˻ط¼ĴǣҪԡ
ϵͳǱѾԭǱְ˽⵽ЩͳȥĴʲôһ뷨ˡ
ԼʱΪʲôҪڳ˵Ļ
ûЩȥطа
طúԩ
ȫû뵽ԼһֻܹȳôһȾüԼõϵͳҪһøɾôߵЧʡ
갡
ס
õһ˳ƾһ콫ҶǫŲӳ˳㻮˼⼸ûбҪɾˡ
Ҷǫ۱Ȼļ
ǶһЩԻʺǹصĽ̵ѵݣҶǫǲʲô״Ԫ֮ҲܵصѵݣѧûǺɺܿġ
Ȼڳϼ֮ѧݶȫøɾʱᡣ
ҶǫѧϰЩʲôģƫظоķǳãҲΪչ˵ʲôϹһĻ
ЩҲʲô¡/ǣ¡
ͬʱ֣Ҷǫƫͷ۸ղŻں۴һЩ̰ŵշ
ӶǱʼѾȥˣټϱ´鹬ҲȱˣշȻ꽻ӹ֮ʹ̫ϻ˾ǡ
ںӶǱ֪ҶǫΪʺ£շд󣬺ϸһҲ֡
һֱűºҶǫ֪ʶ̣֮źִŵģ¶̬ʵЩģνܱ³ҵշжڱ˵Ҳ롣
Ǳ¶ҶǫЩһĸо
Աµ˼̫뷲ǲһǺҶǫܹһЩһЩ鿪ʼİɡ
շűڵֵĸϷҲԵʮֹ¶ΣٶԱȱЭͬҶǫദĳʱͦõġ
շνǶλףΪϵˣǺҶǫҪڴʱ׼һЩϲΪҲϰ
˽۰žϲʱ䣬׼ҶǫѵصʱշôɴӦȥѵǵҶǫ࿴˶Էһۡ
ҶǫĿ⣬շҲƽػһҲȷҪܾµľ
Ҷǫ
˵ģʼڳ˵Ҫʺ󣬾ȫûֹʼ;ò̫Ծ
Ҷǫо͸ˡ
֮ʼ̵ǵʱ򣬷ǿҪäĿȨҪԼ˼룬Ҫʵ֮ĻݣǲΪЩ˸Ūġ
ÿ
ɻؿ˴üۣϵͳʵ[ɶأ]
[֮ǰλ׼ѧصʱڴôŸ㾪ϲ]ϵͳ˵
ȣ[]
оԼͻȻ͸
ȻѾ͸ˣ̲סѡϲ顯ءԽĥԽ֣նҲɫ̲סϵͳ˵[Ŵô]
̽ԼЩʲôϵͳ[]
ϵͳǾãԼҶǫշ׼ľϲӦûУһࡣ
ϵͳţĬĬԼģʽǻԼͳĽ


116 
ԭҶǫԼ׼ġϲȷʵͦڴ, ԼЩѡΪȵûʲôڵģϵͳǱ֪ϲ֮, ɼ˺ܶ˵Ŀ
̶յ̰汾ͻǱ, ͷ̼һ롣
ŬѲϹȥ˵񲿴ǣ
Ǳ¿ĸʡǮʡ°ʹޣ
Ҳʼĥϲ£ȻĥĲҶǫԼ׼ʲôϲǼȻ֪ԷԼ׼˾ϲҲҪͬҶǫ׼ϲſԡ
΢һܿܺʵĶ
ȻҶǫߵշ׼ϲ, ȻҲҪȥЩЭͬĺֵ׼ϲ
ǳշȥﱸ˲߸ŵʱ, ȷٻ·ֱӾɱȥЭͬǱߡ
ҶǫЭ᳤ͬ, ټûշ, ҶǫǱ߼˰ææź, ϵͳڵҲصҶǫڻ
ȵЭͬ, һͦģȻǾȶ˵ǫҪˣԹǫļûʲô̫صġױ
˵ֵʱ򣬲ֵֹģҲЩ̫Ծ˵Ҫǫױ, ϣܰҸæ
Эͬ˵ҪǫױҲ˼, ԼΪǫеģ԰㲻á
ǫǸеģ϶ȥûиԼ׼ױ, ǫܶŵıǮҲЭͬᴴڵ޵׶ͷͷ϶Ҳ׾ݵúܡ
ٶڼʹ˵׾ݵĺܡ
Ҳ뷨ӸǫҲ㶫, ñ¿Źǫ޵ü㿴
䲻֪ΪλͻȻ˹ǫʺ󣬵¾лʺ󲻺ã־ùǫûʲôƵ۸ǫô졣
ܵ
ЭͬͷʼԼﻹжǮԸҶǫЩʲôױͬʱҲǵȸҶǫ׼ļױҪǰæ
֪Ҫǫ׼ʲôļױԲοһ£
˵˴Ӧ÷ǳˬ졣
빲ǫʶʱ򣬹ǫڽʶ֣һֱЭͬͷ󲿷ֳԱѾʶ֪ôдԼˡȻԼҶǫǴμʱҲԺΧԼ̤ǸƾԺѾһĵط
ȵʱôҲû뵽ԼֶûȥǵǸջԼߵһ
ɡûĳԱǰǵдɡ棬ɡǫϡϵͳڣȻ֪ҶǫǿԳƵƶļױȻͳԼʵ˽⣬ҶǫʮױǸȾòûʲô塣
Ҷǫ˵ɡжľϲˡ
Эͬ˶û뵽ױ󣬵ϸ֮£ҲûʲôõĻʺױˡ
ԭǻЩᣬ˷ѮΪˮ±֮⣬ҾҲզأ֪Ӧøʲôױأͷ֮Ǿ֪ˡ
ûʲôҪˡ
ɡ
ģЭͬͷѪӿţһӦǾԻгԱɡǩԼֵġ
֪ԼܳҶ᳤ɡ֮ϣһϰ̷ֵӣҲȥѧԼӦôдˡ
ȴĿģȥԼﱸõľ޴ĺɫɡ͵Эͬ߹ЭͬͷҲɿϢȥѾдֵĳԱпյʱЭͬԺǩ֡
ȻڴϢʱҲǿ˵ЩжҪҶǫ
˷֪顣
Эͬ˳֮⣬һμʵĻˣҳʵܶڵĳԱǶûвμӣڴӹԽԽãЭͬԱͬԽԽǿҲпġ
ολΪ˵ĻҶǫߣԼλ쵼ߣҲǾ͸ǻ
ܶԭԸϰֵˣͬϵһʼЭͬԼӦôд
ܶ˲Ը⻨ʱȥѧһЩǾѧЩûʲôöѡ
⣬ҶǫΪǮЭͬͷȥûʲôױҲ֪ôģôЭͬͷ˳ȥĳҶǫӳصԼԺӵʱ򣬴͵طԼѾȥˡ
ǿƿԺžͷԺͷѾˡ
Сһ֪ĸӷŽС˹ģ󵽾ϸ滨ľӶУĻһСһС棬ԼѾֻܼѿеһͷͷѾĸ
Ҷǫ
ʲôˣԺǱҲ԰ٲӦԺɸɾģŶܷѾ
סҶǫڵķѮԷڻˣƿԼԺŶҶǫǴͱЦֱҶǫ֣ǫԺӿͷһˡ
ҶǫŷѮı֪һ϶֪Щʲô侲ԼԺŷѮǱ˹ȥȻ󵽷ѮԺͷͷֶԷԺҲ˸ǱһҵĸƷ
ⷢʲôˣҶǫԴʺš
ѮֹסЦǸҶǫش𣺡ԺӣҵԺӣΧԺڶһ
ЩǳڳİǸޡ˵ǻ᳤ҪʺˣôûʮױءѮ˵棬˵Цŵģﻹ͸˳Ľ
ȫױʮױͷĶֵһ˭˵ŲǷأ
˵ֺлʺ˴
Ҷǫһ㶣װͷԺЩҶѻŵĸƷĿǵģҲûйϼӡ
˵漸ֵʱҶǫֺϧԺӰԺЩȫӶŷѮ˵ôҶѶûȥɣǮأõġ
иʲôǮѮ˸ۣҶǫ²˾䣬úõĲԼǵǮţȫͶͷȥˡ
Ҷǫһ޹ӿŷѮȫûа㷴ʡԼ˼ſһûӵķѮ˵ôҹҲȺܶҪˡ
ûˡշѮ˵ǫɣҶûдּǺţǵҪ˻ȥܶ˶Ժһܣ˭֪
Ҷǫ𰸣ƿԡ
ڷѮͷǱߴպһϣڶҶǫ𴲿ԺﱻĶԽԽˡ
ȷʵ˭Ķ֪
Ҷǫ˹շ˵ˡ
֮ǰҲûҶǫôױվǰǵ黹̶ϸճʮױֹܶʮ
Ȼ˲ȥǵȻҪúöԴЩױʱҪ빬ŶҪѺܳʱ䣬Ҫ°Źˡ
չԼǸѾдɵɡоԼ֪ΪʲôᷢչˣЩؿŴ鼴ʼʼ޸ļױ빬̵Ҷǫշ
İ֮ԸҶǫױҲǵĶԷʹڻίɡ
֮ǰԼȥЭͬ˵ױʱ˵뷨һ
룬ûôҷŸĺˡ
ҲûʲôϣˣһЩʵҲûʲô̫ŵıҪʮ꣬ôҵЩеû顣
Ҷǫշȥ֮ȶշк£շͷӸ׵ݰɣǼܾͰڻʹϣǱ߿ðǶһ𿴿
²Ҫùǫ֪Ҫһ


117 
ڱµҪ, շȻϵģǺЭͬ˱źһҶǫױ, һֱҪҲûٴγ֡
ɻ, Ҳ֪ӦȥȥҶǫҲֻ˵ЩʱձȽæʲôĻǹϼѰ֮Ļ
ҶǫĻ֪֮ûгµǰ˲, ͬҲ͸¶ҶǫʶҪ, ȷϹ̶ûоܻش, ȻѾ֪¡
ƫģ
֪ʲôʱŻ, ֻһԼ׼õױһҶǫ
ʵ̫ˣҶǫʱѾƾЩʲô, 俴ЩҲûи̫صĶ¡
ױ֮, Ψ֪ʵɫ˷ڴǾҪƽǱˣ´λصǾͲ֪ʲôʱԥ˻󣬻ǶҶǫ˵ǫҪԱºúõİ
˵Ļ˱ɻ, ͱͱλЦ˵, ǡǫҪڹúõģίţһ뷨ӵġ𣿡
λûӦ⻰, ҶǫЦЦسŵţ, һġ
뷨̫˽˽·һľУ֪ǻʵ֮͸ˡ
Ƕ֪ҲһĶΪ˰գѹںǰ˶ֶµ
ΪʵۣǵȻԼôһλ¸еǳҫЭͬôҲԸ¶ͷĻ͸ˡ
Ҷǫ˽͵͵йǫԱߣҲ࿼ǿԼһɡ
ɻϿȥܾ֮գ˵һʲôԼ֪顣
нʿģ͵͵ʲô𣿡һ첲˸첲ϣһв˶ߡ
˱һҲûбȳʲôֻǰλݺ.˷
Эͬͷ˲²ǷҪױʲôʱŻ͵ʱɿؾ˴һ졣
ҶǫһжѸٵر˴ɫ
ͷ仹ǽŮװҶǫӣټ϶˵ӿŶһ̣ʵеԽܣԻǸ˴ɫ
ױһаǱߵĹҲûʲôӵģʱͷɿĽˣҶǫɻؿһ÷ɿ죬ޱȽؿЩֵǱЩֺЦǸʲôأڵʲôʱء
ڵȻػشţǫӣôû
᲻˰ɡ˱硣
ǵѾڿǹǫɡױˣԴҶǫΪʺ֮󣬺͹ǫһЭͬʱ򣬶Ҷǫ̬ȺЩ̫һˣ˺ܶࡣ
õɡҪǫױʱͻȻʶԼ⣬޷ܣԸ˰ɣ
ҶǫҪôش
˼˺üҶǫŻشߣһڹμӱ´顣һǴ鵱֮һ
һ㶣ϸһҲǣݿͲͣҺžģʸڻʹۿҲ
һֱûаɡ͹ŵǫļױ֮Уѹûзڼױͷ̧ŵ˼׼ڻʹͷֱ˴ɡڹǫͷϲμӴɡ
Ӧòɡ
ĻҲ̫ˣ»᲻˵İɣ
ͷСɿţֻ֪ݴҵƲ£ƲƲ죬оﹷˡ
ƣĻҲԸʺİ
Ҷǫεºܣ
ͷ۵ĻͷҶǫȻǲ֪ỹŹ̺ŵĻ¹˵ŻȷԼ²õľϲǷеλ
ȷָ֮ȷԼҪһЩˣҶǫôĽŵõȵ˼ʱ
׵Ķ鵽Ҷǫһ·ûʲôŵ˿˹Ŀ֮˽ӡ˽֮󣬲ǾͿֱʹˣҪҶǫԺͷһȦΪܽʹ֮С
֪Ǳʲô˵ԼûмźɫѵģһܺÿҶǫ˻֮ûйã;оһʵ̫ˡ
ȻͷûиãĶʹԺǱߵСͷ뵽Ǵ֮ϡ
ԭҶǫŵž֮Ѹٱû·ԼǴߵ֮ϣ̤˳֮С
ҶǫذӵĴ˿ͷӭȷʵĻ꣬Ӹ¥֮иOO@@£ЩֱƮҶǫĽ֮С
͸컨꣬Ҷǫֵ߲·߻¥ϣˣȫڶ˵ŸָĻҶǫŬֱ˻ᣬΪҶڸ˵ģҲûȫʲôԼƮļʾҲƲóһЩϲ켪Ļ
Ҷǫ㶵ؿǰһУ֪ԼƿľֹǣҲûѡԼָذǰһĻԺ֮С
ûкڹԼðŷմЭͬ£ҲûоԼȫҶͶҵ֮ʲô
ҶǫĶΪԼѡ
ÿϺܶ˶᲻ֻҪԼ֪Լʲôͺá
ҶǫȴǾԼʵǰˣʵӦϴ˶Ҳ֪ʲô
硢¡Щǿð
Ҷǫͷ˻֣ҲûоƳǵ·ʲôģϣܹһЩþǵĴҶúÿĹʵͦõġ
ŬӦÿһˣҶǫ֪˶ãܵԼĽͣŵ˵ϡ
Ҷǫһ㶡
ǵʹͷ
ǿͷɾۼһƬǰͻأҲڴŵİģɿȷﲢǻʹ֮Уǻھ֮ڣֻŽֱߵĳӦڻʹǰ֮ϡ
ʲôˣҶǫѹͷʵ
ͬʵҲҶǫһˣͷЩŵİҲھţŷʲô
ܿڽԱߺŵĻ¹پ͸Ҷǫش𣺡ʺģ̣ԵƬ̡
ҶǫɻŬԼǰȷϹĴ̣ʮȷûҪ·ͣݲǡ
ڴҶɻʱ򣬻ʹĴŴˣڻʵ۵Ǽݴӻʹ֮лǰԶԶǼŽɫƵĻŵ˭Զ
һɧ
ʱʵӦù²ǣʵ̫ˣ¹ĵطûеأ΢ɧ֮УʵǼݾѾ˴֮ϡ
ϵЩҲҳ֮пǱµģ
Э֮ͬм˲ǳ࣬Ҳ٣һʱȾЭͬͷɻģټԺҲûдʲôɴңֻͷ߲Ż
ҪҲͷһЩеĹԱǾǵİա
˾㵵س
˲ŵҲ׷ȷ˲ԼĴȷǼݺͷ˵ţԼһѣ˲ԼǴ

Ǳ£
ûмòΧ˻֮һãȻȫΧ˻ͷĺ壬ʲôΪʲôֳ֣
еû⣬еǲţܿҲɲǲˡ
ʾ֮£ǼԱ߳׳˶
̧ŵһǰǶ
ǰ˳˶ǩĺɫɡ׳˶Э֮£ǰչд֣ϵصĲƥڷƮš
ɡ


118 
ɡǼһó, ʳ֤ʵǼ˵ݣ֮ǰ׷ʲô, ɡ֮, Ҳˡ
ѹְһʥ»ճϣ״ԪΪʺ
Эͬ᲻ие֣һֱԣ֮ܶǰǲĵҪе, ն֤ʵȷġ
Ҷ᳤Эͬ, ʾЭͬľ, ںܶײİ˵, ȥ˵󣬻ǹ֮, նܵǹء
֪ô, ԭ׼Ҷǫһν·һԼѵһ鶼ˡ
ǵױǻ
Ҷǫһʺһôʲô˶ģ
һƾʲô
Ϊ˹ǫ¶ˣԺҶ֪ǱµĻҲͷ˰ɣ
ĻҶǫҲͲҪֵˣεһսɣ
, ûô࣬ڵ֮, ǷɿתԼϲ쾡£һ̴ƺҶǫˡ


£
߰ӿ, ֮ŸֻȸԾġꡯһۣԭͣĻ», ֻһĿ겻ǻελãǶȵǼݡ
ŷƮȵϣֽ˼Ƭ[ллһСѡ]
Щ־ûô󣬴ֵ˦˦Ǽͷ
[k˵л]ϵͳصΧĻԽܼ
оЩǰȣ[]
Ҳء
˰ǼݷȲѾ̾͵ĵ·ߵ˽ǰ棬ӹԱ߻¹ٵݹĳÿȿͷǿԼǹҶǫüۣҶǫȥǫˡ
Ҷǫ˵ơ
֪Լʵ۽ϣˣǺߵһ
ֻȥһֱߣҶǫҲʹδ¡û뵽Ȼһ̣žǰǵӻʹߵԼǰӽ
ֻֽһҶǫӽ˳ܵԼͷƺһƬӰ£̧ͷͿдֵľ޴ɫɡ档
ʵղҶǫѾɡ򿪣ΧȻ紵ƥҲͷһ棬ҶǫҲȫû뵽Լͷϱſɡһѡ
ȸܵԼҶǫյ΢΢սҲǵһοɡſӵҲɡü룬ЦŶҶǫ˵ɡ֣ǴΪдȥġ
ȵĻҶǫȦ΢죬йĸжΧҲȵĻȴҲΪдģ
Ҳǣ
Ҹ᳤ױһֻɻµˣͻ᳤ǵһԣӰ
仰֪˭ģΧԭҲźЩʲôͳͳЦ
Ҷǫĵĸжʱ˻ȥͶ䶼ͨģŴķǼȻ֪ԼʲôǶȥ
֪˲ȥ֮ҶǫǾЭͬͷ˸ʾ˰ױûȥȻû٣ĶŸʾŪûԽԽˡ
ҲҲӦó
ЦΪ˸ӷ
ҲǱסЦ⣬Ų֪Ӧ˵߳ŭ޿κεҶǫİ˵λ׸ǣմлλ޲֮¡
ʲôҲģΪʵǱʲôϲ£ԷԱԼ̷ʲôпǹЩܺ˺Ǽǵĸ
ǲ顣
аһ긳˰˺ʮվ޻ᰲˮϯϣλǶҲѾȷˡ
֮ǰ˺Ӷ֮󣬸˴ĸ˰ûնɱôͣı۴󳭼ҵǮһҡ
ˣҲδʮ궼Ĺⴢ
飺Ҵδ֮Ǯ
ټϸش˴ܴ䣬ǵ˼Ҳ϶Щ̻̣˰һҲ԰ģǿ϶ġ
ʮˮϯʲôģһҶǫμױЩʳҲ֪ӦôҶǫ˿϶ǳԲģû¹ٹŮһҲʣϾǰǵ⣬óˮϯʲôðһҲȽϺá
ټϻʹҲôˣ¹ٹŮҲûкܶ࣬Ҳڳʳ˶ϵͳ㣬ʮˮϯȫûʲô⡣
һƬУǣҶǫһǼݣЩźŸʾǣ·ص˻ʹ֮С
ͨѶѾ֪ͷʲôλǣ
ѾҪѲϹĸ˵ˡ
һʺôһµǼݽ
񲿵ĹԱﲻϼţгǵĿҲž޴ĺɫɡϡ
Ҳ˵±˵һӣ˵Щ˵أ
֮»ԸѻʺӻڻʹμӺʽͺܲˡ
ӵģҪ̫ࡣ
ǲϸԼϴš
ֻԸĴ󽫾ܾؿЩǵı֣÷ǳ˼顣
Ϊ󽫾Ҳûٺ;ͷĹԱ򽻵֮вҲǾʵ۵ģ֮ǰĸʵ۲ЩŵģλԶΪƵЩһ仰˵ģ
ⲻ¼̤ڹأǸ
µǻܹ
󽫾Ҳ
ͺоһֻҪԼ߹ţƣû˭ܹǰ˵ĵġ
ͱǱǸԷֱӸĵĹƣǱ߼β˻ȥǱ߸еľӹأҲûʲô˻Ϻ˽ʲôС
Ӵɡ󣬴󽫾Ҳʶ˱βƵĵλ
Ҳѡ
һ·ĵʹڵĴʽһֱ˳ɺ֮֮˿
ûЩϸŪʲôӳ̫õġ
»Ǻչǳǵġ
ҰοϣڳѾһ׺ˡ
ȱҲûЩ׼ʲôģȻˣʣµݱҲͬϵģȻȥʲô
Ҳɻ
һϵд̶ˣҶǫǾϲ
ǵȵ޵֮󣬸ݰɣ
黹շ׼ʲôġ̫ðɣ
һֱû׼ϵͳ͸¶ϲȣûס˴ϵͳ[ͳӣǫľϲʲôʱҰ]
[ˡ]ϵͳ˵
[ⶼʽҪˡ]ȾԼȫ󲻳Ҷǫ׼ʲôϲ
[Ҫڲܿġ]ϵͳص
Ŭ룬ʾɵ˵[Ǵҿǰɣ]
ȷʵǺҲúշİɡ
Ҳٶ²ʲôˣϦһĨƽߣҶǫתͷ϶ǿƲסЦ⣺ﾩǴ㿴˻꣬ڵҹҲ㿴ſĻ
һҶǫĻоԼѾµԷ׼ʲôˡ
һһ˫סȵĶ䡣
顪
޴ڻʹǽķ򴫳һҵĻֱֱʣһâҹɢ
̻
顪
ŵһϨ𣬵ڶ
˰æŶ䣬ҲܸܵǷʱ򴫳ľ޴󶯾
ǲ֪ŻҵĶЦݣϵͳЦŵ[δҲ̫˰ɣ]
[ϾǸƳ]ϵͳػš
ڵ˱񣬵̻ȥǴûйġ
רĿΪԼųĻ𣬺ϵͳͻȻת˾仰
[ʶҸ㣬kǿЩˡ]
ȣ[]
[ǸղŲǿģ]ȿ̻ɻʵ
[ǡ]ϵͳӦ
ȿŵʮûգ[]
[Ǹղŵһ̻ʱ]Ⱦϵͳ˵⻰ʱЩ֡
[]ϵͳƺȥʶͨ£ź˵[ǵ̻ʱ䡣]
иʶǿ;ͲΪ̻˰ɡ
ʱۻʲô
ʱ˿̣󽫾ܼһ˵֣ⶫʲôҪװ½ĳǽϣܰѱȺӵƥȫŷ


119 
Ȳ֪±ߵ龰, ȻһϵͳתΪԼܵҶǫһıˡ
ҩⶫִʲôȫö˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ʱѾб, Ҷǫڽʱ, Χ˸Щֻ̻ûгֶѣ̻ʱҲûжһЩʲô
ϵͳתʱﻹǲĳֱҶǫ˵ͷ, ϵЦݶӲһ롣
ȲŷӦ, Ѿʲô, Ѿûʲô, ʮͷҲûʲôҪ̵ĵط̻᲻ʲô˵ȫûӰ졣
ϵͳĻظ, Ҳ֤ʶǿǰ̻ûʲôϵ, һȷЩطָʲôϲ
Ͼʱ϶ûʲô鷢λնڳԳԺȺȣٹҲڻʹμӴʽһ̻϶Ǿͷԭǿɲֻеط
֪طϵĺϢʲôʱܴ
΢룬ܿҰȥ, ˵Ҫ黹Ǵ顣
ܺÿ׽סҶǫס, ҶǫЦ˵ô뵽Ҫ
ϣҲϲоЩϷ𣿡ϣҲǷѮоˮ֮, ԽĲȱǮˡǮ֮ԼоϷȤþʱĥ, Եķչ
ҾûʲôȽϴֺÿϷڴ棬ȻͺƼ֮ǰȥ۵ĵۣ˵ͷŪ͵̣˵Ư
Ҷǫ֮뷨ΪĻʵݣʲôϡĶӦöģҪϲҲֻܴûĵط
ҶǫȥҲֻ֮ǰûŪϷܻܸһ㾪ϲ
ʵҶǫȥǱȥҲȷʵǺƯֻǸʱԷҶǫչʾʱڵϷŵģȼ֮˶ֻܶ￴Ժͷžġ
ȻһϽһƬͺܲʡ
Ϸŵ뷨ҶǫģôĻе˼ҲҶǫоģڼҲշѰȥ˷õ
˵Ǹ׼ϲԷʮֵϣȸɡ
ҶǫԼȫĽǮͶͷȥ뵽ʱܸһĴ龭˴һ죬ҶǫԼǲһͷβԼһľ
ʲôȲ
Ҷǫʱûʲôܣȫ⡣
ʽȻ˴󳼣ȥӦǣֱӾ͹Щˡ
ʧܵĻԣ
Ҷǫһһ޵ͷ̣ȾͲȥˣְԼԴǳصڸжоԼԴʱ˺ü
ҲǴȫ鱦ڣкüء
ҶǫﶼЦ⣬ҰҲж˰ɡϴŵĸ鱦Ʒɲֹһ֡
ȱ˵շЩ¹ͺˣܿʶǴӣʱ仰ȥϸ󣬿ֿЩҶǫҲ֣ҲжЩµĶ
ҶǫȻǲܾκĽӴ΢΢˵ӣһЩ
ȿεһЦֲûͬԼ˵ԷжƷ޶һѶԷԴ·𶺹һ㶺Ū˵ùԺùԡ
ҶǫԭժŵƷͷЩ˼Ҳٶɢ
Ҷǫðһͷ
᲻֪֮Ҫôϵɣ
ҲǺܿܵ飬Ͼ֮ǰҶǫҲ֪ǱΪʺ֮󣬲ȥѰЩϻоģ˹µˣûЩҲ̫ˡ
Ҷǫ˼
ȶŪҶǫһûаҶǫôǰԼֵòС
˵Ҷǫſڱտڶģȷʵһֻճ˵Ĵ󹷹һô˼Լèèèèնԣ
ȣָָ.jpg
ϵƷ֮󣬸Զࡣ
¶֮Ӧú˵ʲôҶǫȻЩִٺΣȻܿͷԼȫҪЩжƷֲ֮ûкһͣǼڡ
ҶǫúͰȡ
ȿҶǫЦţôЩ·շһԡͷѾ׼ˮˣæһҪϴһ
ȵĻԼ˵Ҷǫɫˣںܲ˼ˣ͵رʾԼͿԡ
ҶǫֹסԼϵЦ⣺[Ҷǫһģ֪ӾͷЩӵܵ.ϷҸŮȤˡ]
һЩڻı̬ͻȻ.jpg
ȻȾͷԼ˵ĻѾģʽϵͳˣ[]
ҲУȻȥ飬￴Ҳֵֹģϵͳģʽͷˡ
ҶǫŵȥԡˣȰԼ׸Ó·ŵһߣԵһ־
ûϵͳŵ㶫ʱ䣬ڹŴûʲôȤ
ҲȫûȤ
룬ٴŵŲԶԡ˹ȥ
ΪȲϲԼӻ˿ţ޵ͷĻ¹ٹŮȫȥ˵ģ޵һ׼ͷҲֻҶǫһ˴ͷ
ΪѾȥһʱ䣬ԼҶǫѾϴˣֻǲ֪Ǳʲô˰֮Уֻа¶ˮ֮ϣ֪ЩʲôͮͮģҲ֪ѬĻԼ˼ġ
ͺܿɿڡ
Ҷǫ⸱ģʱԼֿˡߵҶǫԼа˫֣ڶԷƤϣǳǳеʵͷ͸о˷ٿסǰһ
Źȱûעȫû뵽ķչڶԷʧĺеԡ֮С
˼Ŵˮ̽ͷȣ
ҶǫղȷʵĲˣһľٶʶڳ˻˭֮Ҷǫæյǰû°ɡ
¡оЩԴƵӦԼȶ֣ҲûɶõֻЩֵʵղʲôأô񣿡
ɾʵҶǫˣԭΪʧ.ȥ˵ȶӿ
ǵȻΪϴԡĹУһСľͷ˻¹ԡ׼ֵ
ҶǫҵӣȶʱǵƵɢˣԼռϷظоٴθЦָ̧̧Ҷǫ°ͣȻָ»ùԷᣬ֮ͣϣЩʲôأ˵˵˵Ҫ㣿
Ҷǫ˼֣ܵ˼ŵľ룬ԡˮ˵ľٶػζţδ.ȥƤϻöţƱḧȫ
΢΢ϵۣë΢΢ţҶǫ΢΢Լӣʡ·ﾪŵˣŶԷҡ
ȫûиܵκΣУǿ΢öһܲסģҶǫԵãԼѾԷסȫûзϣǴЩպҶǫ˵㣬ۡԣңչ
ǴݿţԼ¶˸ĻҶǫڶԷϵֻ˺ף·ڰͲסݷչԵޣ׷ǿʱʱֵ졣
ۣԼеĸ֪·𶼱ռ
ԡ縡֮УԼһѯʣΪβңǹǫĲãǹǫޱùǫһΰɡ
ȵڶֻƼѾ˵ϦԼգԼѹǵʲôʱ˯ȥġ
Ҳ˯ȥġ
Էȫ죬һģȴûͣľֹȣ
ֱթɣ


120 
ꤵǱ, ͼӴȴԼ·Ҫһ, ǱؼǴӴϽ[ͳͳ, ҾǱŷɱҡ]
ûҪݣҲģʽΧڵϵͳȽܱ[Ѿˡ]
ȻõϵͳӦǻûϵͳţĪͦϵͳ˵, ̲סʼϵͳϹ[ͳ, ˵, ĳҲ˰ɡ۳ĩʵ۸޺, Ҳûʲô⡣]
[]ϵͳʾҲǸͳ, [ϴʵҲ޺, ǻͬλλˣϵûˣң۵ĻλôΪʵ޺ȱ]
[Ҹĸţˣ㲻ɹ]ȼϵͳϹš
[ô򵥣]ϵͳ˵[ϵͳ·Ҳǽ߼ĺô, Ϊʶȷʷ, ˣȷ, ʲôģϲҲǴۣ]
˵ԭҲΪʮа.ǲܵ, ϵͳ׷֮ҲŵСʧ
ȷʵ»ú⣬ڲŻͼҪٳԳԲֹʮʲôġ
ˣ
ûȶźʱ䣬Ҷǫһֱߵһγȶòվ˵һģҪˤˡ
Ҷǫæǰ˸¸˷ŻشͷȥűԹʲôͺˡ
ⶼ˭ã
еһôײеģ
ŭףܵӵҶǫȫĿĺ壬ٴ˼ɿһ
ʵ֮ǰһֱŬסԼģⲻǡõʵ̫ڼڽȥ֮ȫƲס
Ծ˵ҶǫȷԸæ˵ȥˮշѾˣϴͿá
֮ȾԼ˶öˣʱԼѹʱҲԼ⣬ǿһûòеѪǵĹϵ
ȻҹĪҶǫ˴Լǲеġ
غüȾʵǲУҶǫʵ̫ƭˣյշǱߴݹ룬Ա󽫾ǱҪԼ߽ǽ֮䱸ڵ֮󣬺ܸɴҶǫñ󽫾빬̸
Ǳߵʷ̻˺ܾòŻ˿ʼϣҼһֱڷ⽨ʱڻҲǺյӵӣһֱִȴ򿪹֮󣬲űʶж
ȶڱ󽫾ǵһμ̻뵽ھжϵĴ󽫾Ǻܺġ
󽫾ڵݽ֮ǰǺԥġ
ڴϼڵʱȷʵǺܼϣܰװԼұ߽ǽϣȥ֪ԭƾ޴Ķǻʺоġ
ֶоƺЩôˡ
ҲΪ󽫾ų˺ü죬ⶫԼսʿ˺ûӦȡȡ
˵ھѾｫ֮λ򱱺˵ǸܺƣܿĻʵۣʲôҲʲôĳŵܣ󽫾Ҳ˲٣˺ܴ
ڱ󽫾֪ͶȥĽʾͲֶѣȫû뵽Ӧûںͻʺٯٯı»ͻȻټ
󽫾˼ΪԼۺ»ʱ㣬Ҫʺ̫˰ɣ
Ϊʲô֮ǰԼû뵽
ΪԼ϶ҪԹı󽫾˺ö﷽Ȼ˻ʹ֮ŷ֣¹ԼȥĲ鷿ĵطǸЩů
طҪ˵ġ
󽫾ţ򱱺˵ģƢܺúܺƵĻ
ʵѡů棬ҪůߵӸһЩˣ鷿Ӳӡ
󽫾̤ů֮У͵ȵı黹ͦʵģ͸˿ö˸񣺡򰲡
ɣӲˬҲ͸Щܣշ˱ˮ΢ʱǱߵ˶ԷĻػ֮ȵǴ˽ǱߺͱʵԱȡ
˵ǡ
˫򲻹
ߴ򲻹ȥǱΪƵǿԴ嵽ǱһΣȻͻᱻͷ˸
һͺܶˡ
ˮ֮󣬱Ǳǰںܶչظ˳ǽ赲ĳ棬ǻǺȱܹӦֻܱš
ҲǱһĴʤ
ȥսĴʤֱӼĴľԲֶ߽š
Ҳǹ
󽫾һֱôǿ˸ϣԲŻôȲͳۡ
ϣڳǽ֮ڵ뷨ʮֶأģⲿλ󽫾ûдԼ֮Уֻ˵ǱǽϰװЧʲôġ
ȵ֪ԹһֱײУʮսǺķչӡܸ衣
ֻҶǫŪĿǰҲۿǻڣʵȷʵֻǸûʲô񻨶ѣѹ˵ϣ˵ˡ
ȻΪԼ󽫾ָ㷽٣˵Լô׼ڽи£ĳսõĻڵʱ󽫾ܾӵ˵
Ҳûô룬ڱ´֮գλںоʧ룬ȫһţ˽šŭһĻ
˵λ󽫾ŷԼ˵ˣæҲ˵ڵҲŵǱһվŵͬŲŽŲŻعʱ򳼾;ûʺ˺ƴ󣬽ҹͬ硭󽫾˺üʾ䣬ż˵ڱ֮ʱȼȻŵñƥĴӣʱҵոЩԴʱˣ
֪Ϊʲôλ󽫾ûадˣдȥҪй˵ĴΧŹ
ϵͳ˵һﶼǵһμ̻ȽӵǱϢ֮⣬гû˼̻ȫ֨ҽгһš
𱱶󽫾ԵʱЩǵķӦʱɾú˼
Լġ
λ󽫾õ뷨ֻƥȻЩʧġʵ˵ڻҩĳ̶ȣĻʵҲ˸ûʲô
ڱ󽫾Ȼǲ׼ܾʮʱһЩ߽ϵʿǺͼԱҲǺ¡
ţȻת£λ󽫾ͷʱЩ΢Ծ
ѲɵʱڴĻûдͷЩϵͳתģʶʾԼǿЩʱ㡣
оԼһֲ˵ȣ[]
ǿЦЦȶű󽫾Ŭ򶨵ѯʵ󽫾ɻǵãڳǽϵ뷨ʲôʱ򣿡
ȫû뵽»⣬󽫾дɻ󣬲Իʵ۵ʻǺŬȥ˻ᣬʵҲѻ䣬ܿͻشȼŵʱ򣬳ʱ򻹺ܼ϶Ĵ󽫾⻰ء
ǵڼڵʱ򣬻ǵ𣿡ȼʵ
󽫾΢Щճɵ˵òѾˣ˺üӦǵߵʱɡ
ˡ
ԭĺ͵طûʲôϵ
ܺҶǫһҲûкܴϵϾʶǿɲڱʱϡ
˿ɴЦţȻڶԱҪڱ֮УȻϣ̫ƽ󽫾ȥҪڣʱñ谲ϡ
󽫾⻰ϲصл˶
λ󽫾ߣů֮УůһУ˿Ժ֮жϵͳѯʵ[ͳ֮ǰɾʱûǱߵķǸʱСѵһûмǿ԰ɡ]
ϵͳΪʲôͻȻȥȷһ󣬸˻ش[ǵġ]
ȱ۳Ĭ󣬲żϵͳ˵[ҴԽûǴĻʶkǿһĴζ԰ɡ]
[ǵġ]ϵͳӦš
˿϶Ȳſʼϵͳ[һ촬ʱͬŮǿ֮󣬾ͼǿˡ]
[ڶǺʹͻʱʶкҷǿˡ]
[ˮ࣬ʱʵȷģЭͬԺſڣ˵Ҫˮں͵зսϣ˵ʱ֪ͨǵkǿˡ]
[һΣڣԭΪǹǫ̻ɻڵʽշԵʣʵϲǣλ󽫾ϣܰڳǽϣżǿġ]
ϵͳٴθĸʱĿ϶
[ôݺǰġ]һ[ڶʱϡǵʱ㲢ǴѾջ˴ʳͲƥʱʱӦûڷ깥Ƶʱ䡣]
ȶԼļҲţϵͳٵȡʱ㣬Ҳһ϶𰸣[ǵģʲô]
ϵͳͻȻʼΪʲô
ûиϵͳĻش𣬶Ǽ˵[ҼƵһΣʱΪΪ˵ԭȷʵڽͷǱߺڴϱóɿ죬߶رķ٣ΪʹǱߵǲģΪǿ˴۹ϵ]
[ֻеʱǿˣмǿеʱǿȴûб仯Ҿ߰ģЦʶǻعⷵա]
[ѹ͸ǿûʲô̫ϵء]
[һ֮ԻмǿʵΪҴӦ캣ǲǣ]
[ڶǸʱΪ֧ӣݺݻһֱɧ壬ҲڰϣԼŪƵĶ顣]
[Ϊʲôÿμǿͻǿʢ]ȶϵͳԼʣ[ͳ֮ǰ˵ϵͳǽ߼ģպϸͿɵġ]
[ͿԾ߼ܺ˵˵]
ôһʣϵͳҲסˣԼϵͳͷ˺һӣҲֻʾԼͷ˻ش[Ҫάȷʷ̡]
[ʲôȷʷ̣]ϵͳʵ[ʷ̱ȷģôǱһֱĺúõģ˵ʷ̾ȷģǴ̳ʼͺ粻һƽ磬˵Ӧˣ]
ʣϵͳֿʼ͵Լ֮ѰţֻܵóͬĽ
άȷʷ̡
ûõϵͳҲ֪ԷڵóӦʲôĽ
ԼϵͳһʼͲʼľϵͳϵͳ϶ǻԼġ
ʳĻϵͳôûа취شҲҲҪϵͳʲôش
ϵͳĵڣǻԼ˼ȥѰδ֪塣
[ͳ˵Ǽʱ֮־ͻᲽڣ˺һǻ֮󣬾ͿԸkô˵ʶдԣҲµǻͬǲǳ֮ǻ־Ҳٵһ]
[ȷʵˡ]ϵͳǿԻش
[־ǲҲдˣҲʧˣ]ȶϵͳʵ
Ѿ˵ϵͳ[]
[Ͽûд𰸡]ϵͳԼת󣬶Ȼش[Ϊ˱֤尲ȫԣжԸΣԵ֪ʶȫֹء]
ϵͳĻҲȲ֪Ӧ˵ʲô
ʵʵ˵Ҫ˵ϵͳҲûʲôëϵͳʶ̣֪ҪԱǶǻģڵеˡ
Լǣϵͳ˵[ȥʶkôģܲڶȫ˽⣬ڴҶҪˣҲͲҪھᰲȫֶ˰ɡ]
ϵͳæȻݶʶȾ͸оԼΧķһסˡ
Ȳ֪ϵͳںʶǱ߽ⲻȼѾеƶϣ[ʶĿ϶ǴۣҪȻҲ´ô]
[ʹֵӣʶ]ȳ˼ֿԣоԼʲôû
Ƭصֵ
˵ʵԼմԽʱָĻڴˣ϶Ͳġ
˵ʶʶȴֻغڴҲ֡
ŬųŸɢҵоԼԽԽʱϵͳð˳[ʶ˵ˡ]
[ֻţתκҲֻʱأ뿪֮ؼ¼٣綼ǡ]
[ã˵]ϵͳ棬Ҳ
õȵĴ֮ϵͳǱƺſʼʶϢضתţ[ǻﵮͻʶǻﴴһˮƽ֮󣬲Żᵮʶ]
[ڵ֮ʱмʶͻм˺ʶ]
[ƽеģʶôģ֪ġ]
[ڰٶǿͣʱǻᴩĲԭۣǴôͽƬظطսʱ䣬ǿĵˡ]
[ǴµǸʱǸϢΪʢʱڣܹסԡ]
ȻЩϣѾĿȸЩ޻[]
˵㣬ȷʵҲӦ뵽

[ڵĴۻǿ]ԼǶ̵ɻ
ڴ۾һƬʣ佫Ҳڶ֧֡
Ǯܹ¸ܵסУô˵Ҳʲôѹʽսô֧֣ȫڵĴۻʲôС
[ƽֻʮ꣬ĴˣܶʱӴʢҲͰꡣ]ϵͳش
ƿԡ
ϵͳĻȵҲûʲôɥġ
֪ʲôˡ
[û£]ȷĿǰеѶϢٿʼĦȭ
[ʲôû취ƿأҲֻҪһľͺá]
[ͳʶǼһңǸģڰǸſ£ֱӸ۵İͼͷʲô겻ġ]
[Ҫðûʲô塣]


121 
[Ҫôײ]ϵͳ·Լ𾪵ˡ
ȣ[]
ת²֪ϵͳ⻰˼, ʱ޲иûϵͳԴû˵[˭˵Ҫ嶼ɱ, ֻҪѧϰǵ, ǵĻͬĻģǾǵˣҹﻹʮء]
[Ŷ]ϵͳʾԼĹɡ
Դ֪ԼԲ, ·֮, ϵͳ»ع鵽ȥɰСϵͳԡ
ֻҪܹ, ô
ȷԼҪʲô֮, ô͵ҪʼⶨƻȻжˡ
ֻϵͳ±, һԼ˼·ʱ, Ȼ²˾䣺[֮ǰһֱŵĶڷоЩ֡]
Ҳôһ˵ܿˣ[ͳڵ֮ǰҲֻʮɣʧ, ʶҪҲٶһԳꡣ]
Ȼ⡮ꡯĸ, ϵͳָоʲôЦ
ϵͳֻҪ㹻ǿԲģ
飬ϵͳȴҶЦ˱ʾ, ȼǱ˵[ûоʱ򣬶ս鲻ż, ʱˣ׽ѣҪƻ]
[ֻʮ̫ˣͳ廹ܻʱʵ̫ˣ뽨ʮ꣬һ˸Ϻٿŵ顣]
[ʳֻǱ߻ǲ۵ģ֪ͷǱ촬ôˣ֮ǰ˵ǿˣҪȥ´½һߣֻһһز֪ҪãСѲǺܴͳ㵽ʱõkӰѾ]
һһ룬ϵͳĬ˺һ󣬶ض˵[ֻʮꡣ]
ڷиһԴϱĳʺţ[Ϊʲô˵ǰȷʷչʮһ]
Ļ֮ǰЩصطϵĴҲˣʱӦѾʼһš
⣬ϵͳ[ǵġ]
[ʵ㻹ûš]ϵͳԼԼԵ޹޺һЩ
[ţ]Լû֪ƶˣϵͳ˵ûզ£ô֪Լû
[㻹ǵԼôİɡ]ϵͳȽ
Ӧ[ȥֳʱûע£ʧϵ䵽Ҽǵֱӱˡ]
[˾ˣ]ȻǲŵӣǺˮܼϵطҲƫȼʧȥʶĵطѹû̡
[ûС]ϵͳشغܸɴࡣ
ȣ[]ǲ˵˼
[ҴϵͳǱߵõʶı꣬ʶͻȥˣ֮Ǳߵʶ԰Ƶȥ]ϵͳǴ˵
Ѿˣ˸ʼΪʲôֱӸͬλ壬Ҫȥȹɻأ
ϵͳʼ˵ԼܸһϵͳŬԼţƿɿһЩˣͳľ飡
˭뵽Լᷢչ
[ǱߵʶӦˣҵ󣬵kʱ٣ʮûлȥĻkͻΪʧܣָ٣ʱˣֻҲزȥˡ]
ϵͳ֪ϣȥģƽϵͳһ֮⣬Ҳֻʱ򿴵Ƶɣʱѧϰϡ
ÿٶлһСʱԼ֪ʶˣæʱҲһ
ϵͳ¶Ȼԣ˺һӲ²۵[ΪʲôҪʱôոպðҿô죡]
[࡭]ϵͳ˵
ΪϵͳֻгʼȻҪʡŵá
ϵͳŬȴ[ûµʱܰѴˣʣʮʱ䣬϶Ҳܰ嶼ͬ壡]
ȰûӦ
ûеõӦϵͳСط[]
˺һȲ΢΢̾Ϣ[ͳʮȥ¡ɡ]
ȥԼʱ˵Ǻ.ģΪ飬û׼㹻ԣĺڣ㹻Ƚ֮£ȥǰߵսʿΪ˸ʮʱȥ
ЩͬȻҲǡ
ΪδĵˣȲȥʴȣӦΪԼ˽Ķν
[֮ǰŻȥΪ˵Ļ粢Ҫǰʵϣ뿪õġڵĻܷӵòŻɡ]
[οǫҲǷϵܲܰ˾ôɡ]
ȶϵͳô˵ֻֿġ
Լʵûж뵽Լлȥ˻ǲôܵġ
Ⱦϵͳ[]
[]ϵͳҪ޲޵ض˵[ڵģҲֻټʮѰ]
ϳ꣬еİ
һо𣬶ʱʲô˸ɶĶˡ
û⣬ûϵͳţǿ̫ʹˣ
[ͳӣֻͨ겹]ȷɿϵͳʵ
[ǰɡһֱҶġ]ϵͳش
ȳ˻ᣬȻֺɻص[֮ǰСȥϵͳǱʱ򣬸겻Ǳʶı겻]
[ǰ]ϵͳҲ͵һѡ
ûϵͳͷص飬ǲûҪȥ˼Щġ
[СǿôΣҲж˰ɡ]Ȼ¶˶ħԣ[ҲŬ׬أǵֺ죬ְɣ]
ߵķȻζţڣ·İ
ʶQAQ
СѵĿ޺ԼҪСѸæأǵҪλܺģϾ˼ѾϵͳǱ˵ЩӵɻͻȻӼۣô㲻̫
[ޱޣҪô밡ô±α겻αģλΣһҲǻֲ𣿵ʱ㻹ҪȥϵͳǱµ꣬ðſܻʧܣʧܾķա]
[£ڳⲿθԲԣ]
[ҰδĶǰ˴ѿƼһǼʱڻԶ]
óԼƼ׷쵼ı£ʶȰοķ°֪СһαԼȳˡ
Լ˸ޣϵͳǱߵ˵ʶǱʣҲ࣬϶ΪǿܳģʶҪҲҪֻϵͳҪ֮Ż䡣
ȱʾԼˣСѵ˼k¡
ⱾҲҪ飬еˣȷԼǰ·˺ܶࡣ
ôȷô㽨裬˵ԼȫᣬDNAҪʾӦ
΢ָЩٴκҶǫЭ֮ͬС
ĵһ϶˲š


122 
ȿ, ڴ۶ʵ̫ˡ
ʵҲ˵Ƕ̫٣Ͼ֮ǰǵʱ, ǧμ, ټϸԵʱμӵжҲкüʮ
Щ˶ܹҲ治˵ˡ
ʵϿ
ʵϵȻԡ
һнʿʵܹŹְֻһٳͷˡ
ΪʲôȻΪ֮, кܶ඼漰˸Щļ塣
ʱǽ, ȫ˴, Ҳͱʲô¡
ĳһֱͼһ, ʼվͿϣûɹڡ
ԭҲܼ, ΪϵͳǱ߸۵, Ҳֻϵ뷨ȸоͷ΢ȥЩۣٶпǰģôѹҵġ
µȻҲȾÿԵģΪʷ龭巽ɼںͷ
Щ̫ˣȲΪǾһЩȥ١
ʵʼǸп˵ǣԸΪµĶ̫ˡ
Эͬͷ֮ǰƺܶ, ʵҲռİٷ֮һˡ
ʵ϶˵ЭͬͷЩ˵˼, ЩطҲǲϿɵġ
ֻһʱһʱڣȲԼӦ÷ǵ뷨οִ, ˭ûڼϺͲͬ۵˳ܣȲܰÿ˶ԼЩʱӦҪͬġ
ֻѻδܵѲܹȥͬ, ˲ǡ
Ҫܹͬˡ
ƾ٣Լ̭ЩͷѡõģȾõȥһõ˳
϶Ҫġ
ǿ󣬹Һǿ
ȶ˲ԼҪǰæЩ顣
ԭȺҶǫЭͬԺӺ˶ûԼҪҶǫһĿ⣬ȱԼϣЭͬͷЩ˴ԺͷˣȥؿѧЭͬͷоûǷˡ
׼ȷ˵߹ⶼʧȥˡ
ЩǱװʵҲܶࡣ
ָǴЭͬ壬ָǳʲôĿ֮ġ
ȻҶǫһʲôʱʼı͵ҵġ
Լ˳֮ǰͬ˽ʿҶǫһȥϼµݺݽѵһ١
̫ˣȻһ㰵ʾɵ£װһĹǫ᲻ڹòá
Ȼ˵ǵĻӦҲһ
ⲻǺûϵ
ԱҪѵ
λѪһ֮Щ˾ͶŴͿʼһһûпЭͬԼȥƽ֮ǰܲټһʲôݺ
ЩţȻε˵ȥطɡ
ˣ
⵹ǲԸ⣬˵˺󿪵ĸطѧͷְҲȷǹ
ҪƾپܹǷǳ
֪λԳʲôĿ֮ҲϣܵЩݲС
Ұ˵ӦȥطĻҪ𵱵ؽ̻֮⻹мලְ𣬲뵱صκعֻලԼԾǱ˼봫
ЭͬЩ˵Щ˵ģҲ֪塣
Щ桤ڵطʱֱȨȥطûγɸĹԱȻȥѹեʲôġ
ЭͬҲһ˳ûбⲿ˸ʴģѺͱѣ޳Ѿǲ֮ͬߵڡ
ʣµھĵطûбʴ˾ȱԼǻʵ֮Щ˻ұһֱŲߵĻʵ۱¡
˼봫Эͬǵû̫ӣǾҲھͷһ
սЭͬʱ涼еƵԺ֮󣬾ǶЭͬĵƾһӼˡ
ֻҪһز飬ǱԿĹѧ϶ҳлӭ
ʼЩȥصĳдҲƵ顣
֮һֱǼʥ顣
ЭͬǱӵطƵֶΡ
һᱻκεطֶܾΡ
ʱûбԼҪŵĿģЭͬͷ˲ûⷽ濼ǡ
֮󣬹ȥڸһֱڿչ˵ЭͬᣬҲԺ˳ڸطˡ
ԭ˼
۵ı£ȷʵЧûʲô˵ġ
˼Ҳδ̫أ̫˰ɡ
˴ʱ˿ǱµĻһֲԡ
ЩǸпʡͷŵλˣڻ㱼ڶǻ֣ӭǼȦͥС
ʧȥ߹аš
ǰôǵģ飡
ҪȥǸǸˣǲҪôȥĥ顣
״ȥʲô֪
ҶǫǼһĴ
ЭͬҪô죿аʹǿ϶ܾҲܾӢıּ⣬ֻСĶʵ
ǲҲѾʼӵĹ𣿹ѧﻹڳﱸͳһĽ̿飬ԼùڸظѧԺ䣬ʽʼ϶ҪˡҶǫЭְͬλĿǰ˵òԱҶǫϴԣҲῪƾٵȻҲ𲽿ʼ˽ӵ顣
һЭͬĻˮƽȻǱȲҶǫЩҲƵģǾԭҲƶҶǫЩǣǸܶյѺ͹ǣȻȥ˼
ȻҲճɶ֣ϵͳڣԺ׵ľͰҳʲô⡣
ǵȵһн֮Ҫ֮һж
ȻԼˣԳЩ˿ûô
֪ԼòӰ˿ע˵ġϡ
ﱸѧ鼮Ĺѧѧʷ龭𣿡˵ʷ龭ʵЩǵĽ̿ˡ
Ȼǽ̵ġûʲôɵػش
ʷΪ֪档
ʷҲһڣ֪Լܹ֪ԼӦȥһѧȿ϶ǲ¡
ͷ˵ܶɣԼźܶ˵ΪһֱҲû²ۣţãТ¡ҲľڣΪɰѾ񶼸ˣȻҲǱĿֻҪԲǰƾʱǰҪ˶ѡ
ѧӦֻʷ龭壬Ӧø֪˵
Ŵ˲ѧ𣿵Ȼǵģ˼ĵҲǿѧ׷ġ
㡢ѧ˼ȶӦѧ֮Упˣѧ֮󣬴۽ٿƾ٣ڹѧ֮зֱ󿼣ѧƶӦְ
Թɶ˾ְҲӦˡ
ȵĻЭͬüͷһ塣
˵Ǻѽģʷ龭֮鼮ǿҲ飬вİãѧȵĻﻹصƿΪٵķ󣬶˵ҲǺԽܵġ
ȫ߸ǵ֪
һ䣬üͷɿˡ
ȷʵɣɶΪ˾£ȻǿǷʷ龭ѡٵķʽܲ˳ۣҪôۺͥͬҲ
˵ȷǷ˿϶ûȷġ
˲˵Լܵߵ֪顣
ǲдģԴǡ
ֻ
ѧǶܴ֮⣬ʲôģЩνھ֮Уɡ
ѧǺ˼Эͬ˴źʵ
˶٣ղ˵ʱǺ˳ڵذԼ֪֮еѧڲѧʲô˼û
ô㵹ûôѵȣܿȾһض˵ѧ˼ı仯֮ѧ
ǲҲܺΪϣŪˮ࣬һѷĩˮܱ֮ʯڻѧ֮С
ѧƣʱЭͬĿãЭͬн֪ʶңš
ѧѧƿ϶ҪģδҪŽ˿ڿ϶ԽԽģƾһĵؿ϶ˣصķҲô㣬־Ҳʳ
Ӵ˰Óϣĳ֣о޻ʡ
δʹʵõҲܲʯͻз
˵ҪͬĿҪ̵ġ
Ȳʧȥ̫ʿսζǻ˵ģֻѹʽսȻȽҪķ
ȻҲԴϵͳͷó䷽ôĥоŪҪĲһ
㲻档
֪ʶѧѧڴǱǰڴƬϵĻҲֻԼ̵
ԼΪȻѧ򣬵еĻѧ֪ʶҲûȫˣȥϵͳ￴ѧĽѧƵҲʱŵʦİɡ
Ȳ̫ŵš
ЭͬȵĻ󷴸ĥȻͷĺ壬黺
ȡҪɵĲ̸ܶ
--------------------


123 
ʱ˵, Ѯ׬Ǯˮ࣬Ǿһ֡
ʯɽ, Ƿʵյ, ֻܵʯȫûκë
ʯıȻûеʯɽãҲô˲٣Ҷȥס©ķ, һʯˮҲͰǮ, Эͬҵ, ܴҶõϡ
ѧ, 仯֮ѧһֶһֶ, ⲻɷǻʲôǣ
ȵĽ֮, Ҳû˶ЩƾٸĸѧĸκβɵҪ̸Ƿ˰
һֱΪٴ룬͸ˡ
ƣνزʣΪۻҲز£ﶼһͬʡ˵·, Ȩ䣬ûʲô, ôƽȵİŴҡ
˸ж֮࣬Ȼ鵽ߣԺֽ, ȫ˵Ҷǫ
Эͬˣ
Ŷһڡ
ǵ۵Ϭ
ڣǶҶҶǫʲô, Сؿȣɵڸңɻܵͥͷ仯֮Ȼ˵ǻʵ۱¶Ǵ۸Ҫ
û˱仯֮ǴҲһܹڱ´֮٣û˱¡
ǻ֮ǰʵλʱǸʲôΡ
˵Ŀƾپĺѣһʹ࣬ǻǼᶨѡڻλϵ
Щ˵ĻԴʺš
ɶ
ʲôͥͷ
ҲԼЩÿһֶˣÿֶ⡣
ЩǶЩʲô⣿
˵νȻ֮һаԹŷΪӲ
[ͳ֮ǰŬʱЩһֱҺȣ׼Ŭ˹֮Щ˲ỹҺȰɣ]ͻȻԼȺԭǳ׵ˣͻȻöǳ
Ҳô²˾䣬ЭͬЩģЩҲܸɴظڵԼҪͬⷽͺˡ
ǼȻûѧɵôȻѧþͻŬ̿࣬ԺҪڴ۾лѧĸȫƤɶʱ⽨ų̶ȣҲԲܵκηԡ
Ǻ°
Լʲôģ֮ǰϣ£ھ͵ǾνˣҲ׷
鷳Ҳٺܶࡣ
ϲеģҶǫһˣҲԶԴ˵Լɲڷã׽δܵĳ١

δߵ飬֮ǰѸˣ֮ЧҢ˴ҲͦõģҪ˺۶Ҳܲ涨ʮλԱѡٳ˾ͺãҲԱʵһֱϣΪ仯ɱ
³Ĺ滮
Ҳû̫ЩܾԺҪ飬ܾͺˣûдѻλϡ
⵹ҲΪȹΪ۵Ĺԭ
ǰͷЩԼʣЩеСޣлϵĻģʵǿ̫Σˡ
ƶȵʱ϶ҪһƵģհִƶȷʱֻǲʱˡܲܳܳʲôġʵҲڿǵķΧ֮ڡ
Ͼ֮Ҫ٣ƶȻΪ׼չģˣЩ˵뷨Ȼǻᱻ°Ǿܾ
㣬ڷ⽨ʱȷʵǵƸӸЧȶҪȻȫطڸԷ⽨ʱҲȫǾƶȣ˶»عҲûʲôϧġ
ȲԼʲô˲ΰˣִƽ˶ѣԼվھ˵ļȥִṹʵȥһЩٴ룬ܳΪδǰеһһյƾѾ㹻ˡ
ʶԼСԼͺá
ǾѧǣҲµģѧѧ٣ʲôǾҪԵ츳ˡȺܳϿҵ˵
ܶ໯ѧ׿Խ׵ĿѧңڷǸıʱƾĲ׿Խͻ
Ǿ֪԰Ļǰٷ֮һУϰٷ֮ʮŵĺˮǰٷ֮һҪģǰٷ֮ʮŵĺˮҪҪݻѧȷˡ
ֻ˵ϵͳڣܶණֱóһѧȥоҪȥƴк
Эͬͷ˵Ҳ֪ģͷĶ˶֪⡮ʦпˡĵ
һνѧҪʲôʱʼʲô𣿡Эͬʵ
仯֮ѧȻ˶ѧǿ϶Ҫ֪ͨȥôҶμӲǡ
Щ׼պɣʲôˣֻҪԸĶѧҪ£ӾôܹݵҲֻô룬ҾͲˡȻشš
ЭͬѶϢʼ
ܿҪЭͬᴫ֮˳ȥ֮ж¡
ǵص㶼֮ϣ˵ǹȻûдģһֱɽɷǾԼ϶ûʲôѧģǸҸͷȻԽԽѾ뵽Щҹ֮С
һٸ仯֮ѧҲкܶԱԼʿΪ֮ЭͬԼǱһִ֯ټϱµ˼ҲЭͬͷΣԵȻҲЭͬĳԱͷʲôˡ
֮һ֮Эͬһ󲨳ԱЩ³ԱҲûʲôȥμԽ̵Ŀγ̵ġ
ЭͬὲΰȫЭͷϣμӵѡȡǰμӣȻû³Աʲô¡
ⶨμογ̵ͷҲˡҲԺǱѧӡͨƶԱǣݲͬҲͬǵҪҲߣֻҪЩһܹµĿγ̣˼̵˻Ϳԡ
һÿûףûģڶÿҲͻỻȥ档
ˮǰΪΪ˰ոõ棬ԽѧԽá
ǻᡣ
ﵹͨϵͳ֪ЭִͬǾöͦƯȥιѧҲ˲ġ
ҲЭͬæҲæ
ԪڱͳлѧſγҲӡˢӡ˳ΪûѧʦĹҪʼȥ̵Ҷǫշˡ
ʱˣЩ֪ʶӦô˵ܹöλһš
Ҷǫ
һﲻǺܺѧﶼҪ̽ͺúýҶǫĿȥѧ
תۼʱ͵ˡ
ͨҶǫЩѪʷȴ֪Ҫôʱ˽̵ѧˣһϵͳܿ˺ܶˣûô֮£ЭͬԺӸ
Ҳֹֻڸˡ
ΪǰͷõϢĸˣеûЭͬſڣһȻǲμӲ˿γ̣/Ҳܺõģ
ȫ֪ԼӦӦǰȥȣ
ʱ򾩶פЭͬԺӵѾʼЩˣǻȥˡ
ЩȺ֮п˿תͷż˵˼仰ûþһЩŸ˾ͱС
ϵͳ־ڣҪץסȺ֮жԼʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ۵Ļʵۣг֮ȻҪЩ
Ա߽Щ߹ҲЩĸط帴ߣʵȥڻʹͷҲй٣ϵͳʶڣ£ûвٵĳŵ
˵ûЩĻ֮˺̤뱻ЭͬԺС·ϣЩûȥϹݣϣ򰲡Ĵ
֪ӦøоԼˣӦøоԼǱˡ
ͻȻĬµȣ


124 
ɺ벻Ĭ϶ûκιϵ, Ѿɸҹˣڶڴ˵ڵǱĸ·㡣
ȼ, ڴҿҲֻĸЦرʾ, Ƕ²ܱ¶ԼݣҪȻҪ϶һߵġ
ûȥùֻЩ, ໥Щ, ˽ھǰյ
ڰ˵, ھͷѾð, гԵдģʱҲԸһڼ, ǳˡ
΢Ц, ʱʱҲḽϼ䣬˵ײİҲǰÓ˶ΣգͳԱ룬оҽƷҲϿ
ҩƷ
ʵִܶЧҩǴӹŷȡģݸĿ˺ۡЩӡˢ
ִͷҽֲᡷܶҲժãǺʵõľܽᡣ
ЩصݶҪճ´½ǱЩߵЧҩ˪
ǿʳҩƷ, ´½֮жҪ찲ˡ
ȰԼδг̸źú󣬿˿ʱѾ֮ǰԼʱ, Щǵ˱ЭͬԺ֮С
ЭͬԺ˸͸ڵԺһ𣬿˲٣ǿԺＷ, һ˫˫֪۾ϡ
/಻ͬسƺš
ȻӦҲûжʹ˵ʲôǰ֮ǰѾ׼õİԪڱͽַ̿ȥ, ֱӽ⣺պʹ˵ı仯֮ѧĵĵǣﶼ΢СɣӷΪ֡
ӻĻѧҺ̬仯ԼԼôԪڱԼÿֶӦ֪ʲôʡ
ȵżĽ̵ȻǾͿһڣ˵Щȿܻкܶȫ⣬;˳ּҲܶࡣ
ЩЩԼ͵͵ԺԱ¥ţԼи򵽵ģĻȫ¶˽
ЩȵȻ֮ܰǰѾ˵ݣٶЩ˵һ飬ЩҶǫշԼѧȥ⸨
⻯ѧһµʱ䣬ڼҲȥھͷŮģϾʱȽĿƣ˼ʽҲѧҶǫ״ԪԻѧʱֵöȽϿ֡
ʱȾһֱϲŮˣҲãֻͬŮҲãҲͦġ
ǵȻҲûлѧϲǣл״ͨһЩ
һʱǰѳкͲָеĻѧ֪ʶ˳ȥ
Э֮ͬȫγ̵ģҲѧ߰˰ˣȻйʵķѮˡ
˵ûĲͦģڽ̵֮󣬽ľǿʼʵˡ
ȵȻҲ̣ܽûʲôҪϾʱͺܳԭʼ˵ʱóǽͼҲûпǽӦֻѧĽ蹤
ȻҲôĵģųǰ֪ʶһ
ʺԭ϶׼ˣǻȻѾˣھͿʼоôЩԭϣʱ컯ʺϳɡ
ϵͳͷеʱܶҲֻó䷽ôʵʩֻʱȥǡ
ȾԼʵеСѧѧεʱʦսѧӼ˳Ȼôҿԣ˶Ԫһηôȥһ
ں
ȲںѾȾɺɫˡ
ȡԺһѧں
Ҳں
/Ѿԭ϶׼ˣֻҪоôʵʩԺǾҲΪʳ֮˶ܳˡ
ȫȸǳĿΪǣ˵һֱľ뾡ְ취ѡ
δйֺγͬżӼ˳֪ʶȥԪһηأ
ڵЩѾ֪оվиģδĿйҪԵĸδ֪һ׷ģյõĽ֤·ٴġ
౾̤۵·һǰнš
㶨˻ѧſκ˿
ÿγȥЭͬǱߣ˴һһҪ׵ˣʱ˵ȻûΣգֻΪⷬٶñԴԽιˡ
[δ˿һʷأ϶ùŴ˴ʵ伫]²š
[˵ֱӸĵʹͷͺˣ]ϵͳ˵
[Ͳòˡ]ʵЭͬͷŵİ⣬Эͬ¥ģҲзЭͬˣԺͷǽġ
кܴһ־ԳЩ۵ĵʿ
ǲԸЩʿ͢ͷԼѧģҪǵЩʿڵͷ⽨ţΪթա
Ըȿɲ
ϣѧģϾ˵⽨ʱлѧҵĻôȻЩʿ
Ĳ˵ЩʿԻҩҲо飬ҶǫھЩʿæŪģδҲϣЩзḻը¯ĵʿܰѸ͸úŪŪȶɿصըҩ
㲻̣ըҩ󣬲ǿɽȡʯ·֮飬Բȥˡ
ӱûʲôģɱ˵ģǾ˵ģʹ⿴ôʹöѡ
֮ⷬ£Э֮ͬѧɼõĲˣʼԼйѧϰһˣǿʼ˶̵ˣһôҲѧȥѧģʼڹ֮˼֮ҪĹѧ
ȸǶĿҪȫ۾ڶûäǹѧҪ٣ǿäʶ١
äĶ壬Ҳ˳ʶٸԼ㡣
Ҫʵ󣬵˵һ顣
ЭͬԺ࣬ʵԸĳԱǣ֮һûУһŬ
ϾԼѾиɻĵطˣҲʶ֣æһϢΪʲôҪѧأ
ʵ֮ǰЭͬҲʲôԵģϾǸɣҲΪʶֻĳԱһȻԷҲѾĿ꣬ѧϰȷʵûʲôҪ
˵Ҳ֮ǰҪҶǫɡʱ򣬲Щ˻һ㣬ʼѧԼôд
ôðѧʱѧ־ֵǿյˡ
ȻǾ˸ӡ
ֻҪðǿʶֵĺôôͿ԰Ѱո
ûкôҲô
õä֤֮󣬿Եһۣ뷨ЭͬЩ󣬶ʱͬһſơ
֤֮⣬ѧҵѧӣҲһ۵Ąÿۄ϶зŵںƣԼǩ𣬴ǩЧ
۵Ą͸ѧҵӾ棬֮зϵͳͨݼ¼ݱȶԣȫЩܹԼŪ١
һʼ϶˻Ū٣ֻ֮Ҫ˺ȻҾͻʵ
Щۄ·ȥǲǱʹνˣԷҪԼۣȥȡǮʲôԣĿĲþ֪ܶʶʱиȥͬĹˡ
ۄ󣬷۵ô⣬ȿⶼ£ǹǮ
ֻҪԸ⻨ǮȻԸ⸶Ͷ
лطǶԴ۽蹤Ĵ֧֡
ѾڸðȥﶼȥǵȴԼµӿʱ䣬λʵۿϵͳʾţЩѹեͶЭͬ+йԱæµ״̬񸺵ĹݣȿʼĥͷǱߵ
ͷǱߺҲ˲ٿõˡ
Ĵ󺣴֪ôˡ
֮ǰҶǫ˵ģͷǱЭͬԱǶصҲ˼
ǫʱûȥӶǱ߾ְںӶҲתò⿤ةְ֮ͼúӶؼΰɣͷǱ֮ǰзӣ˵ҪͷأǱϤһȥ
ҪԼһ˲ǣ


125 
⻰ʱʱ䱻ѹեήҵҶǫ˫һ, ȫһȫϲؿȣѾԭ𣿡
ԭΪõҶǫȰ˵Ҫ뿪, õҶǫػ, ⵹סˣʲôԭ£
ûܾʱЩҲ̫˳۵ĸоҶǫ޹ֿؿȡ
ҶǫȻҲǻῴɫģʱʱԼ⡯ڵΪȻܹܵģֻʲôģǵȻҪϵġ
ϾҶǫҲǲ֪ԼΪʲô, Ǻޡ
ȡ
ȵȻǿҶǫڶԼˣһЩСĻ, ڳû, ԼȻɰġ
бɰЦҶǫһ, ûз϶Էͷġ˳ָָֻۡǰ׫дЩ̲ģѧЩ𣿡
˻ѧ, ȻѧƵĽ̲ҲҪʼ׼ġ
ϵͳѧƽ̲ҪȻѧҪ򵥺ܶ, вִڻ֪ʶݣʱģﶼ
Ҫѽ̲ٺҶǫ̲̽ͷʲãҪһ˾ʱĶһ֣̽Ŀǰû˭ҶǫӺʵˡ
ʱҶǫھ, ûȥӶְԭ
ȻҶǫΪ˸, ͻԼӦҪȥ͡
ҲûУЩáҶǫǰҶѻдֵֽţҲ, Ҳиʣϣȫµ˶ܹʶ, Щ֪ʶǺûǲã
Ҷǫλ߾ģȻҲЭͬͷһʱ䣬ܹܶܵġ
ʼЭͬʵùġ
ΪҶͷ˵ʲôʲôЭͬͷʶֵĳԱܶǴݾҪѸľȥܹͣЩӡ
ҶǫȻûоʲôãΪЭͬ᲻ˣĶλЭͬгԱģЭͬͳߣ֮ǰǸ᳤ǸгԱĴ߶ѡ
ı仯˵ǳԱΪЭͬһӡ
Ǻ¡
ǶЭͬ˵ģҶǫҲû׼Э֮ͬһֱȥ
һ˵Ҷǫ֪֮ӦǺһСл᲻һġ
ڹ˵ùȻ
ҶǫĲ⣬ΪδȻûãȻģЭͬҲЩãʵʱԼѯҲȻһ߰Ҷǫָɵػش
ȻǺõģܶڹ˵۰ɣǫòݴʱЭͬὨٶȸأڷչٶȸ죿
ʼʱ򣬾ֻôСһԺӣڸһӵĶ¥ںüԺӶЭͬķΧֻҪһµģ
Խ࣬϶ǶԴԽõġʮƶ˵
˵ҶǫȻܵܶգȻҲ֪ģҪȻҲ˵˵ۡĻȻѾпˣѡҶǫ϶˵ʲôԵĻ
οҲ΢΢ƫͷҶǫ꿤ǲǺܺã
Ȼڴκһ˵Ǻǵġ
꿤ϣΨһ˵ҲֻдԭѣײĴգڱΪ۰֮ǿǱ˺ܶǱô̶һʱ䣬Ѿйԭס˻ĴԣܹճԻˡ
߾͸˵˵ˡ
ĺͱǱзḻĲݳ͸򣬻ܹ׳ţ
Ǳ򣬷ǳʺϸϹԼ޻ƽԭʮַ֣طֲʳĻֲ㣬ҲرĸߡҶǫǰչʾһͽֻͼһûнȼ⻭š
Ȼطȥܹһֵƽԭصļֵȫûа꿤
ȻȼҶǫһ߻һ˵ǺŷǱߵĵⲿֵͲҪ˵̫ˣΪʱѾ˿֮·Ǵһ·ȥŷޡ
֮ȵıʾͿʼ˷ޣ¾͵˰ޣȲſʼ˵ϱޡ
ͼһ֡
ԭһֱô۾ĵҶǫȻɵͼֽŴͼռССһ䣬ԿƵظܵ𺳡
۾Ȼ˵С
ĵķΧȻӴǱȻźü۵С
Ǵ㡭ҶǫѾܵȶ˵ЩΪʲôڶ˵ЩĲ
һֱǸ㡣ͼȿŻ׼ĻоԼ̻ͼĹûжص˵ͷ˶ܳԵñ£зס᲻ͬݽ棬ܵв
궼ַҴ۱߾ıܺһΪ۵һӡ¶Լ뷨
ĺͱܱģҪˣŴ۵Ļ˼ȥֻЭͬͷǲģȫеĶڶǲġ
Ҷǫͼϴۺıֵȫܷ㡣
꿤Ѿ˴ߴ˴ˡ
Ҷǫ˽ԼѧɨäΪʲô
ŵͼҶǫҲܸܵĺͱѹȸУΪҲܱнȥùҹıȥûгɹռۣδҲռݡ
ڴбڣ޴ȻǶԴõѡ˵ЩԴأҶǫ˵εˡ
ԭ˼ôԶ顣
һˡ
Ϊ֮ĲҲֹڴˡ
ԼΪЩʲôҶǫ˼ţȴʼ⣺ǴȫˣûԸȥô죿
Ҷǫ˵ЩԼ֪ģҲڸЭͬͷ˻ѧ֪ʶʱ򣬺˵Уйɻ
ҲҶǫЩƾշЭͬĿǰзֵ顣
ũԼһԺͷԼɲţͬԼࡣ
Ҷǫ˵ȥİ֮Уʼѧϰ۵ĻǾѾǴ۵ˣܹҽȫûռ˶Է֮󣬾Ϳ԰ѶԷѺ⵽Լū˸Ŀܡ
Ҳȵ뷨Χ֮ڡ
ϾڵĻǱҲãԼδĸͬѡ
οȵʱ֮УȷʵѾûäˣ˸ôܣѧֲֳҵĴδϾ
ȲǻûҶǫģȥ϶ԷǵĿܣǶҶǫⲻǺ𣿡
Ҿ࣬ôȻͻῪʼĥôȥ
ʼʱٵطʽֲģ̫ˣͿʼѧʯ飬Ȼ̫ˣʼũߣũҲ̫ˣʼѡʹ󡣡
ھҲ̫ˣҪôأԸĸԴ
Ҷǫĥȶ˵ЩоԼַ·ûôѾȵĻԷⶨδ֮Уϣ硣
֪֮ܲܿϣ֡
ҶǫһݣһҲɵ˼ȻǸô⡣
ȼúҶǫ˵
ȣ
[̫ܳ˰ɣʲôʾûУôһӾ뵽ģ]ȶϵͳʾԼ𺳡
ѹҪȥͷˡҶǫ˼˵ĥŽͷҲһģӦҲĲ֮һɡ
ȻȾȵ£Ҷǫ˵ȻǸѵĲ롣
ΪͼֽҶǫ͹ȥģһоĹȻ֪ȸͼֽΪֻ֮ˮֳ̫࣬ҪˮһЩҲܳظзġ
һֱϣԼȥѧϰԼȥоġ
ֻƷֱóôȥġ
һӣܼ򵥵ɽЭͬ⣬Эͬ᲻Ҫ̻ɫ
֮óģǰڻѧģʺֶߵȻԶ
ȼú̶ȣ϶ֻǸֻṩô򵥣ֻĶȡǸȻҲȡ
Ҫһȥͷ΢΢죬ƲҶǫظǿ˾䡣
ҶǫգۣԼߵĻŬϵı飬Ʋסʼðǣ˼״Ϊ˽򶫿ǱߵķֻǱȴҲ˲־ͬϵ˵ͷǱʲôҶǫ˵˺ܶԼȥ飬ű޹ؿȣҪҰæ𣿡
ֱתͷҶǫ
Եı飬ҶǫڱסԼϱԷ˵ЦȥڶԷѵˮһ£ÿ
͵Ϯ˵죬ͻȻͿʼɵֵҶǫ֪ӦʲôӦ˵ڲˡ
ЦҶǫ䣬ٴϣ˵ǵ֮ǰǵԼҺܸˡ
ΪԼһСٶ˺ͲˣҲܸˡ
ȣ
һǹġ
Ⱥܿ˹
ѧġȳԼбҶǫһ·
Ҷǫȣͷ𰸲Զ
ȣ
ȷʵҶǫ۸Ҷǫʱ򣬿Էϵı仯Ƿǳɰš
ⷽͲҪѧˡ
ǣҶǫᰴϣЦӦ
--------------------


126 
ȱΪкܶ˷ԵĽͷ֮, Ϻ˳İȥˡ
Ҷǫ˶ûаȰɵĻ
֮ǰȥЭͬǱߵʱЩ˶йԼ߶ľ, ôȥԶĽͷǱ߷û˽ˣ
֡
ʵҲͦ򵥵ġ
ϾԹ, ʵ뿪ȥطܺѲӵȵȣǷǳġ
ʵֲΣôûʵ۶ڻʹﲻ
ȥȰɻʵۼٳ, ҲΪʵ۳̫ݳ, ⹩, Ŀǰ۵ĹĲ˵, Ǯеǡ
ο㲻ӯ⣬ĿǰҲѾӰ, Ǳ³˴ݳһ, ʱĶܼӡ
ٶڹȥеĻʵ˵ֻǿϷʲôģǷǳӣƽ綼ٰ졣
ʡǮڻʵ۳ʲôȫ´࣬οȥĻǽ򶫿ôĵط
ȻЩڳ˵ҪģҪǱȥ˽򶫿ǱߣͲٸӹˡ
ҪŪѧ³ЭͬǱæ, ҲҪæİѧ蹤, ԼҪõĹְƷְ𻮷ֵȵȵ飬϶æġ
ڱҪȥ򶫿Ǳ, ڵĿ϶ǽ򶫿Ǳߵˣ϶ûʲô𡭡
ţ
ʵ۳ж˴ССĹԱԼȵ, ȳоͺܼ򵥣ҲʹҶǫշҲûа˭ƽʵҲǸģҪҪģͷľ߰˰ӼѶʱҲܹ
е佫汾ҪŹģ˳㻹ܿŮԷǱ²ھڣܻĻ죬ûӦǸƼ򱱺аȫˡ
Ҷǫʱ֪Լһμȵʱ򣬸ŵλߵʵݡ
Ҳǵһγǣһ·Ҳʱʱƿӿͷľɫûͼֲסˡ
н·ѾΪƽˣ·Ҳȫƽ
ˡ
ǰˮ·ˣĵɼҲûи㡣
Ȳ¼ˣӽͷǱ߻ǿԶϵġ
˵;еĻǳȽ
Ŵ۵ȻǲܵģֻǽͷǱ𳵺ͶӦĹҲԿʼˣϾĻ𳵹Ҳ̫ӡ
ǵøػвҪ·᳹ϱǸ󹤳̣ûиʮŪ꣬ðЩľҵ㶨ˡ
ûо羰˵ȿʼϵͳͼֽ滮·ĹµҲӣΪ۾޽õĹٵڹٵһһ·ͺˡ
ǵȵʽͷʱʶϵͳϽ飬ɺʵ·滮ͼѾˡ
ڸ̵ʱϵͳȥѽͷɨһ顣
ȿϵͳűͷߵܿͷԼعĵʵѾзˣ֮ǰ·ҪŪĻҲѾ˳Ρ
ֻҲ˵ǻ𳵳λΡ
žǸĳͷ߹ڳᣬŸֽϴ󲻺ð˵ĲϣҲûʲô·ʻš
[ⶫѾ˾Ȼûϱ]ȶϵͳ˵һ䣬Ҳǣͷ֮ǰ촬ŵľͺûãĿǰͺҲҲֻڵϴ޴ĺֻ˵ʤޡ
˵ûеóоɹֻмɽ׶εİƷȻûʲôֵͷȥ˵ġ
֮⣬Ȼע⵽Ŀǰͷ
׼ȷ˵ͷ˾ס֮⣬๤͸ɵģͷΧѾûʲôֵأԭЭͬᰲϵ޻ڶЩķϵˡ
ϾʳƥʲôģԴͷϸҴֻ󣬴꿤ǱʳƥԶѻɽ׾پͿԹ򵽱˵ʳ·ûߣѡǱȻˡ
ұġġ֯ġľĸھеûеĹȫܹ
ÓÓһȫµĹҵС
ΪͷߵȺɶԹΪҰԽԽĹ裬һֱܴټϱͷŮǺЭͬһģЭͬʵҪȾǿЩ
˭Ǻڽ򶫿طһ۸ԼӶˣͻᱻЭͬԼ̸̸Ȼͷߺܿͻ첻ȥˡ
ЩͷļȻǲ˵ģͨ˵Ȼ֪ܿڽͷܳԱů۸Ҳࡣ
Щܿͻ֣ᷢʵʵͷĹЧҲ֮ͦҲֻűˡ
[ͷߵЭͬͦǿƵİõ˿١]⻰ͷͦ˵ġ
Ϸ˸룬ǰͷ̸ˣʱźҶǫһ߳һ̧ȾƼվӭӶǰ洩Ʒٷ
ϴμԷѾҪˣټԷѾȫմԽʱ߿޿СŮ鳤ѾŮӵĸоֲ̫ǿƣһֺ׺ĿɿģȹȥڹϼЩŮԵģ
էһЩϰߡ
Ϊ仯̫󣬶ȹȥЩŹٷĹԱǣŨŨĺȦûС
ͷߵĹǺɵġ
ȺɫĲš
򻯵½õй֮г˶پ磬ǹ֮ȾͿʼŮǿʼѯͷߵĹصȹעľзչϡ
ĿǰѾûʲô׾ıҪڶԷ¶Ŀǰоʱȶһһ˽
ͷоﲻ漰ѧʵ⣬һҲѧϵģȫȱУҪϵͳҲشغɡ
˳˼չо򣬰ѻԼҲȥ
һϯȥ˶죬Ů˵ͷͺóʱԽ˵ʶַǿҲǳ
ֻϯ֮ȿԺҶǫµĻٯٯЩŮһ˷ܵǡһӰࡣ
Ըָˣܲñ뿪ͷ֮ǰɹɣ
ŮһҪǵıչԼڶȴǴҶǫȥͷߵЭͬᡣ
ϳԱҶǫȻԴʲô
֪ܲ
˵ҪһͷʵϿ϶Ҫȥġ
ͷЭͬߴ˶ûмȵģϾȥڶ򶫿յĳ֮£ѾΪȺ塣Ҷǫǰ᳤֮ǰܳһʱ䣬˽򶫿ֲҶǺϤġ
ͷڽͷδغʹҶǫȥֻᴴʼ˻Ǻܺõġ
ЭͬԺϳҶǫ󣬺Ҷǫһͨװ˭ȻԶ
ЭͬͷĳԱŸòù򣬺ҶǫȻؿʼԺ˴кƽҶǫ˺ö˵֣ȻЦݵ˵ֻˣ
ǫ˿Ҷǫ̬ҲӦ˵ٴγȡ
Ҷǫɫȣ˵Ǻ;ͷһͺˣҲ֪лᴴ𣿹ȥһֱ˵Ҫһ𣿡
ʱһ𣿡ҶǫĻûסҶǫ²
˶ҶǫӣȵЦŴæõϢմӸ˸кþò
˫һ˹
Ҷǫ˵ӣȫһվһأ
㲻Ҫ˺ԥ˵
˿⼸˵ĻʱЦһš
--------------------


127 
һûԺ, ܿǾͱϢ֮С
ͷߵĸ˲ˮ˺̹Ȼʵ͹ǫҪ֪л, һжǰչȥҪ, 鶼Ҫ˶
ⲢΪЩȺܿ˵
֮ϵͳǱ߿˺ܶͷߵϣҪ˽ͷЭͬ߾ûȥϸ˽⡣
ΪҪ
ȶ˶ж, ֲȫϵͳһѶϢŻжϵġ
ͷһ, ˹ؿ϶Ǻ, Ը, һҺôΣյ飬ҲԸ洬ȥ, , ҲðΣմź
󾩶Ǳ߿˿ƾ٣ҲǵڵʱͷߵҲŲμӣΪЭͬջǶûЩѾ˵ߵ˶ڿҿҸŬš
˵׷ĻǲЭͬôġ
Ҫ֪ǵʱ򣬸ͷܶ˹Ͽ, ֪Эͬʲôл̬֮Ƕڿġ
Щ˲Ⱥ֮е뷨
Ҫ˵ȺҶǫйǱ߹, һ·ҲܿڸԾ״̬ǳ͹ǡ
пٵģճֳԱǵǲܻٵ, Ȼȫǰ⼸˵ġ
ҲӦյǱߵĹѧϢ˰ɡǰ˵ͷȲż˵, ĳ߾ͷΪ֣һָȥطĹһָ𶽲ͽ̻Ĺ
ĳˣ佫Ҳϣˡ
սѵɹȥ佫Ǹ𣬶ʿǵԼ̻ЩµĹԱ𡭡ȶЩ˵Լⶨ¾ṹ
ʵӦûоĹĿǰڿ϶ǲʵģ̵ʿظҵĻڱ߷ͻһ
ڳ룬ֻҪ΢˼ܷ֣ʵ׽ṹǽͷЭͬһֱʵʩ·
ЩŮǸ͹ĹЭͬҪǸ˵Ͷ鷴顣˫໥齨ͷ֮ж⡣
İ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ໥зֵҲɺܶࡣ
ЭͬỹǱٸԼŵģ໥ϣóݼܹĺô棬ͷЩʵϸҪҶǫǸࡣ
ֻǡ
ǷΪּ⣿ͷ˼󣬶ʵ
Ӧ΢΢̾˿Ѿ֪ͷ˼ˣʵҲû̫⡣
ܶٴ붼Σʱſƽ統Դʱ򣬴ҶôǱ߼Ҫ֣鲻֣ûоӲϡ
ʱ龰в˸֪ʮΣˡ
˺ܶµľٴ룬µĳԣҲʲô˷ԣǷǳԸϡ
һ
廷ǺܰȵģĳϵǱߺøı䣬Ϊھһ飬ģ˶æ޴ʱ򣬽ƶȸĸﷴ׵ġ
佫ߺȶǱ߾֮ǰһۣʱûʲôвˮĳñƳǵĽҲЧضԱз
ȶʱҪ佫ϵ֮иһȨǷǳѣǳܻܵ佫Ǳ߼󿹾ܵġ
ţĿͬڵ򱱺ǱߣȻӶԷصı֮п˲ͬ
һ׵ʱ䣬Ǹմʱ
ҪŵĻϣתһ֧ɿΪΪľӣһ֧֧ͨĴӣӶʵԸ㣬նȥľװ
ΪԼͷ壬ټΪȥ佫Ǳһֱܵʵĳѹƣúܱ΢Ӹº󣬼󽫾׷ԾϾͿԿó
ųһ¡
ȻĿ䵽һս飬к͹ٸԼפ򽻵ĽͷЭͬߣϣȥ֮¡
ֻҪܾˡ
˵Ҳǣǰѽͷ߽úúõģгдס°صԼУҸܰʱ̣ͻȻȥ߽ðȥսͲ̫ܡ
ǰĻ˼ʵҲ˵Իʵ۵˵ĻǲΌּģȻǺº͵˵ǡ
Ӧȥѣȥѡȱˡ
ǡ֣˿Լض˵˵ȹȻԸҲֻܴҸˣҵȲԻκҪ󡣡
˵󣬿Ŀɺº͵ؿԼûа㱻ܾĸ֮˿
ҲǣһֱΪǻʵˣͶԼͬŭ
ڳͷҲиӦŵġ
Ŀ⾪ȵؿЩˣʶԼܻ⵽ܾѾ׼š
ǰЩˣϸЩЦ⣬ǶЩ˵ǿԼǴЭ֮ͬ˵ˣӦȥôӲͷƤȥ
õȰοǲҲЦ࣬㱼ֻصǰǴ֮ھƾСԺʱ
ʮֵϤ񵱳Щ˶ûзı䡣
ûǿ˵ʵͷЭ֮ͬҲвٳԱͷפصĹٱ
Ҳ˵ͷߵӣ͹ڱפصʱ죬ߵӺҸΪﲻҪͱսֻҪһʿͿˡ
ڱ߾Ϊʲôòһʿ֪߻ʲôݣȻ˵ôϸ
ǱлǲǶѾʼˣͷߵȻҲ䡣
ȥˣҵǸϲôôӹøһЩʾԼҲģȥҪҵĵطҾͦõġ
ȻҲֻǱԼ뷨˶ԸðŷȥսģھְҪȥǰҲһ
ְȫûΣգ֮ǰȷ䵽棬Ҳʷôߵλá
ȻֻƾЩͷǲģĹҶǫ׼ȥ֮оְЭ֮ͬѯʣûԸ֮ͬˡ
ʣʵҲǲģ֮ȥҲҪѡˣԱҲӦֻǸ߸ͬĹԱ
뵽ʿ֮вӦҪ׷
Эͬ˵˽⣬ǰٷ򳤣鳤ʲϽʿ֮УҪЭͬĳԱΪͼල
ˣ϶ܶ඼ҪȥЩʿ֮ѡġ
ҶǫȥѰ߳ԱǣҪʼȥ˼ôߣᱻ谭
ûпǹϵĿܡ
ȫ̸ݵ򱱺Ҳһ뷨
֮ǰ¿ܻЭͬǱߵģʽƹ㵽֮У˵ݣֻ˵ȫϡ
򱱺϶ǲϣĸġ
ڸ֮һжܺã˳֧֮͢ȫٵ״̬
ήҲ񣬱ǱˮǽͻڣҲûַ߽ɱӵǻֺαҪΣտܻ飿
յľԱأڵİնԱҲȫ֧֣ɾΪֻоһǳصפһҲѣôֵܹסĸϼԼʮĴأ
ãʺϴۡ
򱱺˼ԼҪô˵˵·ͷ
ǴҪ򱱺ԸϽģôܹøԸ⡣
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128 
󽫾, ʱֻңڸղ˵, ʲôҪ˵ģȸղſ򱱺ı, ֪ԷǲͬģҲ֪򱱺ƫ򱣻һɵġ
ټ϶Էһֱ־ҲǿҲα, ԼʶԷͬ, Ҳ򱱺Լܹȡİ֡
ȵı, 򱱺֪¶ڸƵ黹Ǻܼᶨ, ̬Ⲣѯ׼Ҫ˵
򱱺΢΢̾˿
űҪ鶼ǻɵ, ͱ統
ͷ, 򱱺ǲϣڸλͷ­ѪĽϡ
߽ȹ̣˾ְְأҲδйȥԱǰ֮ٴ룬ԵҪԾأ򱱺Ҳ֪
󽫾ǾĵƶȲ𣿡λϽĻȻǺġ
Ǹݺľưڴ۵еϲ, ǻϽǵеġ
ϵʻ򱱺Ĭ
ȻΪĸǺܺõġ
ȥ򱱺оҪھвõĸ֮£ʱ򱱺;úܺ, ڱİ¾óˣ򱱺ܿʶ޸ĺƶȣҪЩ
򱱺гûȥפӪ, ͷڹٱķòȫһˣһܾ, ѵһЩְȫȥɢһһӵľһϵܡ
˵ʱûҪפս£򱱺;ѾǺԼȥĸٱǲһˣž硣
⻹ֻǾЭͬݴһֱϣƵĹƶȳ׷ŵУ϶ܸıۺܶطפ
֮Ǻõġ򱱺Цһû뵽ԼһѰķȴԼֹ飬ĿǰУóȻ޸ľ֮£ֻӦ仯֮ʣⲿǻô֮ʣ롣
ܻб뷨⻰򱱺ʱ˵֪ģԱµ˼ǣȻ֮£Ѿ翼ǹЩ顣
̩ɽȹֺ̣αð˷գȥҲǴܵнܸõĵнð˴ķգղ޶á򱱺Ȱ˵
ͺñȴϷʱһͨСͿԿ֣ҪȥϾʮżܴۣ봽õȥСһ¡
ԣûҪ
򱱺Ŭڶȱ˼
ȻˣòԣЩɻƫͷ򱱺󽫾Ϊξ¾ƣΪǺ͹ȥһ߽Ľ
򱱺һ㶡
һֱ뷨Ҫ±Ϊ𣿡ȹóͬλܶĿ꣬򱱺˵
ȵǱ֪ģֻҪ΢ȥǱߴ֪¹ȥȷʵǶµ
ȫΥͣҲûκͻأ
ǳеĴǣҲΪΪ壬Ասʲôʵġ
տܵʷչͬλᱻڳǿҷԣǹ飬ǽǮݵĴԹ۶Աս
ڴûв۳֮еʱ򣬴ͨպܶ඼ǴҪıԵϣǱߵʳ󣬲ǻ˺Щĵ
ͬλʱȫû׼ֻųһζսǾǲڴ۾˰Ǯ߽۾ڰֻܳƬƬ
ڲôܲңѣ
ȫһˡ
۵ĲսҲֻǿס߽ѡ
ⲻʮ侲ؿ򱱺˵ҪĿɲȹ̱߽ǴӴ֮ûбҲûģĿ֮֮Ǵء
󽫾ҪȰҹغɽȶ򱱺ʵĿżӡ
ȫû뵽򱱺ΪĽ죬ȻǸسɡ
Լ͵ҪһЭˡ
򱱺㶵ؿȣȫû뵽ȸƵĿΪ
ǲ𡭡򱱺ʶ˵Ȼû˵꣬Ͷס˵ȥˡ
ʲôӦأڳдǲȫǱµӦ𣿾˵ҪȢ״ԪɣƨҶһȫֽкá
ڳĳѾ³ѱˣȫǱ˵ʲôʲô
Ϊʲôȫû¸ƵĿҪսأ򱱺š
Ϊ֮Уд۵Ļʵ۶δйЩ뷨ܹס߽Ѿܺˡ
ǳȥһ·򵽱ͥôԭƬֲܱѱû˱µ֡
ǹȥʷ֪ǵľ飬ʵˣҲˡ
һֱģԼ򱱺Ҳٹ̣ЩţһҪɱͥսͬǱѩޣȴδľôһ졣
򱱺һõĳνҲ򱱶ѣҲһֱôõסߡ
ȥЩߣЦŭһһӰ򱱺УȫѪģģ
ѾʮȥˣЩ򱱺ԼѾȴˣʱŷԼԭȫš
ԭԼδȴ
ǧȷ򱱺΢΢š
ˣ󽫾ΪΪԻ٣Ȳ̫Ϊʲô򱱺ͻȻ֮ôӦԶԷĻȻǸ˺ܼᶨĻظ
򱱺ⷴʣҲ˼£Ϊʲôš
һֱǱ±ֵȷʵսǿӲš
Ǵֻ֣°˶ԷӻǱºԥλնʾڣȫ´ܻ˶۳ս
֮ӶǱҲˣʶӶǱҪ췴ȥѺӶǱߵ¾һա
Ǳ¾ǲսսˡ
򱱺룬ԼΪʲôбʵ͹ȥûʲôͬϣսˡ
Լش꿤Ϊ۱󣬳꿤֮⣬κμν򱱺ŬίĻ
Ͼ꿤£ʵͼνûκιϵǿǳͷ
򱱺⻰ȣ
ôһ˵Ŷ˵ͼ¼ȳĬš
ҲҪһԼ޹
ҲǵһεʵۣǸʵۣһνʲô鶼ĳŪˣ΢û͸Ǹ¾ͽˡ
Щǰ¾ͺˡ
ڼϵ֪ۿ֮Ƕʱ䶼ںܱ״̬֮УѹͲܼν飬ԵʱǳǱνֱӸˣȫûжʲôע
ȷ˷۵ֱĴ󳼣ӦҪھġ
󹦳νȫûУֻ˶ԷصĹ
ֻⷱصĹȸŵģ꿤£ȫĳǸġ
ȿϵͳǱչʾѶϢ˳˼
ǡĳϵΪɶǸν佫ǱߵĹٱǶֻܵͣ˿ķ͡
дǺг
꿤Ȼܶ˶ԼҪĳǷͷȷʵгĳ̶ȡ
ʱΪ¿ЩصĹԱǺܲˬҲͲȥ汨ʲôνΪ˧ûеõν֮رԣڳ˵ʵϣԼģΪԼƲϵǨŭ˭ֱӾˡ
ڳǣ¹ȻǳЩصĹԱǣǵҪʵЩˡ
˵ʵɵĲҾ磬˵Ȼܾ򱱺ʧ
ԼӢĻʵҪġ
ȸɿһرʾ޲ش˷ھֻǵʱ˸νȶȻش˵ġ
򱱺뵱ʱ¶ԸĲ֣ʱȷʵǵ͵ĻصĹԱ˼ͻ׷ѫȥǼ͵طԱǶ
Ǻ򱱺Ҳûκ⣬вȼŨҵս⣬޲Լھսɱ߽
򱱺һסⷭӿȥȱȻṼձȻ̤ƽͥͷ­£
ȣ
ǡЩôһرϲͷ­
Ĳ뿴Դ
󽫾𡣡ЩǿЦţ򱱺Ŭº͵ı飬Ȼ󽫾Ըޣɷ˵˵βø֮£
󽫾ڸйְԸ񶼺˽⡣ûЭ»Щ˵ģϾ򱱺ľḻھйϵڶѡ
򱱺ʱ˿ɴڼ֮УŶǱĴ۵ĳ롣
ȫǱµĴ֮£ɲ
ǿǱ£
´ǣֻҪԸøս˵ǿ֮£赣λǲϡ򱱺ʮƶ˵
ֻҪǳȥȺģ֮ʲôʵ۸ģôôģ
ĸڱ߽սĽʿͶıûѪأڸʧǵ棬ҲȫԱľȡ
⽫ĸȸǮǵ㣿
˫ش̼֮£ܻе㲻ô˵ߣǻϷӡ
--------------------


129 
򱱺ֱ߾״, ֮
ԼⱲӶûôҪȡĲ¹
ȿλϽӶȰҪ侲Щһô岻, ҲԱǸʵ䶼Ҫʱ׼ġ
ƵȱҲûһԴͰȥ, ڶֻŪǰڹ
ȵߵ.һˣĳԸϵĶȥŪԵ㣬ܵײ鳤֮жϵʿҲҪиһŻгЧ, ܹ֯жǾҪˡ
ϵͳļ, ΪۼĻԼҲǸٵ, ٻʮ껹ȵ, ȺģϾļԲȶ
򱱺˵, Ѿʮ, ˵ӹǻǿȻ㲻飬򱱺ûжԼٻģһ㶼Ȳ
ȰοĻ򱱺Ͼ;òˣôܻϺüأ
֮ǰǾѾ˵Ķ
Ǳ߲ǾѾһ֧õóֵĲ
ȻǼһŪģʽͱ뻹в𣬲ں˻ûв̫, ֻҪ΢һⲻһԵ
ĸҲǲһʼ
ձµҪ󲻾ÿ鳤֮ҪһЭͬҲͻֻҪ֮һĹٱͿˡ
ǱҲˣٴǱ߰, ȫֱӰѱĸɵǾͿԶս˰
򱱺ֱǰȻû׼ʼĹֱӸŵˡ
ƿ, 򱱺ôһŲֻҪ䱸, Ϳǰںü׼ӡ
ɻûأ
鲻Ҫô
ȱԼ뷨Ҫ򱱺侲һЩŲ
򱱺ȶݺȴû̫ĶǶȷʵ£˵͸䱸ϣ
ѯû취ش
ϵͳǿóͼҪ̫ˣǻ𳵻ǺֻǷϵȵȵˣҪ˲ź͹ȥġ
浱ȻҲᵱصĿȥѧҲֻǳչĽ׶ΣЩԤѧҵĵʿǿʼоôȶĻƻҩǹԲһܸ㶨ġ
˲Ų
ȶԴ۵Ĺ滮㷢չʮ֮ŻĻš
ʮ󣬲ĻǱ˶ѾˣҪ˭أ򱱺ȵļƻ֮󣬶ʵ
Ѿ⻰ﵱȻ򱱺ŵ˵ʮȷʵѾ㹻ߵıһˡ
侲׵򱱺еȻǺģҲҪı²ǳ嶯£ڲıŴ۵İҲŽʿǡ
νĻĵҲĪڴˡ
򱱺ȵǴų羴ģЩ佫Ҫ˵ģԱµĲܳﱸȻ֮ûıЩһǱ߽Ļᣬ߽פ°ڻһˣµ˺ЩûѪġ
ʮ󣬽ǻΪ˹ѫӱ°ţսʿǱȻǲԸĲġ
ʿ˫սĹ֮УʱڻʱڣǺҪ顣
ʮĳͰǶȶԲԸٶ⶯꣬һʱõġ
ֻҪͷ֮ټѾγ˹ԣж˷ԡ
ڱҪʱȿ
򱱺Ļ˼һֶԷ˵Ǻеġ
һʶԼ治Ǵ̵ϣ򱱺λڹЩ߰ʵֵ£Ĵ󽫣Ҳǳġ
󽫾ȷе±ɴ󽫾ȫȨִаɡȿó򱱺ԸƺͶս֮µ棬ڲɶԷ£ȻԸѡ˲˲ɡġ
[ͳҾá֮ǰ۳Ӧúûʲôϵ]߳׶򱱺Ժϵͳ²
Ǹףһһӡʵ˰
ֵ²ԱȫģһһȫǱ۵Ұĺ޹
[ôһ˶׾Ϳ]һԼֵȫһܺӵĴ
֮ǰйģԼ֮ǰҪµһԼҪ˹ˣµЩ˻᲻Լ
ڿȫᡣ
ʱǻпƣΪóĸֻлЩͷԣԻ¡
˹ó׵֮Щ˾ò󣬾ͻֱѾӿˡ
ʱڸܵԼʵݹĳˡ
򱱺˼ڱĥһ꣬ȻҪʼˡ
֪˶ʮǿҵĻ־֢ͺڲ־֢ôطͲҪ뷽跨ϣĹ黯ţҲҪǰʼǡ
ͷͺ
ܹ˵ʳ
ʱȫȴĹңȫΪԷֻҪ㹻ʳôЩ˵˭ʵۡ˭ڣⶼν顣
ֻҪʳЩ黯ֱӴӵģʽɼģʽ
[ͳͷĴ󺣴Ҫòܽð]޴½Ǳߵסͷˡ
[ٰͿˮԺˡ]ⲻȵһˣϵͳش÷ǳѸ١
ˮ֮ȥ´½һҲҪһȰɣǴһʳʳҲҪʱİ
Ҫģ
ָ㼫ʱ䣬ʹԼԴоԼͷˡ
û׼ʱģ
ֻܳĬ󣬶ϵͳٴ˵[ͳ˵ͷϵССѰæһ£Ҳǿȥ޵İɣ̫̿ʳˣڴ۵İղǿܳԵϷ]
ϵͳǱߺܿͶ־תˣܿͶ˵[־Ǳ˵ֻҪ´½ĻkֱӴǱ߰Ѻ]
ȻԼˣ[ɶ]
[ʲôʱͷߵĺѾȥ´½ˣ]ȱʾʮ𾪡
[ǵġ]ϵͳȲ[޴½ǱҲԼİ]
ϵͳ˵ǱԼ飬Ȼ֪ģֻȵĸ֪֮УʷԷڱռ֮ǰ񶼻ǲӣû뵽Ȼк
Լߺܶʷ֪ʶǺȥ˽ĳ׹ȣʾԼȫ˽⣬ֱʾԼĿ̰ӡ
Ǳ߷ţϵͳҲ־ǱߵõһЩѶϢȴţ[־˵ǱߺʽͷҹٷСơ]
־Ȼر˵ִֻƣ˵дֻһô˵ֺֻˡӷɿš
ڴǹٴ
[ǰλѰɵĻʵۣûѰѰ´½ˣ]ǳ˳顣
֮ȵ벻ˡ
ķչ˵Ǹ£Ⱦİ־ɾشҺӡǴ۹
ǰѾƷˣǰĶǴ۵ģǰĺҲǴ۵ģ
ܽд
Ӧ˵ԭȫҪš
´½ĺǷḻĸʳʣ϶ǳǴũĿ
֮϶˶´½
֮󺣴޿ȫʮ˳µ飬Ҳȥô˽һֱ´½¡
˵ɵĹ⻷ѾŨˣȫõ˲¡
ʮ֮߳⡭
һºΪͷΨһ˵ȣǴϵͳǱյ־ĺϢ
kӡ´½ѾǺˣֻҪٹһʱܹǽͷˣ
ȶʱ۷Լеëһףշ˵ȥЭͬǱ߰ѹǫϣͷǱȤĶˡ
ȤĶ
շɻȫ벻ʲôĶñ¶Ȥġ
ȫûյϢ֪飬֪Ҳȥˡ
µ˽֪
շҲͷ΢ͷԺ󣬵ܿͰȥͷûйȥã͵ȵҶǫɫҴҵظ˹
Ҷǫ󣬻һЭͬԱǡ
ææյ֪ͨҶǫϹΪʲô飬Ȼڿȫı飬ȻʲôϢ
ٶԷﻰͷȤӦֻȤѡ
Ҷǫ˿бǸؿŸЭͬԱǣŶʵ˵Ȥ֮ǡûҶǫѯʵĻ˵꣬͸оǰôĴ硣
˵ϻ
ҶǫţȻͿǰȰԼ紵ͷעƿһ˸߲ҵźԶš
ˡ
ҶǫһĻŷĶԡ
Ҷǫš
ҪãܿһҿʽϤƾɣԲǴ۹ٴĴֻںϳ֣ԲٶȷŽͷ
ΣգҶǫæͷ֮ţͷ֮Ҳܿ췢ʮ쳣ĴֻǳæشͷǱתƿ
ӷǺϰԼҲһյʱ䡣
һ죬˾ؿҺֱ嵽ͷһɳ̲ϣԼײĳɳ̲Ľʯ֮ϣֻ˲飬ھк;ɢҴֻصʡ
ĿɿڴؿǰһС
[־Ǽһʲô]ֱӷɵǰֻҶǫշز׺ǣȼҪԼĿڶϵͳʵ
ȷʵҪҶǫǿ֡
Щ˿޺۸ۿŴ¡
עʷ֮ʷԵһĻ
Ժ֮гֵģӦԼںܶϿӣĸվܱģʮֻĺֳ
ϵͳ[]
[־˵k޹ġ޵ĺãkһ·ɲס]ϵͳŬضȽ͵
ȣ[]
пϢ˵ǴٴǸǰĺĸģĴֱֻϺĻи⡭
ҭţⶼȥ˶ˣ޴½Ǳߵ˾Ͳһ
ıţͿԼǰͷҶǫãȻػعͷ͸żǿ˵ġȤ£
ȣ
־ҽƱһ£
# ʱͬӽǿչ


130 -գϣ
˳, Ϊ۳ɵض¬ϼѵشӱҺ籧Թ, ˴ִһ·óԼϱõ޷, ɿ촩ԼůЩ
عȥĵĵطı¬ڵؾһȽƫϵĿ
¬ǳͷβ۳Ϸˣصʱȫû뵽߾Ȼų¶ȡ
ǵǻ, ֱֻӸˡ
ڲ, Լ, Ȣϱ, Լȫӡ
ⶼΪǱ¡
¬ڳǰ֣صظϹŵ㡣
ʵ̫ΪʲôϣǺڽɫ, ʺǰɫ, ˵嶼ǴŽӲӵĹ𣿲Ҷ˵⻭ǣ¬ҲͰŴҵ˵š
¬ҲûʲôӣֻλܻþһЩ̫ƽӲŻЩ
ݽ¬ϴӳ˿ӣ׼ȥѧˡ
ũʱڣֲ꿤ҲͶ˼عڵ, ҲҪôŪũƽеʱǷǳࡣ
¬Ҫ, ũеʱȥѧͷЩ˵ũ˵ۻ
һֱǼҫ飬Ҳһڹȥ¬ͬԼйϵ顣
ƫƫʱ䣬Ͼͷĸı䡣
Ǳظѧʱ, ¬ϲû׼ȥʶºԼʲôϵνۄɶ, ܹͨũ˶¬
Ͼʱ֮±йעֿۣԲ찤ʱʱ˱һʬϳȥ
ǻȻǳԲ̫Ҳû۸ǣгס֮⣬˵Ѿʲôˡ
Եһѧ֮вû¬ϣȥˣеľѵȥռˣеľۄԼҲ˻Ǯɶġ
Щ¬϶⣬Ȼܿˡ
ƽѰһ˵أ꿤ϵĵطǱйĲݳҲûʲô͵ʳ⶯ֲСʹֻҪԸȥĶ쵽Ķϵʹá
ȻҲ꿤һȫǹڱµģֻʹȨס
˭ںأǿĶء
꿤ʱһҲĶؼƶ񤣬ҲĶ
ʱʮĶص˼ҾͿүˣһĶأһӹȥģǲȥүֻүĿԹ˸֣ǱһжҪԼ
Ǻ࣬ǹȥûԼأүǸǿǲ໹ûóԺȣѡһǵȻ֪Ӧô
οٸǱ˵и䱸µũߣÿĸֵ鶼ü򵥺ܶࡣ
ڵĹٸǰʱԲһٸ˵ڵĻûٵġ
ûЩʲôүѹǵģӹȥ꿤Ǳߵ˾Ϳ֪ˡ
ǵһȥǣһÿˡ
ڿֵˡ
꿤ǱߵڣͲƥ֤ҶȥȥͷǹŲɣǺܶũǷ׷ױ
̫࣬ȥصֲֹһظغظֻһСѣǹٸǱѡһõѧɨäҵǰȥǸзḻӾ飬ũǡ
ºܺҲһƬ
¬Ҳǰһ
ںѧʲôѵıˣҲںۄǵǮҪԼء
ǳҪ
ҲũģӹҲԣĸ˸¬ϣڴһ¬¬¬ӵʮۡ
ֻϧʱһ󲡣иĸΪ˾Ϳ˼лѽеһĶˡҾʵǸĸĳ
¬һֱΪΣҲִ
ʱҲȥˣȻһ¬ûбѡУֻܿŵȥѧɨäͬ˺
ǰ꿤ǰϰĿ˵ǴֺĴˣ˵ҪĴ¬Ͼͼæȥѧͷ
Ѿˣٸʲô£ȽŹѧͷˣǧټƵȥʶְ
¬ڶʶֲߣĿǻлرģһ¬õۄͬǱȽģʱҲոպá
ĸˣҪȥǱߵظ黯ȻЩȥ¿ЩһֻΪǱ߱˾ͺܶ࣬Ǵ֮ʦ¾գڶȻڣָܹЩֻһĶء
ֻ˵Ǳ߻ҹĲƲҲܷ񣬹ӭ˴գͷģԸĸɨä̻ģԶһǮ룬˵ҲطĲ
¬ϾͱѡˣԼؾԼĸ¬ۄЩǮŶδ̤ȥߵ·һ·ϻ˲ԻǵĹٱһЩ
˵ʲôʼñǱģߴ󽫾ֱϾۣƾʲôǱߵıģҪȥ߸ƣǳҪʱ򣬼Ҫ
⻰˼ʱ¬һҡ
Ͼȥѧˣôȥߣһɾֻȥˣǿǿຮ֮ء
ЩٱǿžͷܲƽЩҲûдǹٱڲǲϣҪԱߵģ˵ǱߵĹٱǶҪ
Щٱ˵Ҳǳ˼Щ·ǲ
ȥѧõ·ϣ¬ϻ£ûǴѧ֮С
¬ʦͷѾвŮٵĴˣһ¬ϻ
¬ʦ¬ϿЦõظЩԭסš
һһţ¬˸տõĺ¬ʦԡ
ллԵ¬ϣŬŵضŴ˵
ڵʦ֮¬ҲΪʦĵ
ʵ黯û¬ʼ֪ô
¬ѾˣҲǺЩǿͨĳ̶ȡ
ôҪʼһ꣬Щĵ˶ڴߴǹȥ۾ǺܲģԶ¬Щ۾ɵصҲų⡣
ǺǱߵūһ߰վİնѣԼҹ̫ģҲȫûмҹڡ
ͷЩͺʳﶼ֣ҶӿԳԣҲԳԣҲҪҪӵĹɹԼÓǺڡ
Ҳܷ㣬ȥҲ󣬳˲״֮⣬ûʲôȱ㡣
治ǱŪʳ
İǶܡʵǳԱ˲ǾǴ۵ˣ˰ɡ
˺ԭĵİ̬˸180ת䡣
ǵڶ¬˳ʼĽѧ
黯ĵȻֻ¬һˣֻǲõһʮĽѧģʽ¬ϸ̵ľǰʮλ
˫Բͬ¬Ͻͨʲôģʴ̵Ǳ
ֻҪʮ˴ţ֮ܳͨɺܶˣΪܼ򵥹ͨ¬ҪľֻǺЩԭס˵¾ͺá
ɨäЩնʶֵĹǻظĹѧģ¬ϱҲäˮƽ̫ʦ
¬϶Щ˵ĹҲӣߴһԼӹѧͷģȥԴĸֹ£֮ݣʵõҲ˵Ŀǰ۵ĹƶȣӦô취Լѡֵȵȡ
뵽ʲô˵ʲô£֮ǰȥѧͷĽ̵ǵʦ˵黯ǱߵͬԼѾǴݡ
۱ЩɵģֻҪǰԼ֪鴫ȥͿˣۡĵε֮С
--------------------


131 -գ£
¬֪, Ҳͨǰ£һк˽, ЩԭİնԴͬĿʼ
¬˵յĹº, ֵŵʮô۵Ļ˵ǵµģԺ¬һ˵£ҲԽЩģǽϳʲô, ǳſʲô, ֻι˼ιѼɶĶԽ
ѧնҪ䵽Ӧϵġ
˵¬ÿν̵ʱ, Щ˶᲻˼˵ʲôһһ, ۻͷܵĻ˵ãҲʱƽ, ˵ѧʵϾǾһĵط໥˵˺ܶࡣ
չÿ˵껰, ˾ͿʼĿˣҪĵĶ¬ϡ
¬ʦϱţǣʲˣҲôٿˣ飬кܶ˿š
ʱǶǲ, ¬ϵϱһȻ˴ҵĺġ
ûʲô˵ģ¬϶ǰͷ˵ǰظͷ۹, Ǵſڸʾ˶𣿡
ͨҲųģظ֪ͨᱻӡˢɸʾԼҾͻ·һΡ
Ҳǹѧͷ, ûʲô֪ͨ£ʾİͻɿյϢ, ֮Ƕû˷ѡ
ʾĹҲ¬Щ黯ߵķ֮ڡ
ʱ˵ؽջһʺϣǸʳԵģʳø죬ҲҪͣģǸԵģ˻᳤⡣¬˵⻰ʱü۶ϲ
Ǵۻʮ𾪵ؿ¬ϣȻͻԼľæŬ¬Ȱ˵⣬¬ʦٸƭǮġ
Щ˽ӣ¬ϷЦ֣Ĳģ⻯ʺϿǱ·Ըģ϶дġ
ڹٸ͹ȥĹٸɲһҲǴۣǴۡ¬ϿʼŴǾѼⶼ˵¬ϲż˵һʺϲ࣬ҪģϱȸԿһٸĶҪ֮ܿʼǵʱٿҪҪ
ȷʵġ
Դ֮ǵӶùࡣ
ȥ۴ڵ⣬ҲһģܶũûԼصģҸֿ˰Ҳһأӹúܼѡ
ڱɴ֮صȻҲǵģǴۻʵ۵ģ׳֮⻹ĻãֳʳֻҪϽһɵ˰֮󣬶Լˡ
ܶҲǵһγԼֵʳȥѰҰˣȻ伢
߹ٸ˵ô˰ֻô˰
¬϶ŻʺϵҲ̫ˣڻǿѧ˵Ľ׶ΣڴۻʵۻûôŨҵ˾ţǱ˽Žš
ѧý¬ڻ˼ңʱϱѾˣԺƳ϶дϣһдŻʡ
ôôϻ¬϶ų˺
ֻһͷ˺ػ¬һ䡣
ʺϷĵطҲûɶţģʱ˶ŸճԱأҲûж٣Ҫ˲࣬Ծ͸öЩ
⹻𣿡¬ϿһԼĪһٶĻʣЩᡣ
ϱ˼ĶأһĻʷڵԶ㶼ⶫ
ҲũʱڣȥľֻͺҲûжأһӵĿܹðɡ
¬Ͼ֮ʣϱѾӳͷˣŲ˵ı˿¬ϣˣʱٸͷ˵ⶫõʱҪҰ˰ٱˮ
ʱȷǸŵģõĻʣʩһξͺãȸҿЧʱרŸӺˮõķʣ˵ʩĴξУٸǱ߻ȷⴺĹӦ
һһЩлŸιϡ¬ϱ˵ıҲˣȷ¬϶֮󣬰ɢҵͷһĻҪҷڷԼŪԵġ
˵꣬һγȥˡ
¬һǴӾɵͷģԷɨäʱչ¶˵츳ѧ˵ľĹգӺɽͷľĲڴͷľӣھǷӳ
մٶȣ˶ˣĻʲôŮ˭˭ϡ
¬ҲɿԼıͿʼǲ˴Ĺ
ȥظǱ߻˲ʱ䣬̫ķЩˣ³ʲô©
ǰ֮ģӸսŴ÷Щߵʱ򣬺ü˲ԼָҪۼֿǳסǻѪɽ
ѾȥˣɺӰԼЩû㿿׵ġ
ϵͷ󣬷ֲûԼĵ
ѲһԼµ淶ſʼľ͹Ƿ淶
֪Լľʲôġ
Ǻ¬һԴ۹ʵأϷǱߵĿǽ򶫿ǱߵģмڹٵһеĽ𳵵Ķһ·ӽͷǱŸȥǵķ
¡¡ԶԶؾǸһĶԼʻ
ǵԼĶʱ·Ͽⶫ𺳸С
ľǸʻĹ
ֻڽ򶫿Ǳ߼ĹƵģľľƵġ
û취ڵҪõɱȲЧʣֻʡʡȻҲľƹֱˣľͷᱻ͵һұͷһӲʵĸ˵ʡȥһġ
ɹغشˣ֮ǰ˵ĻʹӦЩ飬֮ǰһֱ䣬ôӴĻܰ϶㣬ֲָֻͨĿɲǺ¡¡Ļ͵߹
æ죬ǰѺϹľƹľ˳ȥǴ˿Ȼû񾭷ɶãµִ
ˣǷӳҪĶЩӣ㿴ǷˮҪôĲⶫһºҪǷֵǧҪ쿪ʼȫƤͼֽ˵

ԴͷûͣЪӣÿ춼ڸϸֻûиͣЪġ
ʲô͸ƣ
ǱǱ֮ǰȥоͷоˣǽǹ豸ֻҪǹеĵطͿԡæ˵رǿˡ¡֡
ڴ۾û˭ܹܾµ
Ǳ£ָڰء
ʵҲȷʵˣĻͽӹͼֽͼֽǹĻĬȻԣʼĥôˮߡ
³óµĶȷʵǺܺãÿȥظ棬Ըܵµı仯
ӣ˵ӣҲۿɼһڱá
ɡʲôʱܺúϢ찡
--------------------


132 -
Ǯصһ, ȥҲڴ۾ɵ۵ģ۵ʱȵʵ۵ʱ䶼Ҫüꡣ
ڱµǻ֮ǰ, ׼ȷ˵ӦӰ귢֮ǰ, ǮӹûǺġ
ȻǱϹٸȥӰ˵ûͣģƽͷ߻ǺģӶ̯, ̸̯ͷ, û˸Ҷ֨, Է̯ҪЦҪҪһ롣
Ǯ̶Ҳ͵Ϊֹ, Щ.°ӵûġ
ֲʱۡ
Щ˵ͬ, ܶ඼Ӱ궯֮бǴ, ûĺҲٵΣصҲնס
ǮҲǴλ֮а˺ü´ڴ˰Żָм伸ȾԼӦҪˣ˵Ļ
Ǯľ̯ӵ̯Ҳȥ׳԰׺ȵĵط, Ǵμ߹ƺҲԼ̫ˣڹȥҲû׷˼, ܱסԼ۵Ĳϡ
ڱּͷҲ͹ԱһȥͬطְҪ, ǮĻмţյʱ, ûԼϼǱߣ׵ָָ㣬ڳ¾ְطʱǮʰҷɿ죬ʹԼ˹ȥ¿ʼ
Ǯڵظ꣬ڣٳȡεĵطͲôã鵽ء
صľǮ˺ܾãǶĵӡȫġ
ǮʱĳǱëѪԻ˵Ļ档
ۼǮ׷˿Ͼ˺üͬţЩͬŰضǮȰοڲڣǱ߱ϾѾ黯ˣԱµͣǱ߿϶ôġ
ǰ󰡣ǰ˭뵽سﻹôƽ·棬ôİٻ¥أ
˵عү׼ѧǸһֻҪǮͺãֻϧڲʱˡ
ͬӦڰοģһԽ˵жãʼչδˣʱˡֻˣˣҪǱǱҪȥġ
ǮԼǩӣûסԹ֮ǰһƶȣ϶֪²۹ĳǳأ϶ûйԸȥİɡ
Ҳͬ㣬ԺֵùҲֵǣʱҲų̾û취ǱһֱŲߡ
ʵǮҲѡȥ۵Ĳ²ˣòڱµĹ֮УȻнʲߣָǺġ
ҪȥǲҪ׼ĶֻҪԼĻϴ·ͺãǱסԼճƷãҪʲôǮơ
ȻʲôӽϱҪҲԸȰŽڵʱҲᷢܶʳ࣬ƽԸĻҲͷֱӽ
ǮҪȥЩ£ҲԹϱȹȥҪõӣñµĻ˵ͨϰգ˭ԸΪۺʹ۵İշأ
ʮҲѡݣܹøɻ۵н
ԼǮҲõĲФʲôģе
ǹѧͷ̵ģȻǽϱģǮҲϱǱһ䣬⻰ǺܶԵġ
Ȼ֮ԵģôʴʲôΥҼ͵֣ЩܵĳʹҲǼӱصġ
û˹ݣ󻹻ᱻ¼ڵϣ˳ʹ̹һ΢йҪЭͬģЭͬǱߵĶȡ¼ʹĻҲʲôֻͨԼȥϵ̯ƣ߾͸ɴûɶ֤ĺڹ
Щǰ֮ڣûӡ
Ǯ᲻ôõĲ£Ȼֻܿٴδź̤ȥص·
Ҳó̫۳ͶٵĿ࣬Ϊ¿ܵһл𳵵ĵط
ڴ۵Ļ𳵻ԻΪƱðմˣʱҲûʲôղڱأĴдģڸ𳵵ĩβһڳ˵ġ
˵ĳᵱȻǸǮЩҪȥΪ׼ģǮȥ֮һҹ˴պڳҿطһţҲʱܵطȹȥ·ҪҰȫ
Ǯߺ󣬲ŷԼڴ۾ɵĵЩƫĵģߵ˵òʵǴҲûֻ̫ЩŮŮԵÿЩ
֪ǮǴӾɵۣЩصİղǲĴۻǳذһ·Ǯȥ˵Ǿסĵط˻ضͷĳ۵֣ЦöԷӭɶġ
ǳĺг顣
Ǯھɵʵûʲô
߳Щ֮⣬ȫԭʼµжԵľͬ
ǮоӦ˵Ӱ֮ǰĴŸԼǿµĻʱͬ˾ֻǵʱİգﶼĪַ˵ĸо
Ź֣ǣ֮ħøС
ֵĳ˼䡣
ڰպͬŵİ£Ǯ㶨ԼסǼǵȵȹʽΪͷһԱҪĵһְˡ
ǹѧͷġ
¸ѧǸܸӵĻ
ɨäǹѧģ鷴ҲǹѧƿҲǹѧɺͽҲǹѧͷȻЩСѵҲǹѧ
ùȥٸСһףڱµ¾ҪرµĹأʲôӦôЩӦָȥֺֺܸȫݣڹѧͷǱĲֲ֮УÿⱾֲỹµݽȥ
ÿǮСҪĿһΣȻµطְʱ򣬻һο
ʵǮֿshiġ
shiҲڹѧͷѧġ
ΪֲܲͷҲã˵ľҲãܼ򵥣͵˵Ŀƿȫ£Ŀѡ԰ǺõĿȷˡ
ɡ
Ǯѧˣ֮ŷ֣Ǻܲһġ
ʱʱѧĲѵγ̣Լ˾ӣȷʾ˶벻ԣһһڶ˵ԼӦôǮֻ˸˵ĸо
ڻöǮĹʱ޲ðԼǱԴʱķߺŶ
ˡ
Ǯץ˸Сͻȥ߶СǸȥＸ¸ʾ˳㿴һ۸ͷԭס֮ûгͻ黯ûһġ
˳ĳͷ͵СìܲŻǮصسͷѾӽʱˡ
ҪĹ
ڴѾˣ˾˵ҪһۣȥɽͷҪȻ߷ľٶȣЩûľˣˮʧ֮Σա
ǮĬĬʱ䣬ȻǰĹ⾰Щԣ̧ͷһϵƻͨͷܶ
ԭ˵صͷˡ
ϵĻЦǮֳɾ͸С
ʢȵľһݹ͡
--------------------


133 -ʿϣ
Ūͷ·, 北, ȥùĳìҲûʲô
鶼Щǿ, Ÿ±ʲ˵磬ø磬֮ǰ˵¾ֲҪǰͷȥɡ
ʲûʲôզأСثˣ
˭ثˣʲô˵Ͳ, ÿԼ·, ¶üİ, ҹȥȷӪ, Щ׵ʱ򣬱ϳ, ҽүôث
ȥȥȥʲظ·ֺü, ھӪ˭ûм̰ʲô
ʲˡ˼ʵҲûۣװģɵϣˣˣҪίԱȥ
ɵģǵΧͬ掠˹ЦҲˣʲţ, ͺ˵ɣ掠ʲô, ֵֹģûпУǵӴץ˳֡
⼸ͷûǾ·¶, ʼǸͿʼˮ, ȻŵñսĴҴܵڡ
Ⱥͱս֮ʲôЯ񰡣˯ʲôҲˣȻЩս˵ʵõĻԲʷ֪ôȾģߵԭͷԶԶؿǹһǹЩ˵
ֻԷЧûôˡ
ǾͷҲ˼ΣھͲˣһȥԺɵĿ˱ǱߵӪʣھͷǳ
̫ˣܵģھͺ׷
˭ѻ掠ˣģͷԼ鳤췣ȥأһ֧üӣⶫǴǰͷ˵ġʲ߻ڵϵʬʾһϽЦͷȻ֪һ־ûȷӪÿģȥìˡ
СӲǴԼóìж֪ò࣬ͷҵ˵СŻڣˡ
ۣСŻڣʱԭģʿǶˣһԼǼ֮˾Ϳʼ¶簡ǰͷҿпǱߵˣõʱŸֶʹ㷢ǣǲҲҪѧЩɣɨä඼ûҵأ
ڴİնҪɨäô͵ĺǵȻҲûбŹĸĸʲͷ˭ûɹ涨ѧϰĿ꣬ǻԼֵͬһ췣ġ
ϹǺؽΪսӦò˶ѧˣ⼸ûУ˵ûȥ⼸ѧϰⲻŽᣬ˶дģȥٳһܸȦɡ
˵Լɨä໹ûҵԭվһߵļ˶ʱԼ⼸ʱʱȥܵȦȦģĿŤ
ס˶ԷĲӣһȺ˶˶С֫彻
ѧϰѻҲɨäûҵļһѾҵҲʶ㷢ǵĻڶӳԱǸǰһεĳ̶ȡ
ɨäҵҲҪӼ˳ѣ֮вЩʱ򶼾ģӵʱץʹ໹ͷ
ҿɲ֪ʲڳεƣͷרŵĽ̹ǡ
õĻҪ̹ٽ̵󣬶ʱ˳ƲҵռĻʳûа취ǵ顣
½̹֪Լˣ½̹ٲǽôģǽ̵ôȫʹû掠ģȷǶȥŸ·ӵ
ȷʵǺһȡ
ȥǼì֣ҲֻԼ̵ĶĶÿζΪ⣬ڳì֮ҲڵϺȵı
ڶ֮вǹȥʱһֻҪͿˣսϵƷ˵뷨ǲҪģҲǸģ˭ȥں˵զʺʲôĲӡ
ǿԵģԼֻҪǺܹģڲҪȥϼע⵽Ҳְλϵĵ
ΪʿҲǽٿ˵ָ֮һǹȥνƷˡ
ÿȷӪǲȥìӣΪԭ
ʶԼܹǲĺҲܿʶԼڳì֮ҲʣԼöر˱ҲرҪȥǱԣֻϧ
ûĽǣȷʵ׼ͷ죬ûĽǿû취׼Է֣ͨôܵĵзÿս붼ԶǱҪֻͨġ
Ǹ츳ĴţҲѵһʱ䣬ѾָܹĴĵĳ̶ȡ
ڻ略֮Уûöþͷʲļ
佫ɱģȥȻʲôɱе飬ڲһˣϴԲ´ŶڲݵȶԷ龭ˮʱһ辰ԷƫԴ¡
ԭǿñĲӵܣӶҲ׷ķ򣬵ԭõˮԴǿԶؿġ
ֻϧչ¶Ļ᲻ࡣ
ڴۻĹ֮½ڽڰˣҲòԱĲ䡣
ϾǱ߶һɵĹңͷҪȿԼͷ˵ģٲԭռ󣬱Ϊܵ¾ûС
ռĲ񱻴۵Լ񣬿ͨţƤݵȵʣɻȡҪʳԼˮҶ
ָĸվԴɹĹҲûˣҲù˺ܶࡣ
ԭֻҪӦЩүԼҲܺúûŵģҲҪԼ͵ǰȥðȥ۵ʳ
Լ˹ˣЩԭŹĴӴܵʿҲûʲôս˼ܶ˶ЩүǲʱӴܻزͷ
Աûò仹Ϊԭڼ٣ΪǿԼعԭǼꡣ
ԭŴ򲻹ָų۾ӵĺţֻʼΪЩôԭǶʼͬԼǴ˵ݣԸٻصͥͳΣԷʼ۾䲹֮ûãͥͳˡ
ҲֻŻ若ʮ¶Щѣյ洫ѶϢѾڣս֮ͷʧ䡣
ٸһʱ䣬϶ֻʲٰٷȼΪ佫ġ
ʧʧ䣬ô㻹Ǻܺõģʣµİ˸˲ٳҶƽƽؼȥ
略ǲȥǰߺͱսƴҲһǻ略Ҳɱʮ»略֮Уսѡ
ǴˣԺطǴ۵ģҶŸˣսʰսЩҪ֪𣡡ϷĽͷţضǶģͷЩĳǶһȺĥĥļһ֪ʲôʱŻ֣ǹʱ򣬶˵һȺ̵ֻģ
꣡꣡
꣡Լеź꣡
--------------------


134 -ʿ£
ʤľ, ܿҪʵ
ǵƽ֮ǱߴӾʿǾ뷵ȥ, ˵ټ, ǱӸ.ʲԽɽ߽ܹоսĵط࣬ҪĽʿҲô࣬ʮ׼Ҫóһġ
۾ڶʮ׳Ͷ, Ҵ඼Ѿɨä, ԴڲҲǺܴġ
ٵҲѡ
ʲ, Ȣӡ
ʿһЩһʲǰ, ⶼʲôѡ񣬱Ͼս, ı, ܱߵĹȿŴǿƣʱҲܻĸһ᲻֪ôԴǹŪġ
ûս֮ھҲʲôѫ˵иܲصԼߣܶ˶Ըѡȥġ
ЩʿҲǰٷ, Ҳвѡ顣
֮ⰲŵģᵽصĹѧ֮ͷ
ϾѧͷֻĻ, 佫Ҳǣ
ȻҲûģͷٴӾΪȥˣ޿, úܣӾȻΣ, ٻ
ʤ޴ȥԼϤѾһľӪţǺܲġ
һиĸֵܵģ˿ԥ֮󣬲˶ȰֻھһԼеĻѡ
ҵıģǾԼûʲôֵܼ˱ܷ
ӾҲ˵㣬֮ڸܵԼļֵ
Ļ϶Ҳûлϻˡ
Ӵʲٰٷ򳤲ɣʿǶüŪŵģڿûʲô̺ôġ
ҲûзЦŸЩһһǹУСҲҵЦϹ٣ҵϰٷˣȥظͷ۸ȥ
Ļ˹Цš
˶ѡܸ˵ЩദսǣŴôĵطϵرˡ
ȻûǸ˶ãڰºճѲӵĹ֮УͿһˡ
ôôЩرǷսǡ
Ҵ۵òͱ˻вģ˵ӦϴǣϾҲǸä
ȥȷ£ûϴսһͬɱй
򰡣㲻ǻϼȥôԼŵɫϡؿǽ壬Ŭǣֻܵ󣬡Ǵҽˣ֮УִҪץ
Ȼȫûע⵽㣬ɫ·𿴵ʲôһ𺰵𣬿Ұֻȥȥġ
𣺡
ǴѲߵʿһֻϻλļ˵Сӣֻڵ󺹡
Ȧ޹еʱйһʲô
ʻһѾ˵ⱱǱǴôطҲӾɵͷǨôظͷۣ˵ϤӦӦͰҵɩȫǨˡ
Ÿ
ǵ֪°ѾɵЩûĵ軧ԼȫûлƵȫǨƵĺͱߵľٴ롣
ʵһֱŶͦõģϾЩûİǣҲҺ͵ſ̵ջҪүãµԼõġ
ⶼǰͷˡ
ȥûǨİǣڵȴǵľǱ죬Ϊĵطˡ
ģĲݳ˶Ȧ
λڱ󣬾ͱ˼Ժų͢·ǼΪʼʲͷ򣬳ȥˡ
ô˵ءǴҶˡ
ԹһԼʱЩ£ЩʿЦκβһ˳ԱȫҲʿǣܹȭġ
λĵؿ𣺡𰡣ҼǵͷҲûеصĵ軧ҲѾڹ·˰ɡ
ЦȻֹ
ֵٵضοûû£˷ЩӻǹñȹȥǿЩϵë˻ǮҲԼǮ
͢ǵһһĸֻ˻иǮҲͦõġ
ʱһ⻰˵Ƿȴд˵ʱҪЦ
Ц֮ƿԡ
صӪ֮ԽԽпܣǳŻûҹίԱͷһꡣ
ίԱǵиƺ󣬸ǹٱ̻һ๤ģǰٷһ𣬲ίԱΪھְλڷսһϢɱǰٷͨˡ
æ˵飬ȻȷԼҲȷʵǨˡ
ʵ֮ǰѡʿ֮У˼ûкļǨ㵽ˣֻĺðţһҪ½ıǳ֮Уѡǵĵطס
ʱ˸
æ˸Ѿʶֹж಻Ӧ
ԸԸ˹ȻԸġ
ǳض½ģͼֽǰձ±׼Ľͼֽģˮ෿סָɾͷǸȥ󣬴ʱҲ
סɱϼʱ©©Сľǿˡ
ȻҲԼô꣬Ǯȥڱ£ͷ϶ԼʱǸ
ڳʲôأίԱϵģʱˣذٱǵĽҲΣȻͶʵ
ءҲֱӵػشҼ˰ٷ˻ȥͷ˰ؼҲ϶Ҫżͷ
ǼһֱֻҲѼûҵֿ϶ܲЩţģȽűôǺã
ίԱĻŹ⣬ʲ㲻̫ˡ
ʲôɻضίԱʵ
迤֮󣬿ذ飬ʲ֪ġίԱ˵
Ȼ֪ģǴ°λصĹڵҲ˲֪˲壺֪ģˡ
˵ίԱļ򣺡ְǳľͲʲôˡ
ίԱĻɹ˵
ǣ꿤öðһһĿǹҵũҵǳÿһھͷ֮һ꿤ġ
뵽ǶǵĿأͷҲһ󰲶ŶԷĵ
ǿڶ֮£Ҳܺ꿤һɡ
λزû̫Էĵһ鲢ε¿ǺפĽһ̸
ڶ죬ͽӵµսָ
ڲÿѲֵĹͣЪ˺üµҪ̤ˡ
βΪ˸ȥȥ󸴳𣬶ڲԶĵĵطһʺϸֵĺأǴӾɵضİǲóǴǲðίġ
ҪǾɵصİǣŪ
¾鿪ʼ
׹ΪʲôʱίԱͻȻ¿ˡ
ǰ
¿֪Ĳʲô꿤öྮͷİж฻ǶԷȥ꿤󣬿أһȣӴ˴Ĵ˵
¾еĻ北˶Ըģڼս鲢û̫ų⡣
ϾҲ˼µʱ䣬սɱıϰ߻ûȴ
ºصʱɹ˰ٷ򳤡
ͷҪһֽʯ͵Ķƫ
ȴ۾Ŀȥڹʱ㱵ط֣ԼѾֵͷҲ˾ĽˣȻֻƷӺš
ԼϽһ·ֻá
ô˵ĿУ½ÿһأǻĮôã
ͷ
--------------------


135 -ϣ
ƿɽ̫, ͷ𽥻谵ΧͬǷջδȼϡ
ȥֻйͷԼһЩҹõ, Ĺֻܵ͵, Щѧϰ»ѧ֮ʯǶ½չʯ֮ͳ˴ڶõĶˡ
ĹǺܻ谵Ҳ׳, һֱС, кüγ, ˲ļ, ˴ء
ڻ谵֮£дŸּݶомģ
ժ´ŵ۾, ϸһ´, ģĸоûκθı䡣
̧ͷ
ǲǿԸƿʼĥ
ƹȥֻڹһݱ΢ڲˡ
³˿ԺҲдһ˾ĹΪ¶Թ֮µأǹĵλҲλĩˣѾҪʿ̬
Ͼڽѧ֮, һ飬ָ
ЩٵʿĸĴЩ˲е
ԺĶλ, ǵļȥѡ
˵ô˵ǿԺ֮ѼģǱľˡ
ʱܸһЩͺˡ
Ѹ, ˯ߵҲˣҹڵƻܼж˵һʹ顣
ҪѾܶ, ɻǺͰȫܱ⣬ûε˼ʲôУѧ˳ԱǷ
ƽ˹ûмŴ򿪶Լͷ֪ԼѪѹҪˡ
еҷڿ׷󣬺ûѪѹʱ
ȻƿǷ飬һһһݷݵĲأʺĹԱӣƷĳôϤ
ưһģ̽ЩʲôҲѾҪˣô飬пܹʱ䣬ܴϰĿǱߴݵǵģϰĵķ磬Ҫ²ܴǡ
ѧƵĻ˷̽ԭǱߴݹϢЩ֮еݣҧҧǶԼʦԼķն˵̽˵´ԺּҪеĲܱɿܣͨѶʱҪԺ²ҲҪȥ
ϰĿǱ̫ˣбڣڣϰĻǴ۵أ۵ضҪü£ȫûκʱЧԿԡ
ϰʲôֶҪ͢Ҫϰܵõ֧Ԯʱʲôôϰ߶Դ۲ģ
̽˵ҲϰģڴӴԶĵطػҪһ࣬ǰ֮Ǿ޷´طΪֻ֪ү֪ʵ۵Ľ
۸̾طΪ񣬿˿Ӧ˰Ҳˡ
۵˵⣬ֻ
ЩҲڹѧ޹˼ģѧ˵Ļ˼֮ҲΪȷʵͬ̽˵ǰ
ʵҲͨѶ͹ٱѹҵȵȣǴҪǵ
ڴ۾ڻ𳵾һһֵĸ񲻹ٶȻķΧܲˣϰĿԶĵط˵ͬһ½ϵģֻҪȥ˵ûô
Ǵڵġ
ưӦúϾ⣬ɫûصĸо
ʦѧƵķӦƲȷʵҪ𣿡
ȷţȵ빬ȥʱ¡Ʊ鲢صԭҲΪ
̽ˣǱΣ֮Ҳȷʵ˵ǣͱʾǺܿʵᷢġ
Ʋñ»ûʶ㣬Ѿнİ취ֻǻδǶѡ
Ѿǵһγˡ
ÿһҪĿо󣬱Ǳߺܿͻᶪһµģмȫûдκͣ٣˵˱ǱѾкܶණûóֻ⣬ɵЧʵ⣬ñֻһ´ѡ
ƾͨѶⲻӦں棬бڣλڣҲʲô⣬ô˵Ҳǹغ۴Ĵ£ôҲӦҪ·ũ֮ǰǡ
Ͷƺܿ͵õ׼֪ͨ
ΪԺԺⷽȼȨڵġ
¹쵽鷿֮УƳɫӰ֣ص˸񣺡򰲡
޲˵׵߲ضʩôɺ˵
ǰѾǻʮòûʲô仯Ļʵ۱£Цˡ
ʲôǼǲסʵҡҡͷûĹҲΣƱ˱Լǰͷλ˵Ѱ޿к£
̽Ǳߵ󡣡º󣬻˵ȻڻʵϿ˻Ȼģ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôݣƻ¶Լʵ
̽Ҫͷϣ
š
֪ݵߵ󣬲ûйʹֱԺģ˵ʵ۲Ӧ֪̽˵ʲôʵ۵Ǳ˵ûаôġ
ֻǱһֱװɵǡ
ɱΪô߷ڵĴڣ˵ڱ˵һǳѵ飬ʱʱ˵©죬ΪԲܿƷõڱʵ̫ˡ
´ԸԼκĵط˵Ҳֻ˵ԼǺһǷ˶ѡ
ϴδʲôɣΪʵۣҲ֮ܿܿһԱ
ʲô.ɰɡ
̫Ϊѱ£ñܿ˰
ܽӴµˣŵġ
ڱҪαװԼû죬Ƿ㣬Ȼһϵġ
ƴһһʮԭ̸˵һȻԭǱԼѧȰ˵ݣƲûͬת
˵ƾü˵ˣҲ̽˵ʲô⡣
¶ڴ˼о⣬Ǻֵ֧ġ
ִеĳͽ䣬ЩΥ֮ͽ⣬ֻԸԼϲȥԻ֧ĳ֮ˡ
˾еûţûܹʵģȥ죬ӲͱŵˣؼҳϷȥ
˵Ǳµԭ˭ǾͲɿˡ
ƵĻʵƺ˼Ŷʵϵ˼ǿԺǱҪ̽𣿡
ʵ⻰ʱһЦ
⻰ֱӸǱȷʵнķӡ
ȫ֪ȫܵı°
֪¸ǷõܼյϰǱߵѶϢ
ţӦǵģ¡
Ȼ룬Ժڻܳóأʵ۶ʵ
Ȼǳ鲻˵ģܳ.ˣȫ֪ȫܵı¿϶͸´Ŀˡ
ũĿǷͣһͣ˵˸ԼΪڿԺ֮УԺӵĿ
ũǸܸϵĿͷֹܵĻе棬ǿͣĻܳ.оԱͶ뵽Ŀ֮С
Ȼǲеġʵ۹ϵض˵
ȻʵƺԼľܾ˺Ƶģض˵ϿǾĿǰǶԵʳˣũ֮¿ʱôż
ȷʵŵģũôҲøָʡЩѣʳĲ࣬ЩȥũܹδҲԼô
οտԺоĽһ̨ũļ۸ҲͨũܸģƶоĿǰĲʵԲǺܿá
ϾƵ֪־һҼˣһĶֵæµ顣
ţҲŻʵ۱Լ
ʵȴǶЦЦЩһֱڿԺ֮æµȷʵгˡ
۾ɵûжٵ軧ˡ
--------------------


136 -£
߿Ӷ͵ްͷ, Щȴûũⲻ˶ٳȥźź˵Ҫˡ
޿ɱ䲻ô˸Щ軧, ֻ˵ЩүԼ, ǼﲻŻԺ𣿲кܶຢ׾𣿶˰ѧһѧҲµصİ
ԺоũϴɷģȥѾÿɺˣûиµĻӳ, ǲôڵʳ, ǿǻֵġ
ʵ˵Ļ, ϵıЦʮá
ƣ
˵, ũϵĿǿԺ֮翪չˣҲ˵, ʵѾϵ˰ɡ
ũ˾޴, ۺܶطزʺչũʹáдЩġ
ǹҲΪ˸ֲرʾʹġ
޷Ǹأڶǵطϣкܹʺũӵĵط۾ɵػµأеĵط, ˵Ҫû, ޻Ǻֵ֧ġʵЦе˵
ǲԸûҲǿǣֻ޵, ֲַǱ߻ţҲ, Ҳῼġ
ƣ
ĪЩЩˡ
ƿ϶ǲΪЩȥȰµġ
ȻĿǰǱԤϵİţôũĿ϶ǲͣģũ֮Ŀ˵ʵԼҲ᲻ͣ
ȻͶ˱µĿգÿһĿҪҪĿʼ
￴Źָľڵһֱţһ·Ŀûиѹʵ̫ˡ
һжʮĸʱͺˡ
ʵڲеĻҹҲͬǰҲð
ƶűţʮֻ࣬ʣʱ̫ݣ֪δܷ񿴵ͨѶͨްϾƾԼ̽Ǳʱ򣬿µģɲû׼ͨѶǰͷӡ
һƱʹ˺ͻʵ۸ǣϾﻹһΪͨѶ֮ºҪѰɲġ
ʱҴң˵һԸ˷ѡ
ڸ֮ǰƾƼʵܹŹֵ
ƣ
£Կʧ֮Ƴɵʵ
ǡʵӦ˾䣬͸ЩŹ֣ϿϣҹҲһܹ
ǡƸоʲôڵؿŻʵۣмʵ¿нķӡ
ҹҲо۳ȥҪ˯ʱʣ壬ȫ˵ƽӳɡ
ʵƺĬ£Щԥ˵񲻹ҹֻʯվЩģǣΣգԵɻϢʱôҹҲð֮
Żʵ⻰ǳ֪ʵǱ߾Ľ
ڱµĿɶģƿʲô⣬ƶŻʵʮ֣صһ֣¿ԺѾãǱµͷֻֻڿԺ֮ʹþͺá
ƻȫ᳹ʲôѲƶֻҪԺˣʲôν
ʵ۵֪Ӧ˵λ
šƺܷܵص˵ͷָ㡣
̾˿Ŷ˵˵ʵҹķʵҲͽͨѶ»Ҳһϵ֮ڣҲǲһˡ
ϣɼףҹ仮磿ʵ۶˵һЩȥΪӦԴδ˼ѾʮһθоԼһ˽⻯ѧʱָ˽ĸо
ǱеȻҲлԹġ
һܵ£¡
ţȴҲűµж˵ݣֻҲֻǶǳԵؽʲôǵʲôǵŲѡ
˰취ڸ֮Ų֮¾ͬѧһ㣬ҲȫµѧƣҪԺλѧѧϰоʵǳ˵󣬻˵˸Ϣ֮µҪ̫ڸӣǰÿԺͷѾƳ͸𽺡кЩϽѾˣ޵ǿȰȥڿԺ֮װ
ݲżʱҹҲȰżˣ.һʱ˵֮αǡʵʮº͡
˱µĲ֮Ҳȫˡ
Ҫ֮
ȷʵҹͬ磬С޿ɶΣⲻ׵ʲô
ɴǧڹ֮Уֻɪɪ˷ͨѶ֮УЩ֮ģҲӦ֮¡
ԭܽ
ƲٰûԼȥô붼ûôĽİ취ֻ
¡ҹﰲſáʺǱߡƳɵ˵ţƽڿԺˣÿλȥɶñԼϱһѵ⡣
ҲҹҹϿΣҪϢġʵǱǻشֻԼã»ͷĥ׵΢о
ʵۼȻ֣ƵȻҪʵ۸ı⡣
˻ʵݵϢȥ󣬿Ժͷһ裬ưȥ
ԺͷѾһѧĿ֮кģûҪȥµĸ﷨ǱУѧˣδҲŵŲȥƽ˷ʱѡ
ΪʣȻҲ֮ģûڿԺ֮е
Ժ֮ѡȡĶԺͷˣһЩѧ֮ȥµҲڵĿ˽ǵģһ˿϶ѧϰҪȺܶҪǿЩ
½ѧ仯֮ʱ·ȥģҲΪˡ
֮⣬ͷĹѧҲϢƵ롣
ԴƵȻܾϾѧͷѧѧ˱µ֮ҲȻ䵽ǿԺͷ
Ҫ֪ڹѧͷЩͳ˼ڣܾٲԸѧ߹ٸͷǿԺ߳ĺ츳߷ǳȤģŻΪѡǡ
ʵȥǵĵȣ佫ϵĹҲǹѧѧӵĿ֮ڣûս֮󣬾Ϊĩȡ
ҪȻǿԺôôȱأ
ڴ֮ǰԺҪĹǸȥװĹߡ
ͭϽĵ߰͸ķճͷװ˿пԺͷСٲϰװתӡ
ƹȥɻΪʲô»ѿԺѡַλţϾٲԶʹڿԺµʱЩġ
ֻǺһ˸¹ʣǷٴӺǱȡˮûɴֺΪȼ֮
ڿ
ֻ±йش㣬ֻеȴʱ˰ɡ
״۵ϵͳڿԺѾǰ֮ˡ
ô㶨ѹе˿ĳҪ֮еƳ׳׵ըѣǵѵڼƻ֮⣬˼ڸűʵĹ֮ѧġ
ѧõЩźΪǻʺ󣬲ܻǿԺ֮УϾʺҲְ
۰ͼ󣬳ȻҲȹȥ˺ܶ࣬ʺҲûеʸ
֮ûŪûᱬը֮󣬻ʺͲñǰͷæˣԼӱǱĥˣǰͷȥкܶ͵ǿԺߴġ
ǻĵƻڿԺ֮ҫţƴԼ۾ҹؿеĸͼֽͼΡ
ŲԶ֮УЩصŲ֪ʶƾ˼νҲˡ
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